Neste trabalho estudamos a equação de ondas do tipo p-Laplaciano \'u IND. tt\' - \'DELTA\' IND.p u + \'(- \'DELTA\' POT. alpha\' u IND. t\' = \' [u] POT.q - 2 u, definida num domínio limitado limitado do \'R POT. n\', com 2 \' > ou = \' p < q e 0 < \' alpha\' < 1. Utilizando o método de Faedo-Galerkin provamos a existência de soluções fracas globais para dados iniciais pequenos. Para essas soluções estudamos também o decaimento polinomial da energia associada. A questão da não existência de soluções globais é considerada para o caso em que a energia inicial do sistema é negativa / In this work we study the p-Laplacian wave equation \'u IND. tt\' - \' DELTA\' IND p u + \'(- \'DELTA\' POT. \'alpha\' \' u IND. t\' = \'[u] POT. q - 2 u, defined in a bounded domain of \'R POT n\', with 2 \'> or =\' p < q and 0 < \' alpha\' < 1. By using the Faedo-Galerkin method we prove the existence of weak global solutions for small initial data. We also study the polynomial decay of the associate energy. The blow-up of solutions in finite time is considered for negative initial energy

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine mathématique de l’analyse des équations aux dérivées partielles non linéaires. Précisément, nous nous sommes intéressés à une classe de problèmes elliptiques et paraboliques avec coefficients singuliers. Ce manque de régularité pose un certain nombre de difficultés qui ne permettent pas d’utiliser directement les méthodes classiques de l’analyse non-linéaire fondées entre autres sur des résultats de compacité. Dans les démonstrations des principaux résultats, nous montrons comment pallier ces difficultés. Ceci suppose d’adapter certaines techniques bien connues mais aussi d’introduire de nouvelles méthodes. Dans ce contexte, une étape importante est l’estimation fine du comportement des solutions qui permet d’adapter le principe de comparaison faible, d’utiliser la régularité elliptique et parabolique et d’appliquer dans un nouveau contexte la théorie globale de la bifurcation analytique. La thèse se présente sous forme de deux parties indépendantes. 1- Dans la première partie (chapitre I de la thèse), nous avons étudié un problème quasi-linéaire parabolique fortement singulier faisant intervenir l’opérateur p-Laplacien. On a démontré l’existence locale et la régularité de solutions faibles. Ce résultat repose sur des estimations a priori obtenues via l’utilisation d’inégalités de type log-Sobolev combinées à des inégalités de Gagliardo-Nirenberg. On démontre l’unicité de la solution pour un intervalle de valeurs du paramètre de la singularité en utilisant un principe de comparaison faible fondé sur la monotonie d’un opérateur non linéaire adéquat. 2- Dans la deuxième partie (correspondant aux Chapitres II, III et IV de la thèse), nous sommes intéressés à l’étude de problèmes de bifurcation globale. On a établi pour ces problèmes l’existence de continuas non bornés de solutions qui admettent localement une paramétrisation analytique. Pour établir ces résultats, nous faisons appel à différents outils d’analyse non linéaire. Un outil important est la théorie analytique de la bifurcation globale qui a été introduite par Dancer (voir Chapitre II de la thèse). Pour un problème semi linéaire elliptique avec croissance critique en dimension 2, on montre que les solutions le long de la branche convergent vers une solution singulière (solution non bornée) lorsque la norme des solutions converge vers l’infini. Par ailleurs nous montrons que la branche admet une infinité dénombrable de "points de retournement" correspondant à un changement de l’indice de Morse des solutions qui tend vers l’infini le long de la branche. / This thesis is concerned with the mathematical study of nonlinear partial differential equations. Precisely, we have investigated a class of nonlinear elliptic and parabolic problems with singular coefficients. This lack of regularity involves some difficulties which prevent the straight-orward application of classical methods of nonlinear analysis based on compactness results. In the proofs of the main results, we show how to overcome these difficulties. Precisely we adapt some well-known techniques together with the use of new methods. In this framework, an important step is to estimate accurately the solutions in order to apply the weak comparison principle, to use the regularity theory of parabolic and elliptic equations and to develop in a new context the analytic theory of global bifurcation. The thesis presents two independent parts. 1- In the first part (corresponding to Chapter I), we are interested by a nonlinear and singular parabolic equation involving the p-Laplacian operator. We established for this problem that for any non-negative initial datum chosen in a certain Lebeque space, there exists a local positive weak solution. For that we use some a priori bounds based on logarithmic Sobolev inequalities to get ultracontractivity of the associated semi-group. Additionaly, for a range of values of the singular coefficient, we prove the uniqueness of the solution and further regularity results. 2- In the second part (corresponding to Chapters II, III and IV of the thesis), we are concerned with the study of global bifurcation problems involving singular nonlinearities. We establish the existence of a piecewise analytic global path of solutions to these problems. For that we use crucially the analytic bifurcation theory introduced by Dancer (described in Chapter II of the thesis). In the frame of a class of semilinear elliptic problems involving a critical nonlinearity in two dimensions, we further prove that the piecewise analytic path of solutions admits asymptotically a singular solution (i.e. an unbounded solution), whose Morse index is infinite. As a consequence, this path admits a countable infinitely many “turning points” where the Morse index is increasing.

