Successful knowledge transfer is all about relationships. As anyone who has conducted research with non-academic partners knows, it takes a considerable amount of time and effort for these relationships to be fruitful. The great benefit of placing this work within the context of a community of practice is that it gives researchers and decision makers a structure within which to interact.<p> This study explored ways in which a community of practice framework can be used to develop and nurture relationships between researchers and decision makers. Further, it investigated how these communities of practice can be supported by online communications technologies. Its major contribution is the development, testing and refinement of a checklist of six ways that researchers can connect with decision makers in communities of practice, both in person and online. This checklist provides concrete, practical suggestions on how to develop an effective community of practice. Items in the checklist are based on both the academic literature on knowledge transfer and communities of practice, and the authors experience as part of an academic research unit focused on conducting collaborative research with community and government partners. Each item in the checklist was validated through interviews with members of two communities of practice. While the initial checklist had five items, a sixth was added following analysis of the interviews.<p> This checklist is generalizable, in that it can help guide any kind of community of practice, not just those in which members work on early childhood development issues, nor those communities in which researchers and decision makers interact. It is a valuable contribution to knowledge transfer methods at a time when both interest levels and efforts to improve knowledge implementation are widespread. The final checklist reads as follows:<p> A community of practice should:<p> 1. provide opportunities for regular interaction between community members;<p> 2. allow members to participate at varying levels that can change over time;<p> 3. provide both public and private spaces for interaction;<p> 4. document its goals, activities and outcomes, in order to develop a knowledge repository;<p> 5. identify and document the value of the community itself; and <p> 6. enlist the guidance of a technology champion in order to use online communications technologies effectively.

Successful knowledge transfer is all about relationships. As anyone who has conducted research with non-academic partners knows, it takes a considerable amount of time and effort for these relationships to be fruitful. The great benefit of placing this work within the context of a community of practice is that it gives researchers and decision makers a structure within which to interact.<p> This study explored ways in which a community of practice framework can be used to develop and nurture relationships between researchers and decision makers. Further, it investigated how these communities of practice can be supported by online communications technologies. Its major contribution is the development, testing and refinement of a checklist of six ways that researchers can connect with decision makers in communities of practice, both in person and online. This checklist provides concrete, practical suggestions on how to develop an effective community of practice. Items in the checklist are based on both the academic literature on knowledge transfer and communities of practice, and the authors experience as part of an academic research unit focused on conducting collaborative research with community and government partners. Each item in the checklist was validated through interviews with members of two communities of practice. While the initial checklist had five items, a sixth was added following analysis of the interviews.<p> This checklist is generalizable, in that it can help guide any kind of community of practice, not just those in which members work on early childhood development issues, nor those communities in which researchers and decision makers interact. It is a valuable contribution to knowledge transfer methods at a time when both interest levels and efforts to improve knowledge implementation are widespread. The final checklist reads as follows:<p> A community of practice should:<p> 1. provide opportunities for regular interaction between community members;<p> 2. allow members to participate at varying levels that can change over time;<p> 3. provide both public and private spaces for interaction;<p> 4. document its goals, activities and outcomes, in order to develop a knowledge repository;<p> 5. identify and document the value of the community itself; and <p> 6. enlist the guidance of a technology champion in order to use online communications technologies effectively.

Abstract is available to download.

L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en français. / In modern online advertising, advertisers tend to track Internet users' activities and use these tracking data to personalize ads. Even though this practice - known as extit{targeted advertising} - brings economic benefits to advertising companies, it raises serious concerns about potential abuses of users' sensitive data. While such privacy violations, if performed by trackers, are subject to be regulated by laws and audited by privacy watchdogs, the consequences of data leakage from these trackers to other entities are much more difficult to detect and control. Protecting user privacy is not easy since preventing tracking undermines the benefits of targeted advertising and consequently impedes the growth of free content and services on the Internet, which are mainly fostered by advertising revenue. While short-term measures, such as detecting and fixing privacy leakages in current systems, are necessary, there needs to be a long-term approach, such as privacy-by-design ad model, to protect user privacy by prevention rather than cure. In the first part of this thesis, we study several vulnerabilities in current advertising systems that leak user data from advertising companies to external entities. First, since targeted ads are personalized to each user, we present an attack exploiting these ads on the fly to infer user private information that have been used to select ads. Second, we investigate common ad exchange protocols, which allow companies to cooperate in serving ads to users, and show that advertising companies are leaking user private information, such as web browsing history, to multiple parties participating in the protocols. These web browsing histories are given to these entities at surprisingly low prices, reflecting the fact that user privacy is extremely underestimated by the advertising industry.In the second part of the thesis, we propose a privacy-by-design targeted advertising model which allows personalizing ads to users without the necessity of tracking. This model is specifically aimed for the two newly emerging ad technologies - retargeting advertising and ad exchange. We show that this model provides strong protection for user privacy while still ensuring ad targeting performance and being practically deployable.

