Распространение научных знаний может проходить как в традиционных формах популяризации науки, так и с использованием новейших технологий, в том числе с использованием медиапроектов. В диссертации рассматриваются специфические характеристики медиапроектов, посвященных науке, как новых форм популяризации науки. В работе анализируется представленность знания в общественном сознании, а также изучаются новые методы корректировки образа науки, а также методы противодействия распространению в обществе недостоверных знаний и квазинаучных теорий. В диссертации анализируются известные отечественные медиапроекты о науке. / The spread of scientific knowledge can take place both in traditional forms of science popularization and using the latest technologies, including media projects. The dissertation discusses the specific characteristics of media projects devoted to science as new forms of science popularization. The paper analyzes the representation of knowledge in the public mind and studies new methods of adjusting the image of science as well as methods of countering the spread in a society of false knowledge and quasi-scientific theories. There are the well-known domestic media projects about science analyzes in the dissertation.

[pt] Esta tese investiga a interação mediada pela tecnologia, a partir de mensagens produzidas e compartilhadas por cidadãos da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro no Twitter e no Facebook, com foco na mobilidade urbana, em seus deslocamentos no trânsito e no transporte público e privado. Os objetivos deste estudo buscam: i) realizar um exame analítico das atividades e ações na sequência conversacional, descrevendo como são produzidas e interpretadas pelos participantes; ii) analisar os papéis que o cidadão e as ferramentas tecnológicas desempenham interacionalmente em uma estrutura de multiparticipação; iii) refletir sobre como as atividades e ações que surgem nas conversas virtuais se relacionam à vida social urbana. O estudo está baseado nos suportes teóricos da Análise da Conversa, no contexto virtual, que informam sobre tomadas de turno, atividades e ações, nos conceitos da Sociolinguística Interacional, no âmbito da estrutura de participação e dos papéis dos participantes na produção e interpretação dos enunciados, e nos estudos da ordem social sobre a mobilidade urbana em grandes cidades. A metodologia é qualitativa e interpretativa. Os dados consistem de conversas públicas registradas nas páginas das redes sociais do BRT Rio, do Metrô Rio, do O Dia 24 Horas e da SuperVia, onde os participantes interagem entre si e com as empresas. As mensagens foram selecionadas de acordo com as ações que implementam, contextualizadas no universo da mobilidade urbana. A análise dos dados indica que: i) a disposição dos turnos nas sequências não-ordenadas de encadeamento das postagens demanda novas estratégias de produção de ações na organização da interação, e as expectativas dos participantes se definem a partir da escolha de qual turno anterior realizarão uma ação em sequência; ii) nestas ações surgem interpretações como a de solicitação e fornecimento de informação, notificação, elogio, agradecimento, reclamação, sugestão, insulto, crítica ou de não-responder; iii) motoristas e passageiros desempenham um papel coletivo ao interagir neste ambiente, onde a estrutura de participação torna-se mais complexa ao converter todos os participantes em falantes potenciais e ouvintes ratificados, simultâneos e alternados, configurando padrões de organização social de interação multiparticipativa. O estudo destas novas formas tecnologicamente mediadas de comunicação, com foco na mobilidade urbana em uma grande cidade, atualiza os conceitos acerca dos modelos de interação face a face, do papel do cidadão neste processo e dos fenômenos sociais contemporâneos situados. / [en] This thesis investigates the interaction mediated by technology, from messages produced and shared by the citizens of the Rio de Janeiro on Twitter and Facebook, focusing on urban mobility, during their movements in traffic and in public and private transportation. The objectives of the study seeks to: i) perform an analytical examination of the activities and actions in the conversational sequence, describing how participants produce and interpret them; ii) analyze the roles that citizen and social network technologies play interactively in a multi participation framework; iii) reflect on how the activities and actions that arise from virtual conversation are related to urban social life. The study is based on the theoretical concepts of Conversation Analysis, in the virtual context, via new technologies, which inform about turn-taking, activities and actions, Interactional Sociolinguistics, in the scope of participation framework and participants roles in the production and interpretation of the utterances, and the studies of the social order upon urban mobility in big cities. The methodology is qualitative and interpretive. The data consist of public conversations from the social network pages of BRT Rio, Metro Rio, O Dia 24 Horas and SuperVia, where participants interact with each other and with the companies. The messages were selected according to the actions they implement, contextualized in the universe of urban mobility. The analysis of the data indicates: i) the arrangement of the turns in the unordered sequences of post demands new producing actions strategies on the organization of the interaction, and the expectations of the participants are defined from the choice of which previous turn they will perform an action in sequence; ii) ii) in these actions, different interpretations arise, such as requesting and providing information, notification, praise, thanks, complaint, suggestion, insult, criticism or non-response; iii) drivers and passengers play a collective role in interacting in this environment, where the participation framework becomes more complex by converting all participants into simultaneous and alternated potential speakers and ratified listeners , setting patterns of multiparticipative social organization of interaction. These new technologically mediated forms of communication, focusing on the urban mobility in a big city, update the concepts about face to face interaction models, the citizen s role in this process and the situated contemporary social phenomena.