Dans cette thèse, nous donnons des résultats d’existence, de non-existence, d’unicité et de multiplicité de solutions pour des équations aux dérivées partielles avec croissance critique dans le gradient. Les principales méthodes utilisées dans nos preuves sont des arguments variationnels, la théorie des sous et sur-solutions, des estimations à priori et la théorie de la bifurcation. La thèse se compose de six chapitres. Dans le chapitre 0 nous introduisons le sujet de thèse et nous présentons les résultats principaux. Le chapitre 1 porte sur l’´étude d’une équation du type p-Laplacien avec croissance critique dans le gradient et dépendant d’un paramètre. En fonction de l’intervalle où se trouve le paramètre, nous obtenons l’existence et l’unicité d’une solution ou nous montrons l’existence et la multiplicité de solutions. Dans les chapitres 2 et 3, nous poursuivons notre étude dans le cas où l’opérateur utilisé est le Laplacien mais, contrairement au chapitre 1, nous étudions le cas où les coefficients changent de signe. Nous obtenons à nouveau des résultats d’existence et de multiplicité de solutions. Dans le chapitre 4, nous étudions des problèmes nonlocaux du type Laplacien fractionnaire avec différents termes de gradient non-local. Nous montrons des résultats d’existence et de non-existence de solutions pour différentes équations de ce type. Finalement, dans le chapitre 5 nous présentons quelques problèmes ouverts liés au contenu de la thèse et des perspectives de recherche. / In this thesis, we provide existence, non-existence, uniqueness and multiplicity results for partial differential equations with critical growth in the gradient. The principal techniques employed in our proofs are variational techniques, lower and upper solution theory, a priori estimates and bifurcation theory. The thesis consists of six chapters. In chapter 0, we introduce the topic of the thesis and we present the main results. Chapter 1 deals with a p-Laplacian type equation with critical growth in the gradient. This equation will depend on a real parameter. Depending on the interval where this parameter lives, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of one solution or we prove the existence and multiplicity of solutions. In chapters 2 and 3, we continue our study in the case where the operator is the Laplacian. However, unlike chapter 1, we study the case where the coefficient functions may change sign. We obtain again existence and multiplicity results. In chapter 4, we study non-local problems of fractional Laplacian type with different non-local gradient terms. We prove existence and non-existence results for different equations of this type. Finally, in chapter 5, we present some open problems related to the content of the thesis and some research perspectives.

This dissertation was to study computational theory and methods for ?nding multiple saddle critical points in Banach spaces. Two local minimax methods were developed for this purpose. One was for unconstrained cases and the other was for constrained cases. First, two local minmax characterization of saddle critical points in Banach spaces were established. Based on these two local minmax characterizations, two local minimax algorithms were designed. Their ?ow charts were presented. Then convergence analysis of the algorithms were carried out. Under certain assumptions, a subsequence convergence and a point-to-set convergence were obtained. Furthermore, a relation between the convergence rates of the functional value sequence and corresponding gradient sequence was derived. Techniques to implement the algorithms were discussed. In numerical experiments, those techniques have been successfully implemented to solve for multiple solutions of several quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and multiple eigenpairs of the well known nonlinear p-Laplacian operator. Numerical solutions were presented by their pro?les for visualization. Several interesting phenomena of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and the eigenpairs of the p-Laplacian operator have been observed and are open for further investigation. As a generalization of the above results, nonsmooth critical points were considered for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals. A local minmax characterization of nonsmooth saddle critical points was also established. To establish its version in Banach spaces, a new notion, pseudo-generalized-gradient has to be introduced. Based on the characterization, a local minimax algorithm for ?nding multiple nonsmooth saddle critical points was proposed for further study.

