This study looks at social studies teachers' perceptions of Malawi's national identity as it is promoted through Malawi's primary school social studies education. The following research questions were posed: 1) What are teachers' perceptions of national identity in Malawi? 2) What are teachers' perceptions of Malawi's primary school social studies curriculum? and 3) What are teachers' perceptions of the practice of constructing national identity through primary school social studies curriculum in Malawi? The recent revision of Malawi's social studies curriculum allows for a new analysis on the relationship between Western neocolonialism and its affect on the shaping of Malawian national identity, as exampled by Malawi's social studies program. This study will therefore contribute to existing literature regarding the role of social studies education and the construction of national identity as well as the impact the West has on the maintenance of African national identity. Using semi-structured interviews with ten practicing primary school social studies teachers and one social studies curriculum specialist in the Domasi district, Southern Region of Malawi, I found that Malawi's social studies currciulum is promoting Malawian national identity as perceived by the interviewees. However, the interviewees illuminated contextual factors that hinder the implementation of the new curriculum. / Master of Science

Since the early 1990s, more and more people in Taiwan have come to view Taiwan itself as a country independent of China. They consider themselves Taiwanese rather than Chinese. Drawing on a social constructionist perspective to nationalism and Laclau and Mouffe's theory of discourse, this dissertation attempts to analyze the discursive mechanisms that have constructed this new collective imagination by many people in Taiwan that now regard themselves as members of an independent Taiwanese nation. The research questions of this dissertation are: how has the post-1949 national identity of Taiwan been discursively transformed since the early 1990s? What are the discursive and institutional mechanisms that have reproduced the Taiwanese national identity? What challenges is the Taiwanese national identity facing? To answer these questions, this dissertation outlines three nationalist discourses and five representations that have been derived from them regarding Taiwan's status, its relationship with mainland China, and the national identity of people in Taiwan. It examines the changes in Taiwan's discursive regime and symbolic economy since the early 1990s, showing how the rise of Taiwanese national identity has been closely related to political leaders' identification with Taiwanese nationalism. I argue that the rise of Taiwanese national identity in Taiwan has been an effect of a discursive contestation among the three major nationalist discourses and the polarization of the discursive field. This dissertation also explores the provincial origin issue---which has been closely related to ethnic tension in Taiwan---and the relations between the nationalist discourses and democratization. In addition, to explore the possibility for a deconstruction of the Taiwanese national identity, I examine the challenges that the Taiwanese national identity faces, focusing on democracy, the Democratic Progressive Party's performance as the ruling party, and the cross-Strait economic integration and political interactions. / Ph. D.

Darbo tema − Gimtoji kalba kaip tautinio tapatumo išsaugojimo prioritetas (trijų kartų įžvalgos). Temos aktualumas ir problema. Gimtoji kalba yra viena iš svarbiausių tautinio tapatumo tęstinumo gijų. Tai ne vien skambūs žodžiai, tai gyvenimo patirtis, tautos dvasios šaltinis, savitumas, kalbos bendrumo jausmas, kuris tampantis įsitikinimu darosi ir tautinio, dorovinio bei kultūrinio identiteto esminga dalimi. Kalbos vaidmuo yra išskirtinis. Sunku atrasti ką nors kitą nei kalba, kas būtų vienodai svarbus ir suvienytų visus tautinės ir politinės bendruomenės narius. Darbo tikslas − ištirti trijų kartų tautinius prioritetus: pasitelkus lyginamąją analizę atskleisti gimtosios (lietuvių) kalbos vaidmenį siekiant išsaugoti ir sustiprinti lietuvių tautinį tapatumą. Šiame magistro darbe bus analizuojamas tautinis tapatumas ir jo santykis su gimtąja kalba. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti lietuvių tautinį tapatumą (lietuvybę) atspindinčius elementus, jų raišką ir kaitą mūsų visuomenėje. 2. Atskleisti lietuvių tautinio tapatumo išlaikymo galimybes integruojantis į pasaulinę erdvę. 3. Ištirti gimtosios kalbos ir tautinio tapatumo santykį, apibrėžti lietuvių kalbą kaip lietuvybės požymį. 4. Išnagrinėti kalbines nuostatas ir savęs identifikavimo problemas globalizacijos akivaizdoje. 5. Išanalizuoti lietuvių tautiškumo, lietuvybės, lietuvių kalbos kaip dorovinių vertybių sistemos svarbą asmenybės vertybinių principų formavimuisi. 6. Atlikti kokybinį tyrimą ir sužinoti trijų kartų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topic of the thesis − Native Language as a Priority for Preserving National Identity (Insights of Three Generations). Relevance and problem of the topic. Native language is one of the most important links of continuity of national identity. It is not only high-sounding words but also life experience, source of national spirit, peculiarity and sense of belonging to the same linguistic community, which, while gradually turning into personal conviction, becomes an essential part of national, moral and cultural identity. The role of language is exceptional. It is hard to find any other element as important as the language itself, bringing all members of the national and political community into a single whole. The goal of the thesis − to examine national priorities of three generations; by means of comparative analysis, reveal the role of the native (Lithuanian) language in pursuit of preserving and strengthening Lithuanian national identity. Therefore, the Master’s thesis will address national identity and its relationship with the native language. Objectives of the thesis: 1. To analyse the elements reflecting Lithuanian national identity (Lithuanianhood), their expression and change in our society. 2. To reveal the possibilities for preserving Lithuanian national identity in the process of global integration. 3. To examine the relationship between native language and national identity; to define the Lithuanian language as an inherent feature of Lithuanianhood. 4. To... [to full text]

