Using documentary and ethnographic information, an analogy is drawn between conquest-period (ca. 1722) and contemporary political and religious institutions among the Cora (Nayari) people of the Sierra del Nayar in the Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico. Fundamental to these political and religious institutions-then and now-is the idea that the deceased elders of the Cora people continue as active agents in the lives of living Coras, particularly as the seasonal rains. Based on this analogy, an inference is extended from contemporary attitudes of Cora people in the town of Santa Teresa toward the political and religious customs that mediate their relationships with these deceased ancestors, to the possible attitudes of Cora people toward their religious customs at the time of the Spanish conquest of the region. Millenarian fear, an anxiety that is widespread in Santa Teresa as contemporary Coras confront their own failure to adequately continue the customs of their ancestors, is inferred to have been a motivating factor in the Cora's acceptance of Catholic religious customs during the colonial period of their history.

This dissertation analyses resistance to a regional development programme, which centred on the construction of a dam at Cerro de Oro, Ojitlan, Oaxaca, Mexico and the resettlement of the affected Chinantec population into an area of Uxpanapa, Veracruz. The resistance of the people of Ojitlan took various forms over a seven year period (1972-9), including political action, a syncretic millenarian movement, a reassertion of traditional forms of community fiestas and passive resistance to resettlement. Ojitlan has been affected by national economic and political changes since before the Spanish Conquest. Large plantations established in the tropical lowland areas in the 19th century ceded place to small "ejido" communities, set up under land reform in the 1930s. Control of land and the economic relationships of production are seen as factors affecting the patterns of resistance in Ojitlan. The dissertation reviews the anthropological literature on resistance and on ethnicity. The series of forms of resistance studied can be seen as multiple cultural articulations - attempts to "bridge the gap" between the established Ojitec life and the "modern" systems of work and life introduced by the development project of the Papaloapan River Commission. The Ojitec struggle with modernity involved dealing not just with the question of resettlement in the collective ejidos of Uxpanapa, but also with the reforms promoted in the Oaxacan Catholic Church. The traditional ritual of indigenous Catholicism offered a sphere of legitimate agency and autonomy for the Ojitec in the face of new models of agency and power. The dissertation suggests the usefulness of the concept of resistance, tempered with an analysis of accompanying processes of accommodation to change. Evidence from the 1990s indicates that ethnic identity continues to be important in political resistance to the state in Uxpanapa, a sign of the resilience of forms of Ojitec culture.

The Naqshbandi-Haqqaniyya are one of the most well known and researched tariqas in the West. Until May 2014 the leader of the tariqa was Shaykh Nazim Adil al-Qubrusi al-Haqqani (1922-1914) who somewhat unusually among modern Sunni Sufi shaykhs taught consistently that the world is in its last days and approaching a global apocalyptic change. It is these apocalyptic teachings, primarily articulated by Shaykh Nazim, that are the focus of this thesis. While an element of Shaykh Nazim’s teachings that has been noted by a number of scholars, there has been little in the way of comprehensive research on the apocalyptic teachings past the year 2000 or on how Shaykh Nazim’s apocalypse compares to those found either in wider Islamic thought or other religious traditions. By utilising sources produced until Shaykh Nazim’s death in 2014 this thesis thus aims to make a distinct contribution to the knowledge by identifying what characterises the apocalypticism of Shaykh Nazim and the Naqshbandi-Haqqaniyya, how this compares to other Muslim apocalypses, whether its form can be accounted for, and how murids in one branch of the tariqa interpret teachings in the post-millennial period. This thesis argues that it is important we come to a better understanding of Shaykh Nazim’s apocalypse not just to further our understanding the Naqshbandiyya, but to address an imbalance in contemporary apocalyptic studies on how Islamic apocalyptic belief is presented. The thesis presents a new phenomenological dimensional approach to apocalyptic belief which forms the structure of the investigation. It begins by outlining broad trends in Islamic apocalyptic thought in order to provide a comparative base for the rest of the work. This is followed by an examination of where Shaykh Nazim’s apocalypse converges and diverges from these broad trends. The following chapters seek to account for the distinctive form of Shaykh Nazim’s apocalypse by discussing firstly whether they might be presented to appeal to Westerners, whether they might be seen as a way of addressing modernity, and if they act as a theodicy. These chapters are then followed by a discussion on authorities used to legitimise the apocalyptic teachings and how they are interpreted by a small group of murids in the Glastonbury branch of the tariqa. This thesis concludes by arguing Shaykh Nazim’s apocalypse is distinctive in many respects, particularly in regards his absolute millenarian vision. Ultimately this millenarian vision is made necessary by a need to cleanse the world of satanic influence in a way not possible by reform. It also argues the apocalyptic teachings remained an important part of Shaykh Nazim’s teachings post the millennium and that there are a number of strategies employed by murids to make sense of living in the end of times. It argues future research should monitor changes in apocalyptic emphasis given the new leadership of the tariqa and wider attention be paid to apocalyptic belief in Islam in general.