This dissertation was to study computational theory and methods for ?nding multiple saddle critical points in Banach spaces. Two local minimax methods were developed for this purpose. One was for unconstrained cases and the other was for constrained cases. First, two local minmax characterization of saddle critical points in Banach spaces were established. Based on these two local minmax characterizations, two local minimax algorithms were designed. Their ?ow charts were presented. Then convergence analysis of the algorithms were carried out. Under certain assumptions, a subsequence convergence and a point-to-set convergence were obtained. Furthermore, a relation between the convergence rates of the functional value sequence and corresponding gradient sequence was derived. Techniques to implement the algorithms were discussed. In numerical experiments, those techniques have been successfully implemented to solve for multiple solutions of several quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and multiple eigenpairs of the well known nonlinear p-Laplacian operator. Numerical solutions were presented by their pro?les for visualization. Several interesting phenomena of the solutions of quasilinear elliptic boundary value problems and the eigenpairs of the p-Laplacian operator have been observed and are open for further investigation. As a generalization of the above results, nonsmooth critical points were considered for locally Lipschitz continuous functionals. A local minmax characterization of nonsmooth saddle critical points was also established. To establish its version in Banach spaces, a new notion, pseudo-generalized-gradient has to be introduced. Based on the characterization, a local minimax algorithm for ?nding multiple nonsmooth saddle critical points was proposed for further study.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-08T20:06:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ DE BRITO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2013..pdf: 535262 bytes, checksum: eb7f0d4f7e69b8a4b86d3e1dc0f16739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T20:06:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ DE BRITO SILVA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2013..pdf: 535262 bytes, checksum: eb7f0d4f7e69b8a4b86d3e1dc0f16739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10 / Capes / Neste trabalho discutiremos a existência de soluções fracas positivas para um sistema do (p, q)-Laplaciano com mudança de sinal nas funções de peso, com domínio limitado e fronteira suave. Para garantir a existência de soluções fracas positivas primeiramente asseguraremos a solução positiva de um problema calásico que é o problema de autovalor do p-laplaciano, e do problema "linear"do p-laplaciano com condição zero de Dirichlet. Feito isto usaremos a existência destas soluções para assegurar que o problema em questão admite solução fraca positiva, via o método das sub-super-soluções / In this work we discuss the existence of weak positive solutions for a system (p, q)- Laplacian with change of sign in the weight functions with bounded domain and smooth boundary. To ensure the existence of weak positive solutions first will ensure a positive solution to a classic problem that is the problem eigenvalue p-Laplacian value, and the "linear"problem with zero condition p-Laplacian Dirichelt. Having done this we use the existence of these solutions to ensure that the problem in question admits a weak positive solution via the method of sub-super-solutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3111180 bytes, checksum: 6016827aa037226f3d419628a23b8daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, using variational methods and the sub and super solutions method we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for some classes of problems involving the p-Laplacian operator in bounded domains of RN. Initially, we study a result of existence of positive solution for a problem where the nonlinearity does not satisfy the classical Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition, and then we study the existence and multiplicity result of positive solutions for a class of problems where the considered nonlinearity can change sign. / Neste trabalho, utilizando métodos variacionais e o método de sub e supersolução estudamos a existência e multiplicidade de soluções positivas para algumas classes de problemas envolvendo o operador p-Laplaciano em domínios limitados do RN: Inicial- mente, estudamos um resultado de existência de solução positiva para um problema onde a não-linearidade não satisfaz a clássica condição de Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz, e em seguida estudamos um resultado de existência e multiplicidade de soluções positivas para uma classe de problemas onde a não-linearidade pode mudar de sinal.

Orientadores: José Luiz Boldrini, Gabriela del Valle Planas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T11:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_LuisHenriquede_D.pdf: 3635408 bytes, checksum: a6e3a474ac371040a5d83a9b68f274e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise matemática da influência das correntes de convecção em um processo de solidificação irreversível. A análise será feita quanto ao aspecto da existência de soluções de certos modelos matemáticos para a situação. Consideraremos dois modelos para este fenômeno que pode ser observado em diversos tipos de polímeros. Como veremos, em um dos modelos teremos o acoplamento entre uma Equação de Navier-Stokes Singular, responsável pela movimentação macroscópica da parte não sólida e uma inclusão diferencial responsável pela transição líquido/sólido. No outro, analisaremos a interação entre uma Equação de Stokes Singular e uma inclusão diferencial quase linear. As dificuldades matemáticas em cada um desses casos são consideráveis pois ambos são problemas de fronteira livre relacionados com inclusões diferenciais não lineares, sendo que uma delas envolve operadores degenerados (p-laplacianos). Para que nossa análise fosse possível, foi necessário que aprimorássemos as ferramentas matemáticas disponíveis. Essencialmente nossa contribuição foi adaptar alguns resultados já existentes no contexto de equações mais simples para sistemas de equações mais complexos. Dentre as contribuições paralelas, destacamos resultados sobre teoria de regularidade para equações degeneradas, estimativas de termos de fronteira 'non-standard', algumas estimativas a priori e um pouco sobre espaços de Sobolev fracionários / Abstract: The objective of this work is the mathematical analysis of the influence of convection currents in an irreversible solidification process. The analysis will be concentrated in the aspects of the existence of solutions of certain mathematical models for the situation. We will consider two models for this phenomenon which can be observed in several kinds of polymers. As we shall see, in one case we have a coupling between Singular Navier- Stokes Equations, which take into account for the macroscopic motion of the mushy region and a differential inclusion which is related to the liquid/solid transition. In the other, we analyze the interaction between a Singular Stokes equation and a quasi linear differential inclusion. The mathematical difficulties in each of these cases are considerable since both consist of free boundary problems associated with nonlinear differential inclusions, one of which involves degenerated operators (p-laplacians). In order to make our analysis possible, some improvements of the available mathematical tools were necessary. Essentially, our contribution was to adapt the existent results for equations in a simpler context to more complex systems of equations. Amongst the contributions, we highlight results on regularity theory for degenerate equations, estimates of non-standard boundary terms, some a priori estimates and some results about fractional Sobolev spaces / Doutorado / Analise / Doutor em Matemática

