Este estudo teve como trajetória desvelar o fenômeno: enfermeira no cuidado ao recém-nascido e aos seus pais na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIn), e a sua ação na formação de vínculo afetivo. Para tanto, objetivou: conhecer a vivência da enfermeira no cuidado ao recém-nascido e aos seus pais na UTIn; compreender como as enfermeiras vivenciam o processo de vínculo afetivo entre recém-nascidos internados em UTIn e seus pais, e apreender o típico da vivência das enfermeiras em ações que envolvem este cuidado. Com tal proposta, optou-se por realizar uma pesquisa qualitativa, segundo a abordagem da fenomenologia social, com base nas questões norteadoras: Como você, enfermeira, vivencia o cuidado ao recém-nascido na UTIn e aos seus pais? O que você espera com o seu atendimento? Dos discursos das enfermeiras, identificou-se categorias concretas do vivido, que expressam aspectos significativos da vivência, considerando os motivos por que e os motivos para que determinam a relação de suas ações e que foram interpretadas, segundo o referencial de Alfred Schütz. Por meio da análise dessas categorias, chegou-se ao tipo vivido do grupo social \"enfermeira que atua em UTIn junto aos recém-nascidos e aos seus pais\" como sendo: aquela que é competente técnica e cientificamente no cuidado ao recém-nascido de risco, prioriza o cuidado em rotinas e protocolos, mas sente-se despreparada para lidar com os pais dos neonatos. Devido a esse contexto, percebe-se a necessidade de aprimorar seus conhecimentos sobre humanização e relações humanas, para poder informar e preparar esses pais sobre o ambiente, equipamentos da UTIn, a fim de que possam continuar o cuidado ao filho em casa e, conseqüentemente, conquistar a valorização e a confiança desses pais. Reconhece ser o elo de aproximação entre eles, ajudando-os, juntamente com a instituição, a aceitarem e a conviverem com o filho internado, favorecendo, assim, a formação do vínculo afetivo. A Sociologia Fenomenológica de Alfred Schütz possibilitou a compreensão dos motivos existenciais que apontam para um cuidar mais humanizado aos recém-nascidos internados na UTIn e aos seus pais, por meio de aprimoramento, informação e preparo, conquista do reconhecimento e confiança desses pais e ações que promovam o contato humano, favorecendo a formação de vínculo afetivo entre pais e filhos / The trajectory of this study was to unveil the phenomenon: nurse in care for newborn infants and their parents at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and her action in affective bonding. Therefore, the goal was to: get to know the nurse\'s experience in care delivery to newborn infants and their parents at the NICU; understand how the nurses experience the affective bonding process between newborn infants hospitalized at the NICU and their parents, and to apprehend what is typical about the nurses\' experience in actions involving this care. With this goal, a qualitative design was chosen, according to the social phenomenology approach, based on the following guiding questions: How do you, nurse, experience care delivery to newborn infants at the NICU and their parents? What do you expect to achieve through your care? Based on the nurses\' discourse, concrete categories were identified, which express significant aspects of the experience, considering the reasons why and the reasons for that determine the relation among their actions and that were interpreted according to the reference framework of Alfred Schütz. The analysis of these categories led to the type experienced by the social group \"nurse in care for newborn infants and their parents at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit\" as: technically and scientifically competent in care for newborn infants at risk, prioritizes care in routines and protocols, but feels unprepared to deal with the newborns\' parents. Due to this context, the need is perceived to improve their knowledge about humanization and human relations, to be able to prepare and inform these parents about the environment, NICU equipment, so that they can continue care for their child at home and, consequently, conquer these parents\' valuation and trust. The nurse is acknowledged as the link that approximates them, helping them, together with the institution, to accept and to live with their hospitalized child, thus favoring affective bonding. Alfred Schütz\' Phenomenological Sociology made it possible to understand the existential reasons that point towards a more humanized care for newborn infants at the NICU and for their parents, through continuing education, information and preparation, conquest of these parents\' acknowledgement and trust and actions that promote human contact, thus favoring affective bonding between parents and children

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2017-02-06T16:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) MOACIR - COLACAO DE GRAU.pdf: 952400 bytes, checksum: cf1220b9ea48d66bbb08238d3948a002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-06T16:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) MOACIR - COLACAO DE GRAU.pdf: 952400 bytes, checksum: cf1220b9ea48d66bbb08238d3948a002 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-02 / Espécies de Candida spp. são a principal causa de infecção fúngica nas unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatais. A mortalidade bruta para candidemia nestes pacientes varia entre 15 e 59%. O atual método padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de candidemia neonatal é a hemocultura, porém, o método não é tão efetivo como necessário e os critérios clínicos associados à presença de fatores de risco são fundamentais para o início de antifúngicos. A detecção do DNA da Candida spp. pela MT-PCR pode proporcionar um diagnóstico rápido e confiável em pacientes de alto risco. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de candidemia diagnosticada por hemocultura e MT-PCR em recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, bem como identificar as espécies e seu perfil de susceptibilidade aos antifúngicos e descrever os fatores de risco relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento. Método: Estudo observacional, prospectivo, analítico tipo coorte onde foram acompanhados todos os recémnascidos internados em UTI neonatal com mais de 48 horas de internamento, avaliando a presença de fatores de risco para candidemia, através de hemocultura e MT-PCR, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2010. Candidemia foi definida como a presença de sinais e sintomas de infecção e isolamento de Candida spp. em hemocultura de acordo com os critérios da Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2009. Foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado para verificar possível diferença entre frequências das variáveis e o teste t-Student em amostras independentes para verificar possível diferença na média das variáveis. Foi adotado um nível de 5% de significância. Resultados: Foram acompanhados 205 recém-nascidos. Deste total, 37(18,0%) dos pacientes foram a óbito ao final do estudo. Sepse foi observada em 68(33,2%) dos recém-nascidos, e sepse documentada laboratorialmente ocorreu em 38(18,5%). Onze pacientes apresentaram candidemia (5,4%) e a MT-PCR foi positiva para Candida spp. em 24(11,7%). A incidência de candidemia no período de estudo foi de 2,55 por 1000 pacientes-dia. Após 28 dias do diagnóstico, dos onze pacientes que apresentaram candidemia comprovada, seis (54,5%) evoluíram para cura e cinco (45,5%) foram a óbito. A Candida parapsilosis foi a espécie mais isolada nas hemoculturas (63,6%). Em relação à MT-PCR, a Candida glabrata foi a mais prevalente (41,7%). Na avaliação do antifungigrama, todas as amostras de Candida spp. foram sensíveis a anfotericina B e 90,9% foram sensíveis ao fluconazol. Na análise dos fatores de risco, nos pacientes que evoluíram com candidemia e naqueles com MT-PCR positiva para Candida spp., observou-se maior frequência e maior tempo de uso dos procedimentos de risco quando comparados à população geral. Conclusões: Como os marcadores laboratoriais são inespecíficos para o diagnóstico, a associação dos dois métodos permitiu a identificação de um maior número de casos de candidemia. Os fatores de risco com maior impacto para candidemia foram hemotransfusão, uso e tempo de antimicrobiano, uso de CVC, uso e tempo de NPT, tempo de PICC, tempo de VMA, além de tempo de internamento na UTI. / Candida species are the leading cause of fungal infection in the neonatal intensive care units. The total mortality for candidemia in these patients ranges from 15 to 59%. The current gold standard for diagnosis of neonatal candidemia is the blood culture but the method is not as effective as needed and the clinical criteria associated with the presence of risk factors are essential for the initiation of antifungal agents. The detection of Candida DNA by MT-PCR can provide a fast and reliable diagnosis in patients at high risk. Objective: To determine the frequency of candidemia diagnosed by blood culture and MT-PCR in newborn infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, as well as to identify the species and its susceptibility profile to antifungals and describe the risk factors related to its development. Method: An observational, prospective, analytical study, which followed all newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit with more than 48 hours of hospitalization, evaluating the presence of risk factors for candidemia by blood culture and MT-PCR, from January to December 2010. Candidemia was defined as the presence of signs and symptoms of infection and isolation of Candida spp. recovered from blood according to the criteria of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 2009. The chi-square test was performed to check possible differences between frequencies of the variables and the t-Student test was applied to independent samples to check possible differences in the average of the variables. It was adopted a 5% level of significance. Results: Two hundred five newborns were followed. Of this total, 37 (18.0%) patients died during the study. Sepsis was observed in 68 (33.2%) of newborns, and laboratory-documented sepsis occurred in 38 (18.5%). Eleven patients had candidemia (5.4%) and MT-PCR was positive for Candida in 24 (11.7%). The incidence of candidemia in the study period was 2.55 per 1000 patient-days. After 28 days of diagnosis, among the eleven patients with proven candidemia, six (54.5%) were successfully cured and five (45.5%) died. Candida parapsilosis was the species most isolated in blood cultures (63.6%). Regarding MT-PCR, Candida glabrata was the most prevalent (41.7%). In assessing the antifungigrama, all samples of Candida were susceptible to amphotericin B and 90.9% were susceptible to fluconazole. In the analysis of risk factors in patients who developed candidemia, and those with MT-PCR positive for Candida, it was observed more frequently and longer use of the procedures of risk when compared to the general population. Conclusions: As laboratory markers are not specific for the diagnosis, the association of the two methods allowed the identification of a greater number of cases of candidemia. Risk factors for candidemia with the greatest impact were blood transfusion, use and duration of antibiotic, use of CVC, use and duration of TPN, time of PICC, AVM time, and length of stay in ICU.