Toutes les photos présentes dans ce mémoire (sauf indication contraire) ont été réalisées par Dan Antonat (c). / À l’ère de la société de la connaissance, l’éducation supérieure occupe une place prépondérante dans le monde et les universités sont des acteurs de premier ordre. La connaissance, à travers l’innovation qu’elle permet, est devenue un élément central du processus de production et l’on parle désormais d’une économie du savoir, qui serait porteuse d’un ensemble de changements qui affectent la société sur différents plans. Le mode de fonctionnement traditionnel des universités n’y échappe pas et connaît plusieurs renouveaux. Les NTIC ont fait évoluer les manières d'enseigner et de faire de la recherche et l’on parle aujourd’hui d’un nouveau type de relations inédites entre les universités, l'État et le secteur de l’industrie. Après avoir passé en revue l’ensemble de ces changements, nous proposons d'explorer l'impact de toutes ces transformations sur le développement physique des universités à travers l’étude du projet de construction du futur campus de l'Université de Montréal à Outremont et de l'École des HEC Montréal. Nous analysons dans notre étude l'influence de ces changements sur l'organisation physique des universités et sur l'architecture des bâtiments. / In the era of the knowledge society characterized by the importance of constant innovation, various dimensions of social life are going through notable renewals. The New Technologies of Information and Communication (NTIC) are offering a large panel of new possibilities that affects the traditional mode of operating of various institutions. In this context, Universities become fundamental actor, by contributing to the high education of the population through their activities of teaching and research. It seems that the traditional mission of universities is going through major changes. Lots of new possibilities permit by the NTIC affects the traditional way of teaching and doing research and we also talk about new kind of unprecedented relations between universities, state and the industry. We offer to explore the impact of all these changes on the physical development of universities through a look at a case study of the campus of Université de Montréal and the business school of HEC Montreal. Our work discuss about the influence of these changes in the physical organization of the university, more specifically on the architecture of the buildings. Through a look at the project of construction of a new campus situated at Outremont, we have attended to study actual tendencies and concerns about university buildings. We then attended to analyse the impacts of these developments on the organisation of universities buildings through a study of the architectural features of the new school of HEC Montréal.