Na presente tese de doutorado focalizamos as músicas gravadas por Carlos Gardel (1917 a 1935) e por Carmen Miranda (1930 a 1940), articulando-as com a imagem e a performance dos artistas, as quais podem ser observadas na audição das gravações, nos filmes dos quais participaram e em fotos divulgadas em revistas da época, para analisar as representações das identidades nacionais argentina e brasileira do período. Considerando que tal período é, exatamente, o de emergência de determinados meios de comunicação de massas (a indústria fonográfica, o rádio e o cinema), observa-se que estes dois artistas tornaram-se ídolos nacionais através destes meios e foram mediadores na construção das identidades nacionais. Desta forma, estabeleceram, nas representações contidas em suas músicas, imagem e performance, relações entre a identidade nacional e outras identidades já existentes anteriormente entre seu público. Neste trabalho, analisamos também estas relações, especialmente da identidade nacional com as identidades populares e de elite, com as identidades étnicas e regionais. / In this doctorate thesis we remarked the music recorded by Carlos Gardel (1917- 1935) and Carmen Miranda (1930-1940) matching image and performance of these artists, which can be look on hearing recorded, in the movies that both played a part in and in the photos published in magazines in that time, to analyze the Brazilian and Argentine national identity. Regarding that epoch exactly the development of the mass media (phonografic industry, radio and cinema) we can realize these artists became national idols by these communications and they were mediators that national identity form. By this way, they established, in their musics, images and performances representations relationship between national identity and others identities just extant before among their public. In this thesis we analyze these relationship especially of national identity with popular and elite identity, with ethnic identity and regional identity.

Na presente tese de doutorado focalizamos as músicas gravadas por Carlos Gardel (1917 a 1935) e por Carmen Miranda (1930 a 1940), articulando-as com a imagem e a performance dos artistas, as quais podem ser observadas na audição das gravações, nos filmes dos quais participaram e em fotos divulgadas em revistas da época, para analisar as representações das identidades nacionais argentina e brasileira do período. Considerando que tal período é, exatamente, o de emergência de determinados meios de comunicação de massas (a indústria fonográfica, o rádio e o cinema), observa-se que estes dois artistas tornaram-se ídolos nacionais através destes meios e foram mediadores na construção das identidades nacionais. Desta forma, estabeleceram, nas representações contidas em suas músicas, imagem e performance, relações entre a identidade nacional e outras identidades já existentes anteriormente entre seu público. Neste trabalho, analisamos também estas relações, especialmente da identidade nacional com as identidades populares e de elite, com as identidades étnicas e regionais. / In this doctorate thesis we remarked the music recorded by Carlos Gardel (1917- 1935) and Carmen Miranda (1930-1940) matching image and performance of these artists, which can be look on hearing recorded, in the movies that both played a part in and in the photos published in magazines in that time, to analyze the Brazilian and Argentine national identity. Regarding that epoch exactly the development of the mass media (phonografic industry, radio and cinema) we can realize these artists became national idols by these communications and they were mediators that national identity form. By this way, they established, in their musics, images and performances representations relationship between national identity and others identities just extant before among their public. In this thesis we analyze these relationship especially of national identity with popular and elite identity, with ethnic identity and regional identity.

