Diploma thesis Position of Germany in the context of current economic problems of European Union is focused on characteristic of status of economy and competitiveness of Germany. This analysis will lead to the most important challenges, which will contribute in the development of current German economy and its linkage to economy of European Union. The first chapter is focused on current status of German economy from the view of main economic indicators like analysis of economic power of population, gross domestic product and business environment. The second chapter pays attention to analysis of competitiveness from the view of labour market, market of goods and services and investment position of Germany. The third chapter is starting point for the previous chapters and determines the main challenges of German economy in presence which are gaining importance to the future not only of Germany, but also of European Union. The final part of my thesis is focused on possible solutions of these challenges, that can help not only to the German economy, but also to the economy of European Union to become one of the most competitive economy of the world.

Ce travail de thèse se situe dans la continuité des recherches sur les contacts de langues au Sénégal, pays multilingue. Le Sénégal à l’image des autres pays africains francophones présente un espace sociolinguistique caractérisé par des contacts entre les langues nationales et la langue officielle, le français donnant naissance à une forme de parler urbain appelé « wolof urbain » ou « franwolof ».Cette étude porte sur le wolof et le sérère, langues nationales du Sénégal, en contact avec le français, dans le cadre des usages qui en sont faits dans les Nouvelles Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication encore (NTIC). Les analyses seront menées en regard des pratiques orales et à partir de messages collectés sur Facebook et sur des forums de discussion.Comment les langues nationales que sont le wolof et le sérère sont valorisées dans les pratiques langagières et sur internet ? Cette principale interrogation sera associée aux différentes questions de recherche suivantes : Quels rapports les langues nationales (wolof et sérère) entretiennent-elles à l’oral et avec le français dans les échanges en ligne ? / Quelles différences avec les pratiques orales ? Le wolof et le sérère sont-ils valorisés dans les pratiques langagières et dans les échanges électroniques ? Comment les participants et internautes manifestent leurs identités dans leurs échanges ? Comment se matérialisent les représentations des locuteurs par rapport aux langues qu’ils parlent ? Quelle est la place des deux langues nationales au début du 21e siècle dans une société sénégalaise marquée par le multilinguisme ?Quelle est la place des langues dans la définition des identités de locuteurs multilingues ? / Quels intérêts (au point de vue matériel et symbolique) sont faits de l’usage de ces langues par les locuteurs ? Quels rôles pour leur valorisation ?Pour apporter des réponses à ces questions, l’analyse portera sur les notions d’identité, de représentations, de diglossie, sur les statuts de ces trois langues qui coexistent au sein du territoire sénégalais, sur l’aménagement, la politique linguistique menée au Sénégal etc.Ce travail s’appuiera sur une analyse d’entretiens réalisés auprès de participants wolophones et sérérophones scolarisés ou non, de données collectées sur Facebook et sur des forums de discussion. Cette approche permettra d’aborder les façons dont les participants recourent aux deux langues nationales en contact avec le français dans les entretiens et dans les écrits électroniquesMots clés : sociolinguistique, multilinguisme, alternances codiques, nouvelles technologies, wolof, sérère, valorisation. / This work of thesis is situated in the continuity of the searches on the contacts of languages in Senegal, multilingual country. Senegal just like the other French-speaking African countries presents a sociolinguistic space characterized by contacts between national languages and the official language, French giving birth to a form to speak urban called "urban Wolof" or "franwolof".This study concerns the Wolof and the sérère, the national languages of Senegal, in touch with French, within the framework of uses which are made in the New information technologies and of the Communication still (NTIC). Analyses will be led compared to the oral practices and from the messages collected on Facebook and on discussion forums.How the national languages that are the Wolof and the sérère are valued in the linguistic practices and on the Internet ? This main interrogation will be associated with the following various questions of research : what relationships national languages (Wolof and sérère) they do maintain in the oral and with French in the on-line exchanges? / What differences with the oral practices? The Wolof and the sérère are they valued in the linguistic practices and in the electronic exchanges ? How the participants and the Internet users show their identities in their exchanges? How materialize the representations of the speakers with regard to (compared with) the languages which they speak ? What is the place of both national languages at the beginning of the 21th century in a Senegalese society marked by the multilingualism? What is the place of the languages in the definition of the identities of multilingual speakers? / What interests (in the material and symbolic point of view) are made by the use of these languages by the speakers? What roles for their valuation?To bring answers to these questions, the analysis will concern the notions of identity, representations, diglossia, the statutes of these three languages which coexist within the Senegalese territory, on the arrangement, the linguistic politics led to Senegal etc.This work will lean on an analysis of conversations realized with participants wolophones and schooled sérérophones or not and of data collected on Facebook and on discussion forums. This approach will allow to approach the manners the participants of which resort to both national languages in touch with French in the conversations and in the electronic papersKey words: sociolinguistics, multilingualism, New technologies of information and the communication, Codeswitching, Wolof language, serere language, valorization.