Submitted by Karem Dantas (karem.c.dantas@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T12:51:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL PDF.pdf: 2490688 bytes, checksum: b980067f75f231e8bb516a1d40bc673c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Roberto Gomes (mrobertosg@gmail.com) on 2018-10-08T14:48:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL PDF.pdf: 2490688 bytes, checksum: b980067f75f231e8bb516a1d40bc673c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-09T17:22:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL PDF.pdf: 2490688 bytes, checksum: b980067f75f231e8bb516a1d40bc673c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T17:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO FINAL PDF.pdf: 2490688 bytes, checksum: b980067f75f231e8bb516a1d40bc673c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-13 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The transformation of material culture into postmodern societies has made the clinging between society and technology a source for new social phenomena which emerge in the contemporary world. From the last third of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, it was noted that technology came to be the own fabric in which human activities occur and not only as something external or alien to society. In this regard, the use Internet resources in electoral campaigns has become increasingly relevant, the formation of emblematic political scenarios in various electoral contexts has reconfigured strategies not only between candidates and parties, but among all political actors involved in the electoral process. The massive use of the new communication platforms has made possible new political experiences which can lead to the expansion of the debate to the political participation of civil society in the issues of the Res-publica. With the intention of understanding the insertion of the new social technologies in the contemporary electoral campaigns, this research aimed to analyze the use of the social network Facebook during the elections to supplement the government of the Amazonas state at 2017. The research contemplated two investigative scopes: the first aimed to verify the use of Facebook as a campaign tool by the political class. In order to do that, it was collected posts from the official pages of the candidates during the first round of the electoral campaign seeking to identify the communication strategies used by the political class to reach the electorate in the virtual environment. For the treatment of the data (posts) from the pages, it was decided to use the Quantitative Content Analysis, since this search identifies patterns / correlations from a large number of data. For the categorization of the postings, it was used the codebook developed by Massuchin and Tavares, which deals with the main political strategies employed by candidates in the virtual environment. The second scope of the research, analyzed the democratic potential of network communication. To do this, an online questionnaire was applied in order to examine the extent of the Facebook's use as a platform for political interaction among voters in the Amazonas state during the electoral process. The results indicated that the Facebook as well as other virtual social networks were widely used by both candidates and voters during the supplementary elections. In relation to the candidates’ use, it was verified the predominance of communication strategies already used in the traditional Electoral Propaganda. The candidates used the Facebook and others digital social networks as an extension of the campaign spread in traditional media with timid innovative initiatives in view of the resources of the new distributed communication platforms. Regarding the use made by the voters, the results obtained through the online questionnaire allowed to infer that the political interactions woven in the virtual environment during the electoral period of the supplementary elections occurred between the own users of the network and not from the candidates’ pages. However, the postings of the candidates had great repercussion in view of the inadvertent exposure in digital social networks. / A transformação da cultura material nas sociedades pós-modernas tem tornado o imbricamento entre sociedade e tecnologia a origem para novos fenômenos sociais que emergem na contemporaneidade. A partir do último terço do século XX e início do século XXI, notou-se que a tecnologia passou a se apresentar como próprio tecido no qual ocorrem as atividades humanas e não somente como algo externo ou alheio à sociedade. Neste tocante, a utilização dos recursos proporcionados pela internet em campanhas eleitorais tem adquirido uma relevância crescente, a formação de cenários políticos emblemáticos ocorridos em diversos contextos eleitorais tem reconfigurado estratégias não apenas entre candidatos e partidos, mas entre todos os atores políticos envolvidos no processo eleitoral. O uso massivo das novas plataformas comunicacionais tem possibilitado novas experiências políticas que podem levar a ampliação do debate até a participação política da sociedade civil nas questões da Res-pública. Com a intenção de compreender a inserção das novas tecnologias sociais nas campanhas eleitorais contemporâneas, esta pesquisa buscou analisar o uso da Rede Social Facebook durante as eleições suplementares ao governo do estado do Amazonas de 2017. A pesquisa contemplou dois escopos investigativos: o primeiro buscou verificar o uso do Facebook como ferramenta de campanha pela classe política. Para tal, foram coletadas, das páginas oficiais dos candidatos, postagens realizadas durante o primeiro turno da campanha eleitoral buscando identificar as estratégias comunicacionais utilizadas pela classe política para alcançar o eleitorado na ambiência virtual. Para o tratamento dos dados (postagens) oriundos das páginas, optou-se por utilizar a Análise de conteúdo quantitativo, pois esta busca identificar padrões/ correlações a partir de um grande número de dados. Para a categorização das postagens, lançou-se mão do livro de códigos desenvolvido por Massuchin e Tavares, que versa sobre as principais estratégias políticas empregadas por candidatos na ambiência virtual. Já o segundo foco da pesquisa, analisou o potencial democrático da comunicação em rede. Para tanto, foi aplicado um questionário online em 100 cidadãos eleitores do estado do Amazonas, na intenção de examinar a extensão do uso do Facebook como plataforma de interação política entre os cidadãos eleitores do estado do Amazonas, durante o referido pleito eleitoral. Para análise dados obtidos através do questionário, foi utilizada a técnica de análise descritiva. Dentre os resultados alcançados destacamos que o Facebook, bem como outras redes sociais virtuais foram amplamente utilizadas, tanto por candidatos quanto por eleitores, durante as eleições suplementares. Em relação ao uso dos candidatos, constatou-se o predomínio de estratégias de comunicação já utilizadas na Propaganda Eleitoral tradicional. Os candidatos utilizaram o Facebook e outras redes sociais digitais como uma extensão da campanha difundida nas mídias tradicionais, com tímidas iniciativas inovadoras, tendo em vista os recursos das novas plataformas de comunicação distribuída. Já em relação ao uso feito pelos eleitores, os resultados obtidos por meio do questionário online permitiram inferir que as interações políticas tecidas na ambiência virtual, durante o período eleitoral das eleições suplementares, ocorreram entre os próprios usuários das redes e não por meio das páginas dos candidatos. No entanto, as postagens dos candidatos tiveram grande repercussão tendo em vista a exposição inadvertida característica das redes sociais digitais.

