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Background: NICU experiences pose significant challenges for parents, especially immigrants, necessitating comprehensive support. South Asian immigrants, comprising 25% of Canada's visible minority population, face unique adversities related to gender roles, hindering access to essential health services and integration. Coupled with unfavourable social determinants of health (SDoH), these challenges worsen issues like inadequate prenatal care, education, and nutrition, predictors of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Existing studies lack insight into the specific experiences of South Asian immigrant mothers in the NICU. This study investigates these experiences. Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we recruited four participants for semi-structured interviews, supplemented by a demographic questionnaire and participant observation. Qualitative content analysis was employed for data analysis. Findings: Four key themes were identified from the interviews: (1) Seeking Understanding, (2) Cultural Influence on NICU Experience, (3) Motherhood Journey, and (4) Circle of Care. Implications: This study fills a gap in NICU research for South Asian immigrant women, providing a foundation for future nursing research and practice. It underscores the importance of communication and preparation for discharge delays to ease parental concerns. Additionally, it emphasizes culturally sensitive care practices and encourages further exploration of cultural influences on hospital experiences. Insights from this study can benefit other ethno-racial immigrant groups. / Thesis / Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) / Existing research offers insights into the general challenges and distress often associated with mothers' experiences in the NICU. However, there is little evidence to understand the specific experiences of South Asian immigrant mothers within this context. The objective of this thesis is to describe and understand the experiences in the NICU reported by this population. Employing a qualitative description methodology, this study engaged four eligible participants. Data collection entailed semi-structured interviews alongside a demographic questionnaire. Employing qualitative content analysis, four overarching themes were identified: (1) Seeking to Understand, (2) The Impact of South Asian Culture on the NICU Experience, (3) Becoming a Mother One Step at a Time, and (4) Circle of Care.

Yes / Aim and Objectives: To explore fathers' views and experiences of providing Kangaroo Care (KC) to their baby cared for in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Kangaroo Care has been known to improve the health outcome for preterm, low birth weight and medically vulnerable term infants and achieve the optimal perinatal health wellbeing for parents and infants. Historically, mothers are considered as the dominant KC providers, whereas fathers are spectators and have been overlooked. Little is known about the fathers' perspectives in providing KC in NICUs. Methods: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 fathers who delivered KC to their baby when in the NICU. Data were analysed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematical framework. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist was followed to report this qualitative study. Findings: Fathers in this study identified they were passing a silent language of love and connecting with their baby by the act of KC in a challenging environment. Three themes emerged: ‘Positive psychological connection’, ‘Embracing father-infant Kangaroo Care’ and ‘Challenges to father-infant Kangaroo Care’. Conclusion: The findings of this study show KC enhances the bonding and attachment between fathers and infants. The conceptualisation of the paternal role in caregiving to a newborn is evolving as a contemporary practice. Further research is warranted to confirm or refute the study findings. Policies and facilities should be modified to include father–infant KC within the fields of neonatal care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is important for nurses and other health professionals to support and enable fathers to give KC. Father–infant KC is recommended in neonatal care settings. / Open access publishing facilitated by University of South Australia, as part of the Wiley - University of South Australia agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.