The diploma thesis is based on the development of the business activities of an existing agricultural micro enterprise by extending production of a new crop type, its sales promotion and ensuring of a maximum return. The theoretical part of the thesis contains the definition of the main concepts needed to understanding problematics. The analytical part describes a comprehensive presentation of an existing enterprise by a summary analysis of its current state. The subject of the final part of the thesis is a set of proposals, directed to the successful development of the business activities, designed based on the results of previous analyzes.

1 Annotation Industry 4.0, also known as "the fourth industrial revolution" consisting of the digitization and automation of industry, is a relatively new topic in the Czech media field. Not so new topic is digitization in general, which is a process of implementing digital technologies in various areas of production and society. Over time, the arguments of both academic sides, optimists and critics of digital progress were stabilized in two antagonistic paradigms, with both groups of arguments can be found in the media discourse. The work will also examine the neutral approach, which does not benefit from any of the extreme opposites. The thesis will examine the overall framing of the topic and the similarity between media presentation and academic literature. Participants in the academic debate on the digital age can be found, among others, among digital media theorists. They can in principle be divided into two main parties. Optimists (Negroponte, Jenkins, Mařík) in principle support the new possibilities that digitization brings, while critics (McChesney, Spitzer, Morozov) point out that digital progress is dangerous. On the one hand, digital progress and robotization is being showed as a benefit, but on the other hand, academics warn against the fall of society and the negative side of the digital age....

Impact of demographic changes on healthcare expenditures in the Czech Republic Abstract This work aims to analyse the influence of demographic changes on public healthcare expenditures in the Czech Republic. The first part displays particular factors having effect on healthcare expenditures with a special focus on demographic characteristics. In spite of the fact that the expenditure level seems to be mainly affected by the economic output of particular states and new technology development, while the influence of demographic fluctuation is of minor effect so far, this situation is likely to change. The next part presents the health care expenditures evolution in the Czech Republic from the beginning of the nineties. The data sources confirm that these expenditures keep growing just the same way as in other states in the world. The last part defines and quantifies the foreseen scenarios of the above mentioned health care expenditures depending upon demographic evolution. The results of those scenarios are being compared with other analysis results focusing on analyzing the influence of ageing process and health condition fluctuations on expenditure levels in the Czech Republic as well as in other EU countries. Keywords: population ageing, health care, costs of dying, health, new technologies, healthcare...

The fourth industrial revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, is based on digital industrial technology developments. The purpose of Industry 4.0 is to transform industrial manufacturing through digitalization and new technologies. The introduction of Industry 4.0 has led companies to consider digitalization as essential for company strategies. For decades, companies have aspired to increase performance by using advanced production practices, such as different operation methods and advanced manufacturing technologies. The intention of introducing these practices is to advance companies towards high performance by implementing advanced techniques. One way of utilizing the potential of new technologies is by an adoption of the concept Industry 4.0. This research studies the impact of Industry 4.0 on companies current manufacturing strategies and operational performance. The study is carried out by conducting case studies on two companies with connections to the concept of Industry 4.0 and implementations of Industry 4.0 technologies such as big data, Internet of things, the Cloud concepts, simulations, and autonomous robots. Through theoretical and comparative analysis and discussion, the study found that an adoption to Industry 4.0 as a concept is a long and stepwise process. Successful Industry 4.0 adaption requires integration of Industry 4.0 with current manufacturing strategies. Implementation of certain Industry 4.0 technologies can have an impact on operational performance if these are integrated with advancements of manufacturing practices. The practices of manufacturing strategies are significantly associated with operational performance. In other cases, the impact of implementing new technologies linger, and is not directly noticeable. With this in consideration, the value of these new technologies should not be limited to operational measurements such as financial measures.