Na presente tese de doutorado focalizamos as músicas gravadas por Carlos Gardel (1917 a 1935) e por Carmen Miranda (1930 a 1940), articulando-as com a imagem e a performance dos artistas, as quais podem ser observadas na audição das gravações, nos filmes dos quais participaram e em fotos divulgadas em revistas da época, para analisar as representações das identidades nacionais argentina e brasileira do período. Considerando que tal período é, exatamente, o de emergência de determinados meios de comunicação de massas (a indústria fonográfica, o rádio e o cinema), observa-se que estes dois artistas tornaram-se ídolos nacionais através destes meios e foram mediadores na construção das identidades nacionais. Desta forma, estabeleceram, nas representações contidas em suas músicas, imagem e performance, relações entre a identidade nacional e outras identidades já existentes anteriormente entre seu público. Neste trabalho, analisamos também estas relações, especialmente da identidade nacional com as identidades populares e de elite, com as identidades étnicas e regionais. / In this doctorate thesis we remarked the music recorded by Carlos Gardel (1917- 1935) and Carmen Miranda (1930-1940) matching image and performance of these artists, which can be look on hearing recorded, in the movies that both played a part in and in the photos published in magazines in that time, to analyze the Brazilian and Argentine national identity. Regarding that epoch exactly the development of the mass media (phonografic industry, radio and cinema) we can realize these artists became national idols by these communications and they were mediators that national identity form. By this way, they established, in their musics, images and performances representations relationship between national identity and others identities just extant before among their public. In this thesis we analyze these relationship especially of national identity with popular and elite identity, with ethnic identity and regional identity.

Between 1808 and 1814 England was committed to an expensive and bloody campaign against the French invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. The Peninsular War, as it came to be known, was initially celebrated as a war of national independence that attracted widespread support. Soon after, it was characterised by political scandal and public controversy. Literary scholars have devoted much attention to the political, social and cultural effects of the French Revolution, but have written surprisingly little about the later years of the campaign against Napoleonic France. The principle objective of this thesis is to offer the first in-depth study of English theatre during the Peninsular War. It considers the most popular plays in performance, and asks what their staging, publication, and reception history reveal about a nation’s literary tastes and its political self-awareness. Sheridan’s Pizarro, a play about the Spanish conquest of Peru, was one of the most successful plays on the Romantic stage. A close analysis of this play considers its popularity between 1799 and 1815, and what it suggests about the flexibility of the contemporary repertoire system. Audiences’ ability to ascribe topical inflections to old plays helps explain the demand for Shakespeare and the bard’s political import to wartime audiences. This thesis explores the London patent stages and popular minor theatres, where programmes were restricted to song, dance, and spectacle. It also offers a case study of provincial theatre in Bristol, underscoring the significant limitations in assumptions that the metropolitan stage was representative of national trends. Archival research on the London and Bristol stages has been crucial to this study, which is based on an examination of playbills, memoranda, letters, playtexts, and prints. The newsprint and cartoons discussed offer an important political and historical framework, suggestive of the cultural expectations likely to have influenced contemporary playgoers.

In Taiwan area, it has become a rule that the national identity cards of all population are changed every 10 years. The fifth comprehensive change of national identity cards was implemented from Dec. 21, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2006. The government institutions of different cities and counties (municipal) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior positively conducted national propaganda of the important news through the strong promotion of the change of identity cards by various means of mass media. First of all, the study investigates promotion strategies and procedures of the change of national identity cards in Taiwan, and then studies the promotion situation of the services for people, and further investigates how to strengthen the use of marketing ideas to achieve the goal of offering services for people. In view of this, the study reviews the related literature about the development procedures of the household registration system of Taiwan. Through the understanding of the situation and problems of the current use of new national identity cards, as well as the necessity of the change of national identity cards, the study focuses on marketing strategies to adopt SWOT analysis of trend and use questionnaire survey to make proof analysis and review. The study examines the effects and improvement measures of the government for execution of public domains, and provides the following research conclusions and suggestions for the Ministry of Interior and other government institutions as a reference for innovative promotion of public policies: 1. It is not easy to promote relationship marketing of the first line household registration institutions. 2. Important project work relatively needs the increase of reasonable and proper budget for promotion. 3. Strengthen the innovative development culture of household registration organization, and cultivate the overall marketing team. 4. A sound evaluation mechanism should be established for the marketing of public policies 5. Although the promotion of comprehensive change of national identity cards used different marketing channels, measures should still be strengthened on how to integrate different communication tools effectively. 6. Strengthen the public¡¦s rights of their awareness of the use of identity cards. The government has the responsibility and obligation to teach the public use of identity cards. The conclusions made by the study are that national identity card system is not a system that has to be existed in all countries. Each country can determine the necessary of offering identity cards to the citizens according to the country¡¦s idea of system. Under the national identity card system constructed in Taiwan, the nature of national identity card is to ¡§prove¡¨ that a citizen possesses the archive of his/her nationality. It also refers that national identity card is a document that cites the nationality relationship between a citizen of his/her country. Under this system, all the citizens of Taiwan are obliged to collect their national identity cards, and have the rights to ask for offering them. Therefore, the people of Taiwan should be cautious about the importance, safekeeping and use of national identity cards. The government should more positively bear the responsibility of strengthening the concept of ruling by laws because the maintenance of social stability depends on the people¡¦s practices and compliance with laws. Keywords: national identity card, household registration system, SWOT analysis of trend, relationship marketing, development culture, public policy marketing, national identity card system, concept of ruling by laws