Yes / . Kangaroo care (KC) has been used widely in neonatal care to promote bonding/attachment and neurodevelopment for preterm and term infants. However, current literature suggests that research mainly focuses on infants' and mothers' experiences. The role of fathers in caring for their infant/child is changing and evolving in many countries around the globe. Yet little is known about fathers' experiences of KC in neonatal units. This review, therefore, aims to scope the current evidence of Father-infant KC (Father KC) in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Research question. What impact does KC have upon fathers when their baby is cared for in NIUCs? Search method. A scoping review was conducted and guided by the framework of Arksey and O'Malley (2005). The data sources consisted of Medline, Embase, America Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo, Emcare, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The study inclusion criteria were: (1) studies involving fathers who had experience of KC with their baby whilst in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), and other neonatal care settings, such as Special Care Baby Nursery (SCBU), delivery/labour room and postnatal ward; (2) literature published from 2000 to 2020; (3) primary studies including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies; (4) studies published in English. Results. The total number of studies identified were 13. Seven studies were qualitative and six were quantitative. None were mixed methods. Studies reported several positive KC benefits on fathers, such as reduced stress, promotion of paternal role and enhanced father-infant bond. It was highlighted that KC could be time-consuming for fathers and challenging to practise when balancing work and family life commitments. Conclusion. This review provides evidence that KC practice has health and wellbeing benefits for fathers and infants in NICUs and other relevant neonatal care settings, The findings of this review support the justification to promote Father KC in NICU environments, and guide policies to include father involvement. Implementing Father KC in NICU settings will assist fathers to care and connect with their baby. Further research is needed to explore how to facilitate and evaluate KC education for fathers from diverse s and cultures.

Darbo tikslas – ištirti neišnešiotų naujagimių tėvų poreikius naujagimių intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje. Uždaviniai: 1.Nustatyti tėvų poreikius, remiantis tėvų ir slaugytojų požiūriu. 2.Palyginti tėvų poreikius atskirose poreikių grupėse, remiantis tėvų ir slaugytojų požiūriu. 3.Palyginti tėvų poreikius atskirose poreikių grupėse, remiantis mamų ir tėčių požiūriu. 4. Nustatyti ryšius tarp neišnešiotų naujagimių tėvų poreikių ir jų socialinių bei demografinių charakteristikų. 5.Atskleisti mamų, gulinčių ligoninėje kartu su savo neišnešiotais naujagimiais, poreikius ir lūkesčius. Hipotezės 1.Tėvų požiūriu, neišnešiotų naujagimių tėvams naujagimių intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje svarbiausi yra informacijos poreikiai. 2.Neišnešiotų naujagimių tėvai naujagimių intensyviosios terapijos skyriuje ir slaugytojai, dirbantys šiame skyriuje, skirtingai vertina visas penkias tėvų poreikių grupes. Kokybinio tyrimo klausimas - Kokie yra mamų, gulinčių ligoninėje kartu su savo neišnešiotais naujagimiais, poreikiai ir lūkesčiai? / The aim of the study was to analyze the needs of parents who have premature newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Objectives of the study: 1.To identify the needs of parents perceived by parents themselves and by nurses. 2.To compare the parents’ and nurses’ perceptions of parental needs in all needs subscales. 3.To compare the mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of parental needs in all needs subscales. 4.To determine the relation between parental needs and their socio-demographic characteristics. 5.To reveal the needs and expectations of mothers while being hospitalized with their premature newborns. Hypotheses 1.Parents who have premature newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit identify informational needs as the most important subscale of needs. 2.The perceptions of parental needs by parents who have premature newborns in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and by nurses who work in this unit are different in all subscales of needs. Qualitative research question - What are the needs and expectations as expressed by mothers while being hospitalized with their premature newborns?

SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Att studera föräldrars upplevelse av att kunna tolka sitt barns behov och mående samt upplevda kompetens i föräldrarollen efter att barnet har vårdats på neonatalavdelning. Metod: En jämförande kvantitativ studie med deskriptiv explorativ design som är en del av ett större projekt som genomförts vid två neonatalavdelningar i Sverige. En vecka efter barnets utskrivning från neonatalavdelningen samt vid två månaders korrigerad ålder fick barnets mamma och pappa varsin enkät, innehållande bland annat en föräldra-attitydskala, hemskickad. Insamlade data matades in i Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) och redovisades med deskriptiv (md; median och range; minimum och maximum) och jämförande statistik (Chi-2-test och Mann-Whitney U-test). Resultat: En enda signifikant skillnad kunde ses mellan de två neonatalavdelningarna och det gällde föräldrarnas upplevelse att barnet tyckte om kontakt från dem i form av deras doft. På neonatalavdelning 2 svarade föräldrarna i högre grad att detta påstående stämde en vecka efter barnets utskrivning från neonatalavdelningen. Inga andra signifikanta skillnader ses vid jämförelsen av föräldrarnas enkätsvar från de två neonatalavdelningarna. Slutsats: Den enda signifikant skillnad som kunde ses anses av flera orsaker inte vara av särskilt hög betydelse. Följaktligen kan inga väsentliga skillnader ses mellan föräldrarnas upplevelse av sitt barns behov och mående samt upplevda kompetens i föräldrarollen beroende på om barnet vårdats på en neonatalavdelning där föräldrarna fick bo med sitt barn under hela vårdtiden och tidigt involveras i sitt barns vård eller om barnets vårdats på en neonatalavdelning med mindre föräldranärvaro. / ABSTRACT Aim: Studying parents' experience of being able to interpret their child's needs and well-being, and perceived competence in parenting after the child has been cared for in the neonatal unit. Method: A comparative quantitative study with a descriptive exploratory design that is part of a larger project conducted at two neonatal units in Sweden. A week after the child's discharge from the neonatal unit and at two months' corrected age, the child’s mother and father received a questionnaire sent to their home, containing among other things a parental attitude scale. Collected data were fed into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented with descriptive (md; median and range; minimum and maximum) and comparative statistics (Chi-2 test and Mann-Whitney U test). Results: Only one significant difference was seen between the two neonatal wards and it was regarding the parents' experience that the child enjoyed contact from them in terms of their fragrance. In the neonatal unit 2 parents agreed to a greater extent that this claim was true a week after the child's discharge from the neonatal unit. No other significant differences were seen when comparing the parents' questionnaire responses from the two neonatal wards. Conclusion: The only significant difference that was found was for several reasons not considered to be of very high importance. Consequently, no significant differences was found between the parents perception of their child's needs and well-being, and perceived competence in the parental role, depending on whether the child received care in a neonatal unit where the parents were allowed to stay with their child throughout the whole hospital stay and early get involved in their child's care or if the child was admitted to a neonatal unit with less opportunity for parental presence.

Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer a health benefit to the host. The literature strongly supports the benefits of probiotic therapy in preterm infant populations, specifically in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and mortality. To this end, probiotics are routinely given to premature infants in several European and Asian countries. However, in spite of the current evidence and neonatal feeding practices elsewhere, probiotic supplements are rarely prescribed in nurseries in North America. Furthermore, there is little or no literature on factors which affect clinical decision-making regarding probiotic supplementation. The study implemented a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The purpose of this study was to: (i) describe current practices involving probiotic supplementation of preterm infant enteral feeds; and (ii) identify factors that affect willingness of health care professionals to support the use of probiotics. Probiotic use was examined in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) in Canada and the United States using two cross-sectional internet-based surveys. Survey #1 focused on current practices and targeted neonatologists who serve as clinical directors or department heads. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Survey #2 addressed factors that affect probiotic supplementation of preterm infant feedings, and had two versions: the first version targeted physicians and nurse practitioners whereas version 2 targeted neonatal nurses. The development of Survey #2 was guided by the Theoretical Domain Framework which evaluates factors which may affect the willingness of Health Care Professionals to support the use of probiotics in neonatal practice. The results of survey #2 were analysed using Chi-Square, Fisher’s Exact Test, and One-Way ANOVA. The results of the study indicated that only a small proportion of NICUs are administering probiotics to preterm infants and practices vary. The most significant factors influencing clinical decision-making regarding probiotic supplementation were knowledge about probiotics and the evidence, perceptions about the evidence and safety of probiotics, and knowledge about probiotics and clinical guidelines. Improving knowledge about probiotics, addressing safety issues of probiotics products, expanding the evidence base, and developing clinical guidelines may contribute to increased use of probiotics in NICUs. / October 2016

Considerando-se que as experiências não dolorosas também causam desequilíbrio em recém nascidos pré-termo (RNPT) e eventos físicos, psicológicos e sociais que resultam em reações excessivas e dificuldade de enfrentamento, são geradores de estresse, fazazendo-se necessário estudar as reações dos prematuros a essas situações não dolorosas e habituais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). O estudo teve como objetivo: Avaliar a reatividade do RNPT aos cuidados de rotina em uma UTIN. Trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo, exploratório. A amostra foi constituída por 17 RNPT, internados na UTIN, de um hospital do interior paulista, cujas mães ou responsável aceitaram a participação dos mesmos na pesquisa. Após a aprovação pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa iniciou-se a coleta de dados, sendo os dados de caracterizações maternas e neonatais coletados dos prontuários e os relacionados aos procedimentos de rotina (banho, cuidado agrupado para a higiene e conforto e exame físico médico) e reatividade dos RNPT, coletados a partir das filmagens para posterior análise. Os parâmetros fisiológicos (FC e SatO²) foram registrados minuto a minuto, durante os períodos: basal, manipulação e recuperação. A mímica facial, foi avaliada nos períodos: basal, recuperação 1 e 2 e as Atividades Corporais e Estados de Sono e vigília, nos períodos: basal, de manipulação e recuperação. Para as FC e SatO², foi utilizado o teste estatístico de Wilcoxon para comparar se houve variação significativa entre os períodos, com nível de significância de 5%. A reatividade comportamental dos RNPT foi avaliada através das proporções das atividades faciais e através da distribuição de frequência e de porcentagem dos estados de sono e vigília e movimentação corporal, possibilitando a descrição das mais frequentes em cada um dos períodos avaliados nos diferentes cuidados de rotina dos RNPT. No Banho as medianas das FC variaram entre os períodos: basal, manipulação e recuperação, sendo respectivamente de: 151,5, 152,9 e 149,2 bpm. Os valores medianos para a SatO² foram: 97,2% 98,1% e 97,9% na mesma sequência. Não houve diferença estatística entre os períodos avaliados para estas variáveis. No cuidado agrupado as medianas das FC variaram entre os períodos sendo: 159,1, 158 e 157,5 respectivamente. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante para a FC entre os períodos basal e de recuperação, com p<0,05 (0,047). Para a SatO², os valores medianos foram: 97%; 97% e 97,1% respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatística entre os períodos analisados para esta variável. No exame físico médico as medianas das FC variaram entre: 153,5, 153,8 e 153,8 bpm nos períodos. Os valores medianos para a SatO² foram: 98,4%, 98% e 97,8%, na mesma sequência. Não houve diferença estatística entre os períodos avaliados para estas variáveis. No banho os valores proporcionais medianos da mímica facial variaram entre: 16,7%, 20%, e zero respectivamente nos períodos basal, Recuperação 1 e 2. No cuidado agrupado os valores foram: zero, 20% e 10%. Zero, 2,5% e zero, foram os valores nos respectivos períodos no exame físico médico. Não houve muita variação na freqüência das atividades Corporais nem nas freqüências dos estados de Sono e Vigília entre os períodos avaliados nos diferentes cuidados avaliados, sendo que prevaleceram movimentos regulares, pequenos, relaxado (AC1) e o estado de sono ativo, exceto no período de manipulação no banho, que prevaleceu o choro. Embora as avaliações tenham se dado nos cuidados de rotina, houve presença de 5,9% de aspiração de VAS, considerada por alguns autores como um procedimento doloroso. Os