The thesis deals with a vision of future of travel - the transport system hyperloop and aims to support the development of emerging technology. The aim is to further define the current traffic trends and determine the hyperloop system, to find its suitable language and overall integration into the Brno transport system. The Hyperloop station is located within the Brno Triangle, which consists of three interconnected stations - Dolní, Heršpice and Hlavní.

[pt] A embalagem está no centro de questões de sobrevivência alimentar para mais de sete bilhões de pessoas no mundo. A presente pesquisa tem uma característica exploratória, voltada a investigar se as novas tecnologias digitais (especialmente microtomografia e impressão 3D) potencializam as abordagens de pensar e projetar embalagem por meio de analogias entre biologia e design (Biomimética). Tem também, uma característica experimental, objetivando estimular a criação e prototipação de conceitos inovadores biomiméticos para embalagem de alimentos. Os métodos utilizados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo; entrevistas com especialistas (biólogos); coleta de materiais biológicos (especialmente frutos) e experimentação - que foi realizada em dois momentos: Experimento A, onde aplicou-se o pensamento biomimético baseado na abordagem Biologia para Projetar (Biomimicry 3.8, 2007), sem uso de novas tecnologias e Experimento B, onde aplicou-se o mesmo pensamento, porém com uso de novas tecnologias (microtomografia e impressão 3D). Graças ao processo de design exploratório e experimental, chegou-se a um conceito de design, que foi resultado de um desdobramento das analogias geradas entre biologia (vagem do amendoim) e design (embalagem). Ele propõe um sistema biomimético inovador para embalagem de alimentos que: aumenta a proteção e conservação, reduzindo o desperdício, permite adaptação a diferentes formatos e dimensões do conteúdo a ser embalado e otimiza o uso de materiais e processos. O resultado final alcançado faz-nos vislumbrar uma série de desdobramentos dessa pesquisa, principalmente ao que se refere à viabilidade técnica e implementação industrial do sistema criado, a fim de que seu uso possa ser generalizado em larga escala e, desta forma, contribuir para gerar impacto positivo nas questões contemporâneas de acesso e preservação de alimentos. / [en] The packaging is at the heart of food survival issues for more than seven billion people in the world. This research has an exploratory characteristic, aimed to investigate whether the new digital technologies (specially microtomography and 3D printing) potentializes the approaches of thinking and designing packaging through analogies between biology and design (Biomimicry). It also has an experimental feature, aiming to stimulate the creation and prototyping of biomimetic concepts for innovative food packaging. The methods used were: bibliographical research, documentary and field; interviews with experts (biologists); collection of biological materials (especially fruit) and trial - which was held in two stages: Experiment A, which applied the biomimetic based thinking approach Biology to Design (Biomimicry 3.8, 2007), without the use of new technologies and Experiment B, where we applied the same thought, but with the use of new technologies (microtomography and 3D printing). Thanks to the exploratory process of and experimental feature, this research came to a design concept, which was the result of a breakdown of analogies generated between biology (pod peanuts) and design (packaging). He proposes an innovative system for Biomimetic package for foods which: increase the protection and conservation, reducing waste, allows adaptation to different shapes and dimensions of the content and optimizes the use of materials and processes. The end result achieved makes us glimpse a number of developments of this research, especially when it comes to the technical feasibility and industrial implementation of the system introduced in order to allow its use to be widespread on a large scale and thus help to generate positive impact on contemporary issues of access and preservation of food.