Pain is responsible for physiological changes and impairment on the neurological development of the newborn, whereas it is difficult for the health professionals to evaluate and measure it. To verify the knowledge of nurses about newborn s pain evaluation and management admitted at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in a public maternity in Aracaju-Se and to compare the knowledge about pain before and after elucidation about the use of the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). This study is a research action, under quantitative approach. A questionnaire was applied to assess nurse s demographic and professional data, knowledge about pain, assistance given to a newborn with pain and strategies adopted for pain prevention and treatment. The follow up of the professional was also performed, so she could evaluate the presence or not of pain on newborn, being undergone to a painful procedure or not, through the fulfillment of the NIPS scale. Data collection occurred in the period from December of 2008 to August of 2009. Thirty nurses aging between 23 and 46 years old (32,9; ± 6,9) were enrolled in the study. All participants came to the conclusion that the newborn feels pain, both behavioral and physiological parameters were used to evaluate it. Twenty one nurses (70%) had no knowledge about any scale to evaluate newborn s pain, while only nine (30%) knew someone, at least one and maximum of three scales. During the first and second evaluations with the use of the NIPS, however without elucidation of parameters so it could be interpreted, revealed a frequency of 18 (30%) newborns diagnosed with pain and 42 (70%) infants diagnosed with no pain. The third and fourth evaluations, after elucidation about NIPS, revealed an increased number of infants diagnosed with pain (n= 39, 65%) and a decreased number of newborns diagnosed with no pain (n= 21, 35%). The nurses came to the conclusion that the newborn feels pain, both behavioral and physiological parameters were used to evaluate it, but demonstrated little knowledge about the use of pain scale. The explanation made easy and influenced positively for the evaluation and diagnosis of pain. / A dor é responsável por alterações fisiológicas e comprometimento no desenvolvimento neurológico do recém-nascido, entretanto há uma grande dificuldade em avaliá-la e mensurá-la. Verificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a avaliação e manejo da dor em neonatos admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) em uma maternidade pública em Aracaju-Se e comparar o reconhecimento da dor antes e após esclarecimentos sobre a utilização da escala de dor Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Trata-se de um estudo do tipo pesquisa-ação, sob abordagem quantitativa. Aplicou-se um questionário para levantamento de dados do enfermeiro, conhecimentos sobre dor, assistência prestada e medidas adotadas para prevenção e tratamento da dor. Realizou-se o acompanhamento do profissional para avaliação da dor em neonatos submetidos a procedimentos dolorosos ou não, preenchendo a escala NIPS. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de dezembro de 2008 a agosto de 2009. Participaram do estudo 30 enfermeiras, com idade entre 23 e 46 anos (32,9 ± 6,9). Todas reconheceram que neonato sente dor, utilizando parâmetros comportamentais e fisiológicos para avaliá-la. Vinte e uma enfermeiras (70%) desconheciam qualquer escala para avaliação da dor neonatal, enquanto nove (30%) conheciam, no mínimo, uma e, no máximo, três escalas. Durante a primeira e segunda avaliações utilizando a escala NIPS, porém sem esclarecimento de parâmetros para sua interpretação, revelou uma freqüência de 18 (30%) crianças diagnosticadas com dor e 42 (70%) crianças diagnosticadas sem dor. A terceira e quarta avaliações, após o esclarecimento sobre a escala NIPS revelaram um aumento do número de crianças diagnosticadas com dor (n= 39, 65%) e uma diminuição do número de crianças diagnosticadas sem dor (n= 21, 35%). As enfermeiras reconheceram a dor sofrida pelo recém-nascido, utilizaram parâmetros comportamentais e fiológicos para avaliá-la, porém, demonstraram pouco conhecimento sobre a utilização da escala de dor. Os esclarecimentos facilitaram e influenciaram positivamente para a avaliação e diagnóstico da dor.