Sur un exemple concret d’entreprise française disposant des technologies innovantes dans les domaines du chauffage et de la distribution d’eau et ayant un projet d’expansion vers un nouveau marché, en l’occurrence, le marché russe, l’auteur montre l’importance de ces technologies pour accéder au marché fortement différent du marché domestique. Au sein du secteur du chauffage dans un pays où, à cause des conditions climatiques froides, le besoin de se chauffer présente un besoin vital, où le retard technologique dû au phénomène historique du monopole du chauffage central collectif est particulièrement ressenti et où le marché est en pleine formation avec la montée de la concurrence, les technologies nouvelles ont sans doute un rôle capital à jouer. Comment l’entreprise porteuse de ces technologies doit-t-elle aborder le marché russe certes très prometteur, mais fragile surtout en cette période délicate de la crise économique mondiale? Quels en sont les risques et les perspectives ? Comment réussir ce marché ? Comment mettre en valeur et transférer de nouvelles solutions technologiques ? Quels sont les avantages de ce transfert pour l’entreprise, mais également pour son partenaire local, pour la région visée et pour l’Etat receveur ? Telles sont les questions que l’auteur se pose. Le rôle des technologies nouvelles va certainement au-delà d’un secteur ou d’un domaine d’activité : les technologies nouvelles apportées par des entreprises occidentales ont sans doute accéléré, en ce qui concerne la Russie, le passage d’un système économique du type soviétique vers un système de libre-échange que l’on connait sous le terme d’économie de marché. / On a specific example of a French company having innovative technologies in the field of heating and water distribution, and realizing an expansion project to a new market, in this case, the Russian market, the author shows the importance of technologies when penetrating a market strongly different from the domestic one. Within the heating sector in the country where, because of a cold climate, the need to feel warm is a vital need, where the technological backwardness due to the historical phenomenon of the central residential heating monopoly is obvious, and where market is taking shape and competition is now growing, new technologies have without doubt a capital part to play. How should a company with such technologies approach the Russian market certainly very promising, but also fragile especially in this delicate period of the world economic crisis? What are the risks and the perspectives for the company? How to succeed in this market? How to enhance the value and to transfer new technological solutions? What advantages does this transfer bring to the company, but also to the company’s local partner, to the targeted region, and to the receiving country? These are questions the author asks himself. The role of new technologies is certainly beyond a sector or a field of activity: the new technologies brought by western companies undoubtedly accelerated, as Russia is concerned, the change from the Soviet-type economic system to a free-market system, known as the market economy.

Réalisée en cotutelle avec l'université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 / Cette thèse se penche sur les parcours et les pratiques d'artistes numériques naviguant au sein des secteurs multimédias de Montréal. L'étude des parcours de onze artistes numériques montréalais nous a permis de constater que leurs pratiques de production en arts numériques ne sont pas réductibles aux logiques de production propres à un seul lieu, que ce soit une entreprise privée, un centre d'art numérique ou encore l'université. La question du maintien de ces pratiques amène à prêter attention aux pluralités des éléments qui informent leurs (re)constitutions perpétuelles, ce qui appelle de nouveaux modes de théorisation des parcours d'artistes numériques et de leurs pratiques. Nous proposons une nouvelle manière de penser ces parcours - en tant que trajectoires - pour mettre en valeur la pluralité des modes d'articulation de ces pratiques. Elles sont ainsi considérées du point de vue de leurs médiations coconstitutives avec différents éléments. Nous avons isolé trois ensembles d'éléments pour rendre compte du maintien des pratiques en arts numériques et au travers desquels ces dernières déploient leurs multiples effectivités. Le premier ensemble recouvre les technologies intervenant dans la pratique en arts numériques. Le deuxième ensemble a trait au milieu des arts numériques et aux modes de l'organisé afférents. Enfin, le troisième ensemble traite du rapport entre les mondes de l'entreprise et la pratique en arts numériques. Ces trois ensembles d'éléments participent de diverses manières à la constitution, au maintien et à la singularisation de pratiques en arts numériques qui déploient leurs effectivités largement au-delà d'un espace social circonscrit ou spécialisé. / This thesis examines the paths and practices of digital artists navigating within the multimedia sectors of Montreal. Through the study of the paths of eleven digital artists based in Montreal we found that production practices in digital arts cannot be reduced to the logic of production specific to a single place, whether a private company, a digital arts center or a university. The issue of maintaining these practices leads one to pay attention to the plurality of elements that inform their perpetual (re)constitutions. This requires new ways of theorizing digital artists' paths and practices. We propose a new way of conceptualizing these paths - as trajectories - to highlight the plurality of ways the digital art practices are articulated. They are thus considered in terms of their co-constitutive mediations with different elements. We have identified three sets of elements to account for the maintenance of the practices in digital arts and through which these unfold their multiple effectivities. The first set covers the technologies involved in digital art practices. The second set relates to the digital arts community and the organizational modes characteristic of those locales. Finally, the third set deals with the relationship between the worlds of business and practices in digital arts. These three sets of elements contribute in various ways to the establishment, maintenance and singularity of digital arts practices that deploy their effectivities far beyond a circumscribed or specialized social space.