resultados apontaram ainda o uso da sacarose em 3 (17,6%) cuidados agrupados para a higiene e conforto. Mostrase necessária a revisão da aplicação protocolo do uso dessa solução na instituição para que esta não seja oferecida indiscriminadamente em situações que não envolvam procedimentos dolorosos. Sinalizamos a necessidade de rever alguns procedimentos de rotina aplicados nos RNPT, visando à diminuição do estresse por eles vivenciado / Considering that non-painful experiences also cause imbalance in preterm newborns (PTNB) and that physical, psychological and social events which result in excessive reactions and difficulty in coping are also stressing factors for them, it is necessary to study the reactions of premature infants to these non-painful and habitual situations in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This study aimed to: evaluate the PTNB reactions to routine care in a NICU. This is an observational, descriptive, exploratory study. The sample consisted of 17 PTNB infants admitted to the NICU of a hospital in the interior of São Paulo, whose mothers or guardians accepted their participation in the study. This study was approved by Research Ethics Committees for data collection. Maternal and neonatal characterization data were collected from the medical records and those related to routine procedures (bathing, grouped care for hygiene and comfort, and medical physical examination) and PTNB reactions by filming for later analysis. Physiological parameters (HR and SatO2) were recorded minute by minute, during the periods: basal, manipulation and recovery. Facial mimetic was evaluated in the periods: basal, recovery 1 and 2 and body activities and asleep and awake states, in the periods: basal, manipulation and recovery. For HR and SatO2, the Wilcoxon statistical test was used to compare if there was a significant variation between the periods, with a significance level of 5%. The behavioral reactivity of the PTNBs was evaluated through the proportions of the facial activities and through the frequency and percentage distributions of the asleep and awake states and body movement. This procedure allowed the description of the most frequent behavioral reactivities in each of the periods evaluated in the different steps of routine care of the PTNBs. During bath, the HR medians varied between the periods: basal, manipulation and recovery, being respectively: 151.5, 152.9 and 149.2 bpm. The median values for SatO2 were: 97.2% 98.1% and 97.9% respectively. There was no statistical difference between the periods evaluated for these variables. In grouped care the median HR varied between the periods, as given: 159.1, 158 and 157.5 respectively. There was a statistically significant difference for HR between the basal and recovery periods, with p <0.05 (0.047). For SatO², the median values were: 97%; 97% and 97.1%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the periods analyzed for this variable. For medical physical examination the median HR varied between: 153.5, 153.8 and 153.8 bpm in the mentioned periods. The median values for SatO² were: 98.4%, 98% and 97.8%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the periods evaluated for these variables. During bath, the median values of facial mime ranged from: 16.7%, 20%, and zero respectively in the basal periods, recovery 1 and 2. In grouped care the values were: zero, 20% and 10%. Zero, 2.5% and zero, were the values considering the same periods in the medical physical examination. There was not statistically significant variation either in the frequency of body activities or in the frequencies of asleep and awake states between the periods established in the different caring types evaluated, prevailing regular, small, relaxed movements (AC1) and active asleep state, except in the manipulation during bath, for which crying prevailed. Although evaluations have taken place in routine care, there was a 5.9% of aspiration of VAS, considered by some authors as a painful procedure. The results also indicated the use of sucrose in 3 (17.6%) grouped care for hygiene and comfort. It is necessary to reevaluate the protocol for application of the use of this solution in the institution so that it is not offered indiscriminately in situations which do not involve painful procedures. We highlight the need to review some routine procedures applied to PTNBs, aiming to reduce the stress experienced by them