<p>Over the course of history, innovation has been the forefront of industrial change. New innovations have continuously surpassed old solutions, which have contributed to the trajectory of mankind. In today’s market IT has an increasingly important role. Innovation within IT is characterised by high degrees of visionary thinking and optimism towards the success of the venture. This has contributed to bubble effects emerging in the economy of a highly speculative nature.</p><p>A central issue lies in the complexity of evaluating innovation and especially more radical and visionary ones. In general terms of evaluation, innovations are evaluated in two main phases: internally and externally. For visionary innovations it is not evident how and on what grounds the innovation should be evaluated both internally in terms of feasibility and externally in terms of market response. In that aspect there is a gap in evaluation and especially <em>how </em>visionary innovation can be evaluated. The aim of the research is to investigate the phenomenon of visionary innovation and contribute with knowledge about the characteristics that influence growth and adoption.</p><p>The research is based upon a two-step qualitative investigation. Firstly the research is imed at constructing a framework for evaluating the innovation and thereafter objectifying the characteristics on case studies within the IT sector.</p><p>The research has found three major areas for evaluation: (1) <em>the eco-system, </em>(2) <em>the  ustomer </em><em>behaviour </em>and (3) <em>the target market</em>. The eco-system is focused towards the ompetitive environment, the technology and the infrastructure. The customer behaviour  ddresses customers’ existing behaviours, their needs and demands and the surplus value  he new offering brings. In terms of the customer behaviour the switching costs and benefits  of other alternatives is also important to consider. Finally, the target market  onsists of the market characteristics, the customer segmentation and the overall  ttractiveness of the market. Based on the characteristics of these factors and the market  nd industry, constraints and drivers can be identified to either support or contradicts the  peed of adoption of new solutions.</p><p>The main findings of the report are that growth is dependent on and influenced by positive and negative drivers. The three elements the drivers are thus connected and correlating, in the sense that the drivers can have different levels of severity. For instance, a negative driver that is negatively correlated with another element has a high level of severity related to growth.</p>

Thèse défendue en régime co-tutelle entre l'Université Paris 3 Sorbonne-Nouvelle et l'Université de Montréal / Consacrée à la multiplication des spectacles à haute teneur technologique, cette thèse porte sur la question de la disparition du comédien de la scène, selon une approche intermédiale. Le postulat de base est que le théâtre est un média, incorporant divers autres médias, approche actuellement très débattue à l’intérieur du champ théâtral. Ainsi, la recherche est orientée vers les pratiques européennes et nord-américaines d’aujourd’hui, à savoir les spectacles mis en scène depuis l’an 2000 jusqu’à nos jours (Castellucci, Vorn, Goebbels). Pour désigner les spécificités scéniques de cette période, le terme « extrême-contemporain » est mobilisé. Il accrédite les techniques et les technologies les plus récentes dans la fabrique du théâtre dont les artistes conceptualisent des scénarios possibles de l’avenir. Aiguillonné par un tel réflexe techno-scientifique, ce travail de recherche explore également plusieurs concepts déferlant actuellement sur la scène intellectuelle savante, tels que l’excommunication (Galloway), les Nouveaux matérialismes (Barad) et le posthumanisme (Besnier). Afin de mieux rendre compte de la portée scientifique de ces courants de pensée, la thèse s’appuie sur la notion d’entropie, issue de la physique. L’hypothèse qui sous-tend la démarche est que ces théories opèrent une entropie, induisent de cette façon une épistémologie unitaire nouvelle. L’auteur de ce texte explore les liens entre ces théories et le spectacle vivant extrême-contemporain, en défendant la thèse que l’analogie entre eux permet une meilleure compréhension à la fois de ce qui se passe dans le paysage scénique actuel et dans l’horizon intellectuel encore à venir. / Focused on the increase of theatre shows with a high degree of technological involvement, this thesis deals with the question of the disappearance of the living actor on the stage, with an intermedial approach. The basic postulate is that the theatre is a media, incorporating diverse media, an approach currently very much debated inside the theatrical academic community. Thus, this research is oriented towards today’s European and North American practices, namely the performances staged since the year 2000 until today (Castellucci, Vorn, Goebbels). In order to designate the scenic specificities of this period, the term "extreme-contemporary" is introduced. It accredits the most recent techniques and technologies in the theatre productions whose artists conceptualize possible scenarios of the future. Guided by such a techno-scientific reflex, this research work also explores several concepts currently sweeping the scholarly intellectual scene, such as excommunication (Galloway), New-materialisms (Barad) and posthumanism (Besnier). In order to better account for the scientific significance of these currents of thought, the thesis relies on the notion of entropy, derived from physics. The hypothesis underlying the approach is that these theories operate an entropy, thus inducing a new unitary epistemology. The author of this thesis explores the links between these theories and the extreme-contemporary live performance, defending the idea that the analogy between them allows both a better understanding of what is happening on the current scenic landscape and on the intellectual horizon yet to come.