Depuis longtemps déjà, les arts visuels se démarquent par leurs rapports proches quoique créatifs avec les développements technologiques des sociétés modernes. Pour les musées, Internet constitue une opportunité de rejoindre des publics qui s’avèrent de prime abord moins accessibles. Ce nouvel acteur dans le monde de l'art occupe une place croissante dans la présentation des oeuvres tout en jouant un rôle déterminant dans la diffusion et donc dans le retentissement qu'elles ont auprès de publics aux attentes changeantes. Alors que le musée diffusait autrefois ses collections et connaissances par les expositions et les catalogues, le cyberespace est aujourd’hui un nouveau lieu public qu’il lui convient d’investir. L’internaute est souvent isolé dans sa quête d’une « trouvaille » parmi la diversité de l’offre technologique. Nous proposons l’image alternative du flâneur comme métaphore opérationnelle afin d’analyser la relation entre l’internaute et l’exposition. Les oeuvres sont transposées dans le virtuel par le médium numérique, le même langage qui sous-tend l’exposition dans son ensemble, un transfert dont les implications sont nombreuses. La reproduction, par sa nature désacralisée, autorise la manipulation virtuelle. C’est une nouvelle forme de participation qui est exigée des spectateurs, non pas en termes d’acquisition rationnelle de connaissances, mais de manière ludoéducative, par cette même manipulation de l’image. Dans le but de souligner l’authenticité de l’oeuvre originale par la présentation de son équivalent numérique, l’exposition virtuelle est souvent médiatrice et documentaire avant tout, privilégiant l’observation technologique didactique. / Art and technology have long developed close relationships allowing both to be inspired by the other. Today, the Internet constitutes an opportunity for art museums to reach to publics previously unattainable. It is determining ways in which works of art or their numerical representation thereof are presented, transmitted, and perceived. Since their founding, museums have broadcasted their collections and knowledge in the public sphere by means of exhibitions and catalogues, but the Internet is now a space they have to inaugurate. In the perspective of cyberspace being both vast and varied, the internet user is often isolated in his search of a “find” or “discovery” amongst the array of virtual exhibitions available. It is necessary to offer an alternative to the often unique image of the internet user as “searcher” to propose the image of the flâneur as an operational metaphor for the analysis of the relationship between user and exhibition in cyberspace. The representation – by means of the digital language underlying both exhibition and image – allows virtual manipulation of the work of art. This entails new forms of participation on the part of exhibition viewers who are now also internet users. Often undertaking to highlight the authentic nature of the original work of art by displaying its digital representation, the virtual exhibition is often presented as a didactic counterpart to a “real” exhibition, thus avoiding the delicate question of the work of art experience in favor of a technological observation aimed at acquiring knowledge.

Ce mémoire cherche à concevoir en théorie la dialectique socialisa-tion/individualisation à l’œuvre dans la formation et la transmission des goûts et pratiques culturels chez les jeunes adultes. L'analyse de dix entretiens conduits auprès de jeunes Montréalais âgés de 18 à 24 ans révèle que la socialisation sous l’égide de la famille et de l’école reste active sans être coercitive du fait qu’elle s'avère propice à la capacité des jeunes à se concevoir sous leur propre gouverne et à développer leurs propres goûts en matière de pratiques culturelles. Les pairs jouent également un rôle à cet égard, rôle amplifié par les moyens numériques. Les relations entre pairs génèrent une espèce de tension entre conformité au groupe et volonté d’être soi-même et de pouvoir agir à sa guise. Les nouvelles technologies d’information et de communication, quant à elles, se révèlent de nos jours sources de socialisation et d’individualisation en donnant accès à des « réseaux » en vertu desquels s’infléchissent les goûts et les préférences qui façonnent la pratique de la culture tout en permettant aux jeunes d’avoir les coudées franches pour les développer par eux-mêmes. / This dissertation seeks to conceptualize the socialization/individualization dialectic at work in the formation and transmission of cultural tastes and practices among young adults. The analysis of ten interviews, conducted with young Montrealers aged 18 to 24, reveals that socialization operating within the family and school remains active without being coercive, because it proves favourable to the aptitude of young people to define themselves autonomously and to develop their own tastes in cultural practices. Peers also play a role in this regard, a role amplified by digital means. Relationships between peers generate tensions between group conformity and willingness to be authentic and to act upon one’s behalf. New technologies of information and communication, furthermore, appear as a source of socialization and individualization by providing access to "networks" that inflect the tastes and preferences shaping the practice of culture, while simultaneously allowing young adults the freedom to develop themselves.