During the First Crusade's onset, lay enthusiasm went unregulated. Popular preachers spread Urban II's call to crusade across Europe, and after Peter the Hermit left the Rhineland, religious tension flared and culminated in the 1096 A.D. Jewish massacres. This paper examines Christian crusader motivation during the 1096 massacres. Through textual analysis of contemporary Latin and Hebrew chronicles and medieval eschatological legends, I argue that the conversion of the Jewish communities to Christianity was the primary motivation of the Christian crusaders and neighboring burghers. I suggest that figures such as Count Emicho of Flonheim were likely inspired by the eschatological legend of the Last Roman Emperor and sought to destroy the Jewish communities to bring the second coming of Christ and the End Times. The Jewish communities' destruction was through conversion or the sword, however, I argue through primary source examples that conversion was preferable, and crusaders and burghers went to great lengths to see conversion through. This study is part of a growing body of research on conversion during the 1096 massacres, specifically conversion linked to Christian millenarianism. This study aims to add to the greater literature and offer another voice to the ongoing conversation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre milenarismo e razão de Estado no pensamento do calabrês, Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), na tentativa de se compreender como esta ligação pauta o seu projeto de Monarquia Universal, no qual todos os povos seriam reunidos sob uma única fé e um único monarca. Para isso, dentre a numerosa produção do autor, foram escolhidas duas obras principais: Monarchia di Spagna (1595) e a Monarchia del Messia (1606-07), sem se desconsiderar, quando necessário, as devidas ilações com outros escritos do calabrês, assim como com obras e autores de época que tiveram alguma repercussão na construção de suas ideias. As duas obras escolhidas, como centrais no presente trabalho, apresentam alguns pontos em comum, permitindo, dessa maneira, serem analisadas dentro de um conjunto mais ou menos homogêneo. Quer dizer, nelas é possível perceber a íntima relação entre religião e política, tema nuclear no projeto de Monarquia Universal de Tommaso Campanella. / The purpose of this work is to analyze the relation between millenarianism and reason of State in Tommaso Campanellas works, expressed through his will of a Universal Monarchy, ruled by a single governor and in which there would be only one Christian faith. For this, among his several works, the two most important were chosen: Monarchia di Spagna (1595) and Monarchia del Messia (1606-1607). Those ones have some points in common, making possible a certain homogeneous analysis. The main issue in both works is the relation between political power and religion, a theme which is fundamental for understanding how the reason of State and his millenarianism thinking are related to each other. So, it will be analyzed the relation between millenarianism and politics in the Universal Monarchy purposed by the author, which its main characteristic was the union of temporal and spiritual powers.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a relação entre milenarismo e razão de Estado no pensamento do calabrês, Tommaso Campanella (1568-1639), na tentativa de se compreender como esta ligação pauta o seu projeto de Monarquia Universal, no qual todos os povos seriam reunidos sob uma única fé e um único monarca. Para isso, dentre a numerosa produção do autor, foram escolhidas duas obras principais: Monarchia di Spagna (1595) e a Monarchia del Messia (1606-07), sem se desconsiderar, quando necessário, as devidas ilações com outros escritos do calabrês, assim como com obras e autores de época que tiveram alguma repercussão na construção de suas ideias. As duas obras escolhidas, como centrais no presente trabalho, apresentam alguns pontos em comum, permitindo, dessa maneira, serem analisadas dentro de um conjunto mais ou menos homogêneo. Quer dizer, nelas é possível perceber a íntima relação entre religião e política, tema nuclear no projeto de Monarquia Universal de Tommaso Campanella. / The purpose of this work is to analyze the relation between millenarianism and reason of State in Tommaso Campanellas works, expressed through his will of a Universal Monarchy, ruled by a single governor and in which there would be only one Christian faith. For this, among his several works, the two most important were chosen: Monarchia di Spagna (1595) and Monarchia del Messia (1606-1607). Those ones have some points in common, making possible a certain homogeneous analysis. The main issue in both works is the relation between political power and religion, a theme which is fundamental for understanding how the reason of State and his millenarianism thinking are related to each other. So, it will be analyzed the relation between millenarianism and politics in the Universal Monarchy purposed by the author, which its main characteristic was the union of temporal and spiritual powers.