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:27:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luciana correa.pdf: 746120 bytes, checksum: 09a2aa7fea7c4deef3b1adf8c970878b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Objective: Assess the characteristics of late pre term newborns admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study with all the patients in the neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in a mid-size city, between January 2011 and December 2012. Perinatal and neonatal variables were avalued throughout hospitalization. Results: The study population consisted of 330 patients. Newborns under 33 weeks of gestational age accounted for 50% of hospitalizations, late preterm infants, for 27,3% and full-term newborns, for 20%. The majority of the population had adequate weight for gestational age, with a rate of 67.8% among late preterm. Over seventy percent of the general population and those born cesarean; whose primary indication was fetal distress. The main cause of hospitalization for all groups was infant respiratory distress syndrome, accounting for 70% of admissions of late preterm. Sepsis reached 66.7% of this group requiring several therapeutic measures during hospitalization. The mortality rate of late preterm infants was 5.6%, the lowest among groups of gestational age. Conclusion: The need for emergency neonatal care and increased occupancy rate in intensive care units show us the importance of this premature group and warns us that are not functionally "near term" and that their particularities physiological and metabolic put them on a different level to be disregarded at the time of his birth / Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e as características dos recém-nascidos prematuros tardios admitidos em uma unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo com todos os pacientes internados na unidade de tratamento intensivo neonatal de um hospital universitário, entre Janeiro de 2011 e Dezembro 2012. Variáveis perinatais e neonatais foram avaliadas durante todo período de internação. Resultados: A população do estudo foi constituída de 330 pacientes. Recém-nascidos com idade gestacional menor ou igual a 33 semanas foram responsáveis por 53,3% das internações, prematuros tardios por 27,3% e nascidos a termo por 20%. A maioria da população tinha peso adequado para a idade gestacional, com uma taxa de 67,8% entre os pré-termos tardios. Mais de setenta por cento destes e da população geral nasceram de cesareana; cuja principal indicação foi sofrimento fetal agudo. A principal causa de internação para todos os grupos foi síndrome do desconforto respiratório, responsável por 70% das admissões dos prematuros tardios. Sepse atingiu 66,7% deste grupo que necessitou de várias medidas terapêuticas durante a internação. A taxa de mortalidade dos pré-termos tardios foi de 5,6%, a mais baixa dentre os grupos de idade gestacional. Conclusão: A necessidade de atendimento emergencial neonatal e a crescente taxa de ocupação de leitos de intensivismo nos demonstra a importância deste grupo de prematuros e nos alerta que funcionalmente não são quase a termo 60 e que suas particularidades fisiometabólicas os colocam num patamar diferenciado que devem ser respeitados no momento do seu nascimento

Nas últimas semanas gestacionais ocorrem importantes alterações na atividade cerebral, tornando-se relevante monitorar o desenvolvimento neurológico de recém-nascidos pré-termos tardios (RNPT-T). Além disso, com os avanços nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais (UTIN) os profissionais de reabilitação, fisioterapeutas (FT), terapeutas ocupacionais (TO) e fonoaudiólogos (FG), são considerados integrantes fundamentais na equipe multidisciplinar. Objetivo: (1) avaliar o estado neurocomportamental de recém-nascidos (RNs) de 36 a 36 semanas e 6 dias de idade gestacional (IG) e de 37 a 37 semanas e 6 dias de IG; (2) examinar o papel atual dos profissionais de reabilitação (FT, TO e FG) nas UTINs canadenses e comparar com os dados de um survey de 15 anos atrás. Método: (1) Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal. A amostra foi definida por conveniência e constitui-se de 20 RNs, sendo 8 RNPT-Ts e 12 recém-nascidos a termo (RNT), de ambos os sexos, internados no Alojamento Conjunto do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Foi realizada uma avaliação do desenvolvimento neurocomportamental através da Neurobehavioral Assessment Preterm Infant (NAPI), em que os bebês foram avaliados em uma sequência invariável nos sete domínios da escala: sinal do cachecol, desenvolvimento motor/vigor, ângulo poplíteo, alerta e orientação, irritabilidade, qualidade do choro e percentual adormecido. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva dos dados. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação dos escores entre os RNPT-T e RNT e comparação entre o gênero e o teste-t de Student para duas amostras independentes foi utilizado para a comparação do grupo de RNPT-T com três estudos nacionais envolvendo o NAPI. (2) Trata-se de um survey do tipo entrevista, via telefone no qual foi conduzido em todas as UTINs canadenses que integram a Canadian Neonatal Network. Um total de 42 questionários foi completado proveniente de 31 instituições de saúde canadenses. Foram realizadas uma análise descritiva das variáveis e a comparação dos dados com o survey realizado há 15 anos.O teste Exato de Fisher foi utilizado para investigar a relação entre a disponibilidade do profissional de reabilitação e o tipo de intervenção por ele conduzida. Em ambos os estudos foi adotado o valor de p 0,05. Resultados: (1) Não houve diferença significativa entre os escores do NAPI comparados entre os grupos RNPT-T e RNT. Houve diferença significativa entre o grupo de RNPT-T com os outros três estudos, em todos os domínios da escala NAPI. (2) Pelo menos um profissional de reabilitação oferece serviço em hospitais pediátrico, adulto e geral. Os profissionais participam de grupos para promover a educação do processo do cuidado, principalmente para os membros da equipe multidisciplinar das unidades e para os pais e familiares dos RNs. Além disso, estão envolvidos com discussão de caso, processo de tomada de decisão, planejamento da alta hospitalar e referenciam RNs para outros serviços. Em relação às intervenções, splinting e amamentação, foram identificadas como sendo atividades realizadas mais por TO, sendo que fisioterapia respiratória e exercícios que englobam amplitude de movimento são realizados mais por FT. Conclusão: (1) Não há diferenças entre o grupo RNPT-T e RNT em relação ao desenvolvimento neurocomportamental na amostra estudada. Os RNPT-Ts demonstram-se mais acordados e ativos durante a avaliação, entretanto, com baixo estado de alerta e orientação, sugerindo que atenção em fatores ambientais e ações no cuidado do RNPT-T na unidade de alojamento conjunto devem ser investigadas. (2) Ao longo da última década, as mudanças no papel dos profissionais de reabilitação evidenciaram maior participação com a equipe multidisciplinar, colaboração nas discussões e planejamento das atividades nas unidades, educação continuada e maior tempo despendido no cuidado com os RNs nas UTINs. / Neonatal neurobehavioral examinations describe newborns behavioral repertoire and observable responses to environmental stimulus and in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), rehabilitation specialists are considered an integral part of the multidisciplinary team. New approaches to rehabilitation practice have evolved to promote child health and developmental outcomes. Aim: This study aimed (1) to evaluate the neurobehavioral of healthy late preterm (LP) and full-term infants (FTI) using Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Preterm Infant (NAPI). (2) To describe the current roles in the NICU of the occupational therapist (OT), physical therapist (PT) and speech language pathologist (SLP) in Canadian NICU and compared to these roles documented 15 years ago. Method: (1) In this cross-sectional study, 20 babies were assessed. Eight infants born with 36 weeks gestational age (GA) and 6 days late preterm group (LPG) 12 infants born with 37 weeks GA and 6 days the full-term infants (FTI) in a tertiary health care institution of São Paulo state, Brazil were assessed 24 hour after birth, using NAPI. The infants were assessed in seven clusters of NAPI: scarf sign, motor development and vigor, popliteal angle, alertness and orientation, irritability, cry quality and percent asleep ratings. A descriptive analysis was conducted and Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison between groups and Students t test for two independent sample was conducted for comparison with three Brazilian studies. (2) In total, 42 questionnaires were completed from rehabilitation departments in 31 Canadian health care institutions. A descriptive analysis was conducted and The Fisher Exact Test was conducted to investigate the relationship between availability of rehabilitation specialist and type of intervention. In both studies the p value was 0,05. Results: (1) There was no statistical difference between LPG and FTI groups. The infants of LPG group were more awake during the NAPI exam, although with lower alertness and orientation score. (2) Results demonstrate that all have some rehabilitation coverage and they provide service in pediatric, general and adult hospitals. All therapists provide education to staff and to families. Typically therapists are involved with case discussion, decision-making, referrals to other services and discharge planning. Splinting and feeding were most often carried out by OT whereas chest physiotherapy and range of motion (ROM) were predominantly accomplished by PT. Conclusion: (1) The comparison between LPG and FTI showed no statistical difference. New strategies in terms of care must be stimulated in the unit of data collect to promote best practice in late preterm infants. (2) Changes to the role of rehabilitation specialists over the last decade were perceived as participation with the NICU team, education and training, collaboration and discussion and modifications/interventions.