La liberté d'expression intervient dans différents domaines, et bénéficie de la protection des constitutions nationales ainsi que des conventions internationales. Toutefois, la question se pose de cette protection s'agissant du domaine commercial. La reconnaissance d'un discours commercial constitutionnellement et conventionnellement protégé est le fruit de nombreux revirements de jurisprudence, mais demeure encore contestée par une partie de la doctrine. Consacrer la liberté d'expression commerciale en tant que droit fondamental ne permet dès lors pas uniquement de renforcer sa protection, mais aussi de créer un rapprochement entre les droits fondamentaux et le droit économique. En effet, la nature économique du discours commercial est au coeur des débats dont il est l'objet, et l'amène à être confronté, d'une part aux autres droits et libertés, d'autre part aux droits de la propriété intellectuelle et des nouvelles technologies. La présence de la liberté d'expression commerciale au sein de ces derniers témoigne de la diffusion des droits fondamentaux dans l'ensemble du droit. Enfin, la reconnaissance de cette nouvelle liberté fondamentale, relevant à la fois des droits civils et des droits économiques, met en lumière un renouvellement des typologies de classification des droits fondamentaux. / The freedom of speech takes place in differents domains, and receives protection from the national constitutions and international conventions. However, concerning the commercial domain, the question of its protection may be asked. The recognition of a constitutional and conventional protection of the commercial speech is the result of many turnovers Court, but still remains disputed by some doctrine. To devote the commercial speech as a constitutional right can not only strengthen its protection, but also to create a connection between economy and the consitutional rights. Indeed, the economic nature of the commercial speech is in the middle of the discussions which it is the object, and causes it to be confronted on the one hand with the other constitutional rights, and on the other hand with the right of intellectual property and of new technologies. The presence of the commercial speech in these reflects the spread of the constitutional rights in the whole law. Finally, the recognition of this new constitutional right, under both civil and economic rights, highlights a revitalisation of the classifications' typologies of the constitutional rights.

Au-delà de son paradoxe polysémique, l’identité est une notion parfaitement définie par les différentes sciences humaines, tandis qu’en droit ses contours demeurent beaucoup plus flous. Que recouvre la notion juridique d’identité ? Le droit qui s’y rattache peut-il être qualifié de fondamental ? L’identité n’est pas seulement un ensemble d’éléments qui permet à l’État de nous différencier les uns des autres. Les procédés étatiques d’identification que sont l’état civil et les documents d’identité se trouvent confrontés aux thématiques actuelles et notamment sécuritaires. Mais l’identité, après avoir été pendant longtemps un monopole régalien, devient de plus en plus un support de revendications. En effet, l’identité tend à s’affranchir de plus en plus du cadre imposé par l’État pour permettre à l’individu d’exprimer son individualisation. Aujourd’hui, l’identité ne permet plus uniquement de répondre à la question « qui suis-je ? », mais également à « qui je veux être ? ». La revendication identitaire s’inscrit dans une démarche personnelle de reconnaissance de ses composantes essentielles. L’identité n’est pas en crise, elle est en réalité en pleine mutation. Si elle en connaissait éventuellement une, cela serait dans le sens originel tel que le psychologue Erik Erikson l’avait théorisée, à savoir la crise d’identité liée à l’adolescence. Ainsi, l’identité serait en transition avant de connaître l’âge adulte et la pleine consécration de sa reconnaissance juridique. Le droit de l’identité est en passe d’être complété par l’émergence d’un droit à l’identité, actuellement fragmenté, qui tend à être reconnu comme un véritable droit fondamental inhérent à la personne humaine / One of today’s debates which can no longer be ignored and which has been on everyone’s lips for several years is the concept of identity. It is at the heart of numerous and diverse problematics. Beyond its polysemous paradox, identity is a well-known notion in humanities, whereas in law its outlines are still unclear. What does the legal notion of identity integrate? Can the right to which it is linked be a fundamental one? Identity is not only a set of elements that allows the state to make a distinction between two persons. The official state identification procedures, like civil status and identity documents, have to face current themes and particularly security ones. But identity, after being a long-time state monopoly, is becoming more and more often a way to claim. Indeed, identity, versatile and evolving, is freeing itself from the state regulatory framework so that the individual can express himself and enhance its individualization. Today, identity is not only the answer to « who am I? » but also to « who do I want to be? » Identity claim is part of a personal approach of multiple recognitions such as sex, gender, name, religion and origin. In fact, there is no identity crisis. On the contrary, identity is actually changing. The only crisis it would face would be, as theorized by psychologist Erik Erikson, due to adolescence. Therefore, identity would face a transition before adulthood that would ensure full legal status recognition. The right of identity is being complemented by the emerging right to identity. Even if it is still fragmented, it tends to be recognized as a real fundamental right inherent to human person