Neste trabalho estudamos a equação de ondas do tipo p-Laplaciano \'u IND. tt\' - \'DELTA\' IND.p u + \'(- \'DELTA\' POT. alpha\' u IND. t\' = \' [u] POT.q - 2 u, definida num domínio limitado limitado do \'R POT. n\', com 2 \' > ou = \' p < q e 0 < \' alpha\' < 1. Utilizando o método de Faedo-Galerkin provamos a existência de soluções fracas globais para dados iniciais pequenos. Para essas soluções estudamos também o decaimento polinomial da energia associada. A questão da não existência de soluções globais é considerada para o caso em que a energia inicial do sistema é negativa / In this work we study the p-Laplacian wave equation \'u IND. tt\' - \' DELTA\' IND p u + \'(- \'DELTA\' POT. \'alpha\' \' u IND. t\' = \'[u] POT. q - 2 u, defined in a bounded domain of \'R POT n\', with 2 \'> or =\' p < q and 0 < \' alpha\' < 1. By using the Faedo-Galerkin method we prove the existence of weak global solutions for small initial data. We also study the polynomial decay of the associate energy. The blow-up of solutions in finite time is considered for negative initial energy

Η παρούσα διατριβή ερευνητικά εντάσσεται στην περιοχή της Μη Γραμμικής Ανάλυσης και ειδικότερα στην επίλυση Μη Γραμμικών Ελλειπτικών Μερικών Διαφορικών Εξισώσεων (Μ.Δ.Ε.) με υπερκρίσιμο εκθέτη. Η μη γραμμικότητα δεν επιτρέπει την επίλυση των εξισώσεων αυτών χρησιμοποιώντας τις συμπαγείς εμφυτεύσεις. Αξιοποιώντας τις ιδιότητες συμμετρίας που παρουσιάζει η πολλαπλότητα, αφενός παρακάμπτουμε το εμπόδιο αυτό και αφετέρου επιτυγχάνουμε να επιλύσουμε εξισώσεις αυτού του τύπου με υπερκρίσιμο εκθέτη. Στο πρώτο μέρος της Διατριβής υπολογίζουμε την πρώτη βέλτιστη σταθερά στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev και στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev με σύνορο στον στερεό τόρο, μελετάμε το φαινόμενο της συμπύκνωσης και επιλύουμε τα προβλήματα (P1) και (P2). Στο δεύτερο μέρος υπολογίζουμε την πρώτη βέλτιστη σταθερά στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev και στη γενική ανισότητα Sobolev με σύνορο σε μια λεία, συμπαγή, n-διάστατη, n\geq 3, πολλαπλότητα Riemann (M,g) με σύνορο, που είναι αναλλοίωτη από τη δράση μιας οποιασδήποτε συμπαγούς υποομάδας G της ομάδας των ισομετριών Is(M,g) της Μ και της οποίας όλες οι G-τροχιές έχουν άπειρο πληθάριθμο και κάνουμε μια σύντομη παρουσίαση των λύσεων των προβλημάτων (P3) και (P4). / The present Thesis is incorporated in the research area of Nonlinear Analysis, especially solvability of Nonlinear Elliptic PDE’s with supercritical exponent.The nonlinear nature of the equations makes it impossible to be solved by means of compact imbeddings. Taking advantage of the symmetry properties of the manifold we overcome the obstacle as well as we succeed in solving equations of this type possessing supercritical exponent. In the first part of the Thesis we calculate the first best constant in the general Sobolev inequality and in the general Sobolev trace inequality on the solid torus, we study the phenomenon of concentration and solve problems (P1) and (P2).In the second part we calculate the first best constant in the general Sobolev inequality and in the general Sobolev trace inequality on a smooth, compact, n−dimensional Riemannian manifold (M, g), n _ 3, with boundary, which is invariant under the action of a subgroup G of the isometry group Is(M, g) of M, the orbits of which have infinity cardinality. We also present brief solutions of problems (P3) and (P4).