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-30T17:00:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloeth_piva2017.pdf: 2505630 bytes, checksum: 9aa38f0730a7dde0683dd99622d7558c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T17:00:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eloeth_piva2017.pdf: 2505630 bytes, checksum: 9aa38f0730a7dde0683dd99622d7558c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The hospitalization of the newborn in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a source of stress for the parents, affecting the parental role and the capacity of care. Thus, the present study aimed to perform the translation, cultural adaptation, psychometric validation, categorization of scores and clinical validation of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS) for Brazilian portuguese, with parents of children premature hospitalized. This is a methodological study, with quantitative analysis involving fathers and/or mothers of premature newborns admitted to the NICU or the Intermediate Care Unit (ICU) in a university in western Paraná. The cultural adaptation of the instrument attended to the sequence: (1) translation of the instrument from the source language into the target language, (2) back translation, (3) analysis of the version synthesized by a committee of judges, (4) pre-test (n=08), (5) re-examination of scores. Finally, reliability assessment with the test-retest (n=23), and validity with clinical validation (n=76). In the evaluation of the committee of judges there was agreement for the translation of 90% and Kappa of 0.71 indicating substantial agreement. The pre-test revealed an understanding of 87.5% of parents regarding the application of the instrument. The test-retest obtained an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.98 and Cronbach's Alpha of 0.92, revealing excellent stability and high internal consistency. The validity of the construct was based on the confirmatory and exploratory factorial analysis of data from 99 fathers and/or mothers. The Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test of 0.86 indicated good fit of the sample. The E model, evidenced by the exploratory factorial analysis, obtained better adjustments and supported a factorial structure in three factors: trust in parental role, parent and child interaction, and parental knowledge in the NICU. With the categorization of the scores obtained in the application of the instrument, the individuals were classified into: a) "capacity of care" (scores between 90 and 72), with 35 fathers and/or mothers; B) "moderate capacity of care" (scores between 71 to 54), with 50 fathers and/or mothers; and c) "moderate insufficiency of the capacity of care" (scores ranging from 53 to 36), with 14 fathers and/or mothers. The category "Insufficiency of the capacity of care" (scores between 35 and 18), did not obtain individuals who in this range. In the comparison between sociodemographic and clinical data, a significant statistical association was found between the parents' classification groups with the age of the children in addition to the preterm infant. And the Principal Components Analysis showed an inverse relationship between the scale scores with family income, age and maternal schooling, with a statistically significant association for the family income. The scale proved adequate and reliable for the application with fathers and/or mothers of hospitalized preterm infants, presenting themselves as a tool to guide the work of the health team. / A hospitalização do recém-nascido em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é uma fonte de estresse para os pais, repercutindo no papel parental e na sua capacidade de cuidado. Desse modo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural, validação psicométrica, categorização dos escores e validação clínica da escala Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Parental Belief Scale (NICU: PBS) para o português do Brasil, com pais de crianças prematuras hospitalizadas. Tratou-se de um estudo metodológico, com análise quantitativa, envolvendo pais e/ou as mães de recém-nascidos prematuros internados em UTIN ou em Unidade de Cuidados Intermediários (UCI) de um hospital universitário no interior do Paraná. A adaptação cultural do instrumento atendeu à sequência: (1) tradução do instrumento do idioma de origem para o idioma alvo, (2) retrotradução para o idioma de origem (back translation), (3) análise da versão sintetizada por um comitê de juízes, (4) pré-teste (n=08), (5) reexame das pontuações. Por fim, a avaliação da confiabilidade com o teste-reteste (n=23), e da validade com a validação clínica (n=76). Na avaliação do comitê de juízes houve concordância para a tradução de 90%, e Kappa de 0,71, indicando substancial concordância. O pré-teste revelou entendimento de 87,5% dos pais diante da aplicação do instrumento. O teste-reteste obteve Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (CCI) de 0,98 e Alfa de Cronbach de 0,92, revelando excelente estabilidade do instrumento e elevada consistência interna. A validade de construto contou com a análise fatorial confirmatória e exploratória dos dados de 99 pais e/ou mães. O teste de Kaiser Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,86 indicou bom ajuste da amostra. O modelo E, evidenciado pela análise fatorial exploratória, obteve melhores ajustes e sustentou estrutura fatorial em três fatores: a confiança no papel parental, a interação pais e filho e o