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5866695 bytes, checksum: 651c27c43cd7a8f8e91c7bcf5a19800c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work intends to analyze the religious group "Borboletas Azuis" of Campina Grande / PB, featuring him as a messianic-millenarian movement that achieved international recognition for developing a proposal for criticism of changes occurred in Roman Catholicism after Vatican II, formulating a conservative and radical new proposal who intended to retake practices of primitive Christianity. Addition to merging elements of popular Catholicism and spiritism Kardecist of mesa branca , the movement traces a new religious proposal, 'bricolada', in which the prophecy of a new world free of oppression and social inequality emerged with the advent of a universal flood, scheduled for May 13, 1980. We present the movement from its origins until the present, exhibiting a report of its foundation, period of apogee, gradual cooling after the non-event of the flood, and also, evaluated the actual configuration of the movement. Catholic and spiritualist influences that configured the movement and its leaders are analyzed with the main focus on the founder and leader, Roldão Mangueira de Figueiredo and his principal assistants who have been part from the administrative setting. The succession of leadership by Antonio de França, Helena Diniz, Maria Tereza and the active presence of Luciene Diniz, bringing fundamental prophecies for mediatic projection and numerical growth of the group. We interviewed descendants of the founder of the movement and remnants persons who attended in the past, the Casa de Caridade Jesus no Horto in search of spiritual answers. We employ theorists like: Maria Isaura de Queiroz, Max Weber, Peter Berger, Emile Durkheim, Mircea Eliade, Rudolf Otto, Joseph Campbell, well as researches of Lysias Nogueira Negrão, Moacir Carneiro and Lidiane Araújo. Furthermore, we had access to files of local newspapers and letters written by leaders who are used as a basis for the analysis of movement and its leader board. / Este trabalho pretende analisar o grupo religioso Borboletas Azuis , de Campina Grande/PB, dispondo-o como um movimento messiânico-milenarista que alcançou repercussão internacional por desenvolver uma proposta de crítica às mudanças ocorridas no Catolicismo Romano após o Concílio Vaticano II formulando uma nova proposta conservadora e radical que pretendia retomar práticas do cristianismo primitivo. Além de mesclar elementos do catolicismo popular e do espiritismo de vertente kardecista de mesa branca, o movimento traça uma nova proposta religiosa bricolada , na qual a profecia de um novo mundo livre de opressão e desigualdades sociais emergiria com o advento de um dilúvio universal, com previsão para 13 de maio de 1980. Apresentamos o movimento desde sua origem até a atualidade, exibindo um relato de sua fundação, período de apogeu, paulatino arrefecimento após o não acontecimento do dilúvio, tendo avaliado igualmente a configuração atual do movimento. As influências católicas e espíritas que configuraram o movimento e suas lideranças são analisadas tendo como foco principal o fundador e líder, Roldão Mangueira de Figueiredo, e os principais auxiliares que fizeram parte do quadro administrativo, a sucessão de liderança por parte de Antônio de França e Helena Diniz e Maria Tereza e a presença ativa de Luciene Diniz, trazendo profecias fundamentais para projeção midiática e crescimento numérico do grupo. Entrevistamos descendentes do fundador, remanescentes do movimento e pessoas que frequentaram no passado, a Casa de Caridade Jesus no Horto em busca de respostas espirituais. Empregamos teóricos como: Maria Isaura de Queiroz, Max Weber, Peter Berger, Emíle Durkheim, Mircea Eliade, Rudolf Otto, Joseph Campbell, assim como pesquisas de Lísias Nogueira Negrão, Moacir Alves Carneiro e Lidiane Araújo. Além disso, tivemos acesso a arquivos de jornais locais e cartas redigidas pelos líderes que são usados como base para análise do movimento e seu quadro de liderança.