[pt] As tecnologias digitais para a gravação de música e sua distribuição em suportes físicos como o CD iniciou modificações nas dinâmicas profissionais de musicistas desde as duas últimas décadas do século passado. Com a virada do milênio, somaram-se a elas as tecnologias digitais de interação e comunicação online, promovidas especialmente pela chegada e popularização da internet. Juntas, as tecnologias digitais de gravação e as digitais online de interação e comunicação, vêm impondo ressignificações a toda uma ordem de relacionamentos canonizada há anos, que modifica papéis de praticamente todos/as os/as atores/atrizes deste campo. Neste estudo, pesquisei consequências destas tecnologias digitais e online sobre as práticas profissionais de músicos/as, à luz de teorias da comunicação, especialmente num olhar mais pragmático para o qual fui buscar referências em teóricos da Ecologia das Mídias. Pesquisei também a produção acadêmica brasileira do campo da comunicação sobre TICs e música, dos primeiros 20 anos deste século. Fui ao campo e entrevistei em profundidade 22 profissionais da música, de diferentes idades, gêneros musicais e principalmente estágios de usos destas novas tecnologias procurando entender o que há de significativo e recorrente em suas práticas profissionais contemporânea neste novo mundo da música. Em 40 anos muita coisa mudou, desde uma indústria que perdeu hegemonias mantidas ao redor da comercialização de música em suportes físicos, até os/as musicistas que passaram a compor, produzir, distribuir e divulgar suas canções de dentro de seus quartos, em seus modernos e acessíveis home studios, mediando seus processos de forma autônoma para todos os cantos do mundo. Há um novo musicista na cena. Digital, online, multidisciplinar, conectado a economias de escala, desfiando os paradigmas da velha indústria, encantado/a e motivado/a por uma suposta nova democracia. / [en] Digital technologies for recording music and distributing it on physical media such as CDs initiated changes in the professional dynamics of musicians since the last two decades of the last century. With the turn of the millennium, digital technologies for online interaction and communication were added to them, especially promoted by the arrival and popularization of the internet. Together, digital recording technologies and digital online interaction and communication technologies have been imposing new meanings on a whole order of relationships canonized for years, which modifies the roles of practically all actors/actresses in this field. In this study, I researched the consequences of these digital and online technologies on the professional practices of musicians, in the light of communication theories, especially in a more pragmatic look for which I sought references in theorists of Media Ecology. I also researched the Brazilian academic production in the field of communication about ICTs and music, from the first 20 years of this century. I went to the field and interviewed in depth 22 music professionals, of different ages, musical genres and mainly stages of use of these new technologies, trying to understand what is significant and recurrent in their contemporary professional practices in this new world of music. In 40 years a lot has changed, from an industry that lost hegemonies maintained around the sale of music on physical media, to musicians who began to compose, produce, distribute and promote their songs from inside their rooms, in their modern and affordable home studios, mediating their processes autonomously for all corners of the world. There is a new musician on the scene. Digital, online, multidisciplinary, connected to economies of scale, unraveling the paradigms of the old industry, delighted and motivated by a supposed new democracy.