conhecimento dos pais na UTIN. Com a categorização dos escores obtidos na aplicação do instrumento, os indivíduos foram classificados em: a) “Suficiência da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 90 a 72), com 35 pais e/ou mães; b) “Suficiência moderada da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 71 a 54), com 50 pais e/ou mães; e c) “Insuficiência moderada da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 53 a 36), com 14 pais e/ou mães. A categoria “Insuficiência da capacidade de cuidado” (escores entre 35 a 18), não obteve indivíduos que pontuassem nesse intervalo. Na comparação entre os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos encontrou-se associação estatística significativa dos grupos de classificação dos pais com a idade dos filhos além do prematuro. E pela Análise de Componentes Principais evidenciou-se relação inversa entre os escores da escala com a renda familiar, idade e escolaridade materna, com associação estatística significativa para a renda familiar. A escala revelou-se adequada e confiável para a aplicação com pais e/ou mães de prematuros hospitalizados, apresentando-se como uma ferramenta norteadora na atuação da equipe de saúde.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:54:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO_LIDIA CUNHA SCHRAMM DE SOUSA.pdf: 781382 bytes, checksum: 7e988cf4512ce00115e2c930915fdfb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-20 / Widely debated in the Judiciary theme is the Right to Health. The legalization of public health policies is a growing phenomenon throughout the country, and several branches of the judiciary received demands related to health. This discussion is reflected in the three Powers. This dissertation studies the effectiveness of Court decisions in Maranhão, in relation to access at neonatal intensive care units in Maranhão focused on the magistrates' decisions 1 the Childhood and Youth and the consequences of those decisions. The universality and equality in access to neonatal intensive care units are analyzed based on John Rawls literature. / Tema amplamente debatido no Judiciário é o Direito à saúde. A judicialização das políticas públicas de saúde é um fenômeno crescente em todo o País, tendo diversos ramos do Poder Judiciário recebido demandas relacionadas à saúde. Essa discussão tem reflexos nos três Poderes. Esta dissertação estuda a eficácia das decisões Judiciais no Maranhão, no tocante ao acesso às unidades de tratamento intensivo neonatal no Maranhão com foco nas decisões de magistrados da 1 Vara da Infância e Juventude e os reflexos dessas decisões. A universalidade e igualdade no acesso às unidades de tratamento intensivo neonatal são analisadas com base na literatura de John Rawls.

Leveduras da mucosa oral, de cateter e de sangue de neonatos internados na UTIN (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal) por período de 9 meses, foram avaliadas quanto ao perfil molecular pela técnica de PFGE. Dos 125 neonatos internados, 23 (18,4%) apresentaram leveduras na mucosa oral, sangue e cateter. Destes pacientes, obtivemos 54 amostras de leveduras, sendo 36 (66,7%) isoladas da colonização oral; 12 (22,2%) de sangue, seis (11,1%) de cateter. C. albicans foi a mais freqüente dentre as amostras isoladas da mucosa oral e sepse. C. parapsilosis foi a mais isolada dentre as amostras de cateter. Todas as amostras foram consideradas sensíveis aos antifúngicos. Estas amostras apresentaram atividade de pelo menos uma exoenzima. Dentre os 12 casos de sepse, 83,4% (10/12) foram causadas por espécies de Candida, sendo que, destas 10 candidemias, 60% (6/10) estiveram associadas com colonização oral prévia pela mesma espécie e perfil genotípico. A mortalidade devido a infecção sistêmica (septicemia) por leveduras,no período do estudo, foi de 91.6% . / Yeasts isolated from the oral mucosa, catheter and blood of neonates in na NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) over a period of 9 months, were were evaluated in regard to the molecular profile by PFGE technique. Of the 125 neonates studied, 23 (18.4%) presented yeast in their oral mucosa, blood, or catheter. From these 23 neonates, 54 samples of yeast were obtained; 36 (63.7%) from oral colonization, 12 (22.2%) from the blood, and 6 (11.1%) from the catheter. The most frequently encountered species among the samples isolated from the oral mucosa and blood was C. albicans; while C. parapsilosis was the species found most frequently among the samples obtained from catheters. All the samples were considered susceptible to antifungal agents tested. The samples presented activity of at least one exoenzyme. Among the 12 cases of sepsis, 10 (83.4%) were caused by species of Candida, and of these 10 cases, 6 (60%) were associated with previous oral colonization by the same species and genotypic profile. The mortality rate due to septicemia by yeasts was 91.6%.