The aim of this paper is to study how multiculturalism is expressed in the Swedish labour market policy. The method used for the investigation is a discourse analysis which study social and political processes in the society as created through language. The perspective of the discourse analysis is a social construction that considers that language is a social production created in a discursive way. It produces and reflects social process in the language. By using theories of national identity and multiculturalism we aim to investigate how multiculturalism is expressed in the labour market policy. With this method we aim to analyze the discourse of a political report made 2008 by the current government about integration strategies in Sweden. The conclusion of the study is that the different socio-economical positions existing between groups create categories in the Swedish society and those differences are more persistent among ethnocultural groups. This situation exposes a clear difference between the majority population and the ethnocultural groups. In order to prevent a wider difference between the two groups, the government has elaborated strategies to improve the opportunities of the ethnocultural groups for a rapid integration in the society. The actions taken will provide them with the necessary tools to empower the ethno cultural groups and enable them to enter in the labour market and make them responsible of their own situation. The government is presented as the key actor for promotion of democratic values with the overall priority of preventing exclusion and promotes social and economic growth in the country.

Tapatumo paieškos šiandieniniame pasaulyje tampa neatsiejamos nuo žmogaus kasdienybės. Pastaruoju metu vis dažniau diskutuojame apie pilietinės visuomenės problemas, toleranciją, seksualines ir tautines mažumas. Šios diskusijos tampa glaudžiai susijusios su visuomenių tyrimais. Šio magistrinio darbo pagrindinis tikslas yra ištirti kokios nacionalinio tapatumo charakteristikos dominuoja Lietuvoje, Latvijoje ir Estijoje 2004 – 2011 m. ir jas palyginti. Šiam tikslui įgyvendinti pasirinktas pagrindinis darbo objektas yra Lietuvos, Latvijos ir Estijos nacionalinės tapatybės. Per pagrindinius darbo su šaltiniais metodus – analizę, taikomą analizuoti apklausų statistiką, bei lyginamąjį metodą, kuriuo buvo lyginami trijų Baltijos valstybių nacionalinių bei regioninių tapatybių bruožai, buvo siekta atsakyti į pagrindines iškeltas darbo problemas - kuo paremti nacionaliniai tapatumai? kiek valstybių tapatumai yra monolitiški ir kiek jie yra pajėgūs priimti kitas tapatumo rūšis? Uždaviniai skambėjo taip: išskirti ir išanalizuoti etnolingvistinės, pilietinės ir regioninės tapatybės modelių pagrindinius kriterijus, ištirti ar etnolingvistinis ir pilietinis nacionaliniai tapatumai išskiria vienas kitą ar papildo Baltijos šalyse, išanalizuoti kiek trijų Baltijos valstybių nacionaliniai tapatumai pajėgūs priimti viršnacionalinę tapatybę ir kiek jie skaidosi į regioninę tapatybę, ištirti, kokią valstybių visuomenę – atvirą ar uždarą atskleidžia tapatybių modelių tyrimas Lietuvoje, Latvijoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Nowadays the search of identity become concurrent with casual people‘s life. Recently an increasing number of discussion about problems of civil society, tolerance, sexual and ethnic minorites. These discussions are related with national identity analysis. The main aim of this master thesis is to find out what characteristics of national identitiės are dominant in Lithaunia, Latvia and Estonia in 2004 – 2011 years and to compare them. The primary and key surveying object is national identities. The methods used in this work were: analysis which was applied to analize the statistics of surveys and another method was comparison of national and regional features of identities of Baltic States. By using these methods main problems such as: how are based national identities? Are they monolithic enough? Are they able to accept other types of identities? were carried out. One of the tasks was to distinct and analize the main criterias of ethnolinguistic, civil and regional identity models. Another task was to find out whether ethnolinguistic and civil national identities distincts or adds to each other in the Baltic States. Third task was to analize if national identities of three Baltic States are able to accept supranational identity and to reveal if it is possible to disintegrate into regional identity. The last task was to find out whether societies in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia are inclusive or exclusive. All these problems were explained by carrying out these tasks. ... [to full text]