[pt] O Padre António Vieira profetizava que o futuro de Portugal seria brilhante como nação universalizadora do Catolicismo. E o Brasil, condição e parte integrante desse plano divino. Pelo teor dessas idéias e pelo seu envolvimento com os judeus, acabou sendo condenado pelo Santo Ofício como herege, passando 2 anos (1665-1667) preso nos Cárceres da Inquisição de Coimbra. Esta tese pretende, através da leitura e análise da História do Futuro, importante obra profética do jesuíta, focalizar a questão do visionarismo do padre, estabelecendo uma conexão entre o pensamento vieiriano e as visões providencialistas e milenaristas que persistem até hoje no imaginário brasileiro. / [en] The father Antônio Vieira predicted that Portugal future would be brilliant as a nation capable to universalise the Catoliciscim. Furthermore, Brazil would be a milestone in such a divine plan. Because of the meaning of his ideas and because of his envolvement with the Jews, he was condemned by the ecclesiastical tribunal as heretic, and was imprisoned for two years (1665-1667) in the prison of the Inquisition in Coimbra. This thesis aims, through reading and analysing the History of the Future, an important phrofetic work of the Jesuitic, to focus the visionarism of the Father António Vieira, establishing a link between the vierianism and his miracoulus vision which have came up to the present, in Brazilian imaginary.

This dissertation focuses on the 'theo-political' core of US Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism. The political militancy characterizing two Millenarian/Messianic movements such as Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism constitutes a still under-researched and under-theorized aspect that, at present, is paramount to address for its immediate and long terms implications in the highly sensitive and volatile Israeli-Palestinian issue, in the US and Israeli domestic domain, and in the wider international community. Although processes of the 'sacralisation of politics' and 'politicisation of religions' have already manifested themselves in countless forms over past centuries, Christian Zionism and Jewish Religious Zionism are unprecedented phenomena given their unique hybridized nature, political prominence and outreach, mobilizing appeal amongst believers, organizational-communicational skills and degree of institutionalization.

Interessa-nos o estudo de um movimento religioso surgido na Serra dos Breus, em Pernambuco, a partir de 1976, liderado por Cícero José de Farias, dito Meu Rei. Este afirmava ter recebido do Deus da Bíblia três missões: uma, em 1932; outra, em 1955 e a definitiva, em 1988. Nesta, Deus estabelecera que a missão de Cícero seria fundar o novo paraíso terrestre. Tal missão seria intransferível e Cícero, que a partir daquele momento passaria chamar-se Sadabe Alexandri de Farias receberia, como uma espécie de prêmio, o dom da imortalidade. Quando, em 1999, com presumidos 115 ano, Cícero morreu, a comunidade de seus discípulos foi submetida a dura prova. Partindo desta situação, formulou-se o nosso problema de pesquisa: entender como os seguidores de Meu Rei vivenciaram e deram-se a si mesmos e aos outros um significado para sua doença e morte, já que o mesmo se dizia imortal e a maioria dos que lá moravam criam nisso. Tal objetivo foi perseguido a partir da análise tanto dos dados coletados através de entrevistas com membros remanescentes da Comunidade quanto dos documentos escritos por Cícero, tendo como fio-condutor a idéia, formulada por Peter Berger, da necessidade que os grupos sociais têm de gerar e manter estruturas de plausibilidade, que dêem sentido à convivência e à continuidade dos mesmos no tempo / Our study focuses on the religious movement which arose in the Serra of Breus in Pernambuco, beginning in 1976, headed by Cícero José de Farias, known as My King. Farias stated that he had received from the Biblical God three missions: the first in 1932, the second in 1955, and the definitive one in 1988. In this one, God established that Ciceros mission would be to found the new earthly paradise. Such a mission would not transferable and Cícero, who from that moment on, would be known as Sadabe Alexandri de Farias and would receive as a reward, the gift of immortality. In 1999, when supposedly at the age of 115, Cícero died, the community of his disciples underwent a severe trial. Out of this situation, sprang our research problem: to understand how the disciples of My King lived and reconciled themselves to the fact of sickness and death since they believed their leader to have been immortal. This objective was pursued, stating from an analysis from the collected data from interviews with members of the remaining community as well as from documents written by Cícero and by applying the idea formulated by Peter Berger of the necessity that social groups have to form and to maintain plausible structures which give meaning to communal life and its continuance in time