Les infections néonatales tardives (INT, survenant après 3 jours de vie) sont fréquentes et sont associées à une mortalité et une morbidité importantes chez les nouveau-nés prématurés. Dans ce contexte, il a été récemment décrit un clone de Staphylococcus capitis, appelé NRCS-A, impliqué spécifiquement dans ces INT dans différents services de réanimation néonatale (RN) à travers la France, et présentant un profil multirésistant atypique chez cette espèce, incluant notamment une sensibilité diminuée à la vancomycine, qui est pourtant l'antibiotique de première ligne en cas de suspicion d'INT. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons démontré la distribution endémique du clone NRCS-A dans au moins 17 pays à travers le monde, spécifiquement dans les services de RN. De plus des données épidémiologiques issues des services de RN français ont identifié une prévalence élevée du clone dans certains services, illustrant sa capacité à s'implanter puis à persister dans ces services. Une caractérisation génétique du clone NRCS-A a été réalisée afin de mettre en évidence d'éventuels facteurs génétiques pouvant favoriser son implantation dans les services de RN. Cette analyse a démontré le rôle des éléments génétiques mobiles dans l'émergence du phénotype multirésistant du clone NRCS-A. En revanche aucun gène de virulence spécifique du clone n'a pu être mis en évidence. L'analyse des gènes spécifiques du clone a toutefois permis d'identifier le gène nsr codant pour la résistance à la nisine, bactériocine active sur de nombreuses bactéries à Gram positif et sécrétée par les bactéries de la flore commensale digestive. Ce gène pourrait donc conférer un avantage sélectif au clone NRCS-A pour s'implanter dans le microbiote des nouveau-nés prématurés. La persistance du clone dans les services de RN évoque la présence de réservoirs inertes ou humains au sein de ces services. Grâce à la mise au point d'une technique d'identification de S. capitis par gélose chromogénique sélective, nous avons pu démontrer la diffusion et la persistance de S. capitis dans un service de RN, sans toutefois identifier un réservoir unique responsable de cette colonisation. Nous avons également observé une inefficacité partielle des mesures de décontamination. Il n'existe en revanche pas de portage chronique chez le personnel soignant, ni de colonisation vaginale chez les femmes enceintes. Par ailleurs, nous avons pu mettre en évidence par repiquages successifs in vitro une capacité particulière du clone NRCS-A à acquérir de façon rapide et stable une résistance à la vancomycine sous pression de sélection par cet antibiotique. Cette capacité constitue un avantage sélectif majeur pour ce clone et pourrait avoir favorisé son implantation et sa persistance dans les services de RN où la pression de sélection par la vancomycine est élevée. Pour compléter ces résultats, une étude de cohorte prospective menée en RN a permis de démontrer que l'administration de vancomycine constituait un facteur de risque indépendant de survenue d'INT à S. capitis. Au-delà de la problématique spécifique des INT à S. capitis en RN, nos travaux illustrent plus largement un des enjeux majeurs de santé publique qui est l'impact écologique potentiel de l'utilisation des antibiothérapies probabilistes à large spectre sur l'émergence et la sélection de bactéries multirésistantes impliquées secondairement dans des infections nosocomiales. Ces travaux ouvrent de nouveaux axes de recherche concernant d'une part la meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie des INT à S. capitis, et d'autre part plus largement les modalités de prévention des INT en RN et d'amélioration du diagnostic précoce des INT / Pas de résumé en anglais

Bakgrund: I Sverige föds omkring 7000 prematura barn varje år. Föräldrars närvaro och delaktighet är viktig för att de ska lära känna sitt barn och ta på sig rollen som barnets primära vårdare, men även för barnets välbefinnande och trygghet.  Syfte: Beskriva barnsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att göra föräldrar delaktiga i omvårdnaden av sitt prematurfödda barn på neonatalavdelning.  Metod: Studien genomfördes på en neonatalavdelning i södra Sverige. Totalt deltog 12 barnsjuksköterskor. Intervjuerna analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats.  Resultat: När föräldrarna träffade samma personal byggdes en relation mellan föräldrar och barnsjuksköterska vilket främjade föräldrarnas delaktighet. Det var viktigt att låta föräldrarna sköta omvårdnaden men att barnsjuksköterskan fanns vid sidan om som stöd. Genom information och förberedelse hade föräldrarna bättre förutsättningar till delaktighet. Barnets tillstånd, vårdmiljön och familjesituation menade barnsjuksköterskan kunde påverka huruvida föräldrarna ville eller kunde vara delaktiga i omvårdnaden. Genom delaktighet främjades anknytningen genom att föräldrarollen stärktes och föräldrarna lärde känna sitt barn.  