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Catia Luciana Pereira.pdf: 17253259 bytes, checksum: 3081d3348b4705e00ed28b5ae73794e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Colégio Bandeirantes / The present thesis has as objective the investigation of the link between Portuguese Language and new technologies in classroom theory and practical exercises, due to the concern regarding Portuguese Language teaching in High School and its relation to technology and to the necessity to provide theoretical and methodological aid to support pedagogic practices that integrate these fields. For such, we surveyed official documents in this area, we sought to understand scientific knowledge related to both fields, we have analyzed a textbook chapter, we have verified if, in this chapter, such relations become effective considering the treatment given to the blog, and we propose a didactic sequence to complement the textbook approach. The student s communicative competence is a necessary condition to citizenship practice, as it allows the individuals to become critical readers that will know how to express themselves in both oral and written modalities of the language, adapting to the most diverse communicative situations. As the objective of Portuguese Language discipline at school today is to enable such communicative competence, it is nonsensical to keep separated, as it is traditionally done, the exercises of reading, interpreting, producing texts and analyzing grammar, as well as the exercises of digital technologies. This reality, which should connect the school role, the Portuguese Language teaching and technologies, leads us to formulate two research questions: 1 - What are the assumptions needed to conceive new technologies as Digital Pedagogy components? 2 - How does a High School textbook propose the articulation of the six Pedagogies of Linguistic Education? The Linguistic Education is the theoretical foundation of this study, especially when it comes to the integration of pedagogies of orality, writing, reading, lexicon-grammar and literature to which we add what we have denominated as digital pedagogy. This is proposed because digital competence is today one of the composing elements of communicative competence to be passed onto our students and, as we see it, just as important as the other types of competence / A presente dissertação objetiva investigar as relações entre Língua Portuguesa e as novas tecnologias na teoria e na prática de sala de aula, o que se justifica pela preocupação com o ensino de Língua Portuguesa no Ensino Médio e suas relações com a tecnologia e pela necessidade de fornecer subsídios teóricos e metodológicos para auxiliar a prática pedagógica que integre esses campos. Para tanto, fazemos um levantamento dos documentos oficiais sobre a área, buscamos compreender os saberes científicos relativos aos dois campos, analisamos o capítulo de um livro didático, verificando se nele tais relações se efetivam no tratamento dado ao blog, e propomos uma sequência didática que complemente a abordagem do livro didático. Como o objetivo da disciplina na escola hoje é o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa do estudante, condição necessária para o exercício da cidadania, de modo a que se torne um leitor crítico e saiba se expressar nas modalidades oral ou escrita da língua, adequando-se às mais diversas situações de comunicação, não faz sentido manter separadas, como tradicionalmente se faz, as práticas de leitura, interpretação, produção textual e gramática, muito menos as tecnologias digitais. Essa realidade, na qual deve haver relação entre a função da escola, o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e as tecnologias, leva-nos a formular duas perguntas de pesquisa: 1 - Quais os pressupostos para se conceberem as novas tecnologias como constituintes de uma Pedagogia do Digital? 2 - Como o livro didático do Ensino Médio propõe a articulação das seis Pedagogias da Educação Linguística? A Educação Linguística é a fundamentação teórica adotada neste trabalho, especialmente no tocante à integração das pedagogias da oralidade, da escrita, da leitura, léxico-gramatical e da literatura às quais acrescentamos o que denominamos de pedagogia do digital, já que a competência digital atualmente é também um dos elementos que compõem a competência comunicativa a ser desenvolvida em nossos estudantes e, a nosso ver, tão importante quanto as demais