Slutsats: Barnsjuksköterskan har en viktig roll där hon bör sträva att få med sig föräldrarna i omvårdnaden så att deras delaktighet ökar. Vikten av att föräldrar är delaktiga grundar sig i att stärka anknytningen vilket har stor betydelse för barnets välbefinnande. / Background: Every year 7000 children are born premature in Sweden. Parents presence and participation is important to get to know their child and to take the role as the primary caregivers, but also for the child’s well-being and safety.   Aim: The aim of the study was to describe paediatric nurses’ experiences of involving parents in the care of their preterm child in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Method: The study took place at a NICU in southern Sweden. Interviews were carried out with 12 paediatric nurses. The analysis was made using qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.    Results: When parents met the same paediatric nurse a relationship was built which promoted parent participation. It was important to have the parents take care of the nursing but the pediatric nurse was on the side as support. Through information and preparation, the parents had better conditions for participation. The paediatric nurse meant that the child's condition, care environment and family situation nurse could influence whether the parents wanted or could be involved in the care. Through participation, the bonding was promoted by strengthening the parent role and the parents getting to know their child.  Conclusion: The paediatric nurse has an important role and should strive to increase parents participation in their child’s care. The importance of parent participation is because it promotes bonding which is important for the child’s well-being.

Background: The prevalence of opioid use disorder has increased across the United States, but the rural population of Appalachia has been disproportionately impacted. Concurrently, the slow, but steady progress in the legalization of marijuana may be affecting perception of marijuana use in pregnancy. However, marijuana use in pregnancy has been associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Concomitant use of opioids and marijuana in pregnancy has not been evaluated. Objective: The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the association between confirmed marijuana use in late pregnancy and preterm birth in opioid-exposed pregnancies. Methodology: A retrospective chart review was conducted that included all births from July 2011 to June 2016 from 6 delivery hospitals in South-Central Appalachia. Out of 18,732 births, 2368 singleton pregnancies indicated opioid use and met remaining inclusion criteria, with 108 of these mothers testing positive for marijuana at delivery. Independent sample t-test and Chi-Square analyses compared marijuana and non-marijuana exposed groups on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Regression analyses controlled for confounding variables in predicting neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), NICU admission, preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low birth weight outcomes as shown in Table 1. Results: Neonates born to marijuana-positive women in opioid-exposed pregnancy were more likely to be born preterm, small for gestational age, have low birth weight, and be admitted to NICU. After statistically controlling for parity, marital status, tobacco and benzodiazepine use, preterm birth and low birth weight remained statistically significant with aOR of 2.35 (1.30–4.24) and 2.01 (1.18–3.44), respectively. Conclusions: Maternal use of marijuana in any opioid-exposed pregnancy may increase risk of preterm birth and low-birth weight infants. Prospective studies need to examine the dose and timing of marijuana and opioid use in pregnancy to better delineate perinatal effects. Nonetheless, pregnant women using opioids, including recommended medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder, should be educated about the risks of concurrent marijuana use during pregnancy and may need to be counseled to abstain from marijuana use during pregnancy for an optimal outcome.

This survey research explores neonatal intensive care unit speech-language pathologists’ perceptions of infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome; specifically, how NAS affects infants’ feeding skills, along with structural and oral-motor characteristics. The findings of this research will contribute to this population’s information base. The results are expected to inform the field and current evidence-based practice care for infants with NAS.Learner Outcome(s): Explain Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) Describe infants with NAS and how NAS affects the infants’ feeding skills from the perspective of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) Identify how SLPs in the NICU participate in intervention for infants with NAS and their families