Forskning kring förändringsblindhet har hittills undersökt hur fenomenet gör sig gällande i naturliga situationer och vanliga visuella scener. Denna undersökning syftar till att testa hur förändringsblindhet framträder vid användning av webbsidor samt att undersöka vilka typer av förändringar som är lättare respektive svårare att upptäcka på dessa. 20 studenter testades med datoriserade bildspel utformade i fyra kategorier av förändring. Rensinks flicker paradigm användes som förändringsmetod. Resultaten visade att; det var lättare att upptäcka en förändring som inte består av en bild av en person än en med en bild av en person och det är svårare att lokalisera en förändring på vänster sida än på höger. Webbsidornas komplexitet förefaller inte vara avgörande för detektionstiden, och stora förändringar är lättare att se än små. Att olika typer av förändringar är olika svåra att upptäcka kan tyda på att fokuserad uppmärksamhet är olika känslig för olika typer av förändringar. Resultaten påvisar att förändringsblindhet är ett generellt perceptionspsykologiskt fenomen som kan uppstå även på webbsidor.

Forskardebatten kring 1809 års regeringsform har tidigare inte ägnats mycket uppmärksamhet, och då har det varit en snäv fokusering kring forskningen kring regeringsformens ursprung. Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa debatten i ett bredare perspektiv, där såväl debatten kring regeringsformens ursprung som dess följder lyfts fram. Syftet var också att placera forskarna inom historievetenskapliga och statsvetenskapliga paradigm. Utifrån delar av Törnebohms och Odéns byggstenar analyserades avhandlingar och artiklar för att kunna placera forskarna inom de olika paradigmen. Undersökningens källmaterial utgjordes av åtta forskares avhandlingar, och i vissa fall artiklar. Resultatet visade att forskarna, med ett undantag, kan placeras in i de rådande normerna inom statsvetenskapen. Historievetenskapligt visade det sig att forskarna inte enhetligt kunde placeras inom ett paradigm. Därför lämpar det sig kanske bättre att prata om mindre paradigm inom den stora disciplinen.

This paper reports the initial investigation of the possibility of identifying an entrepreneurial orientation among subjects who have undergone a venture identification and creation experience. The basis for the development of the measurement model were characteristics identified from the literature as forming the emerging entrepreneur paradigm. The purpose of the longitudinal research is to establish a methodology for the identification of people possessing entrepreneurial potential and whose further development could then be encouraged. Variables in the model which proved to be predictors of entrepreneurial orientation included Locus of Control which is a very strong entrepreneurial orientation. Attitude Towards Risk proved to be a predictor of a general interest in entrepreneurial activities, supporting findings in the literature. Significantly, a new variable was identified out of scales measuring Personal Objectives (PO). A strong link was found between the nature of personal skill advantages, objectives and interests fulfilled during the experimental project and entrepreneurial orientation. SOMMAIRE Cet article rend compte de travaux initiaux sur la determination de l'esprit d'entreprise de sujets qui ont fait une experience supposant la prise de risques et un recours à la création. Le modèle de mesure a été élaboré à partir de caractéristiques trouvées dans les livres pertinents sur ce qui constitue l'archetype de l'entrepreneur en puissance. La recherche longitudinale vise a trouver des méthodes pour déterminer les personnes douées d'un esprit d'entreprise dont on peut favoriser le développement. Parmi les variables du modèle qui se sont révélées être des indices d'esprit d'entreprise, figure le "lieu géométrique d'autorité", un critère très important. II s'est avéré que l'attitude face au risque était un indice d'intérêt général pour les activités reliées à l'esprit d'entreprise, ce qui corrobore les constatations des écrits sur la question. Une nouvelle variable a été dégagée des échelles qui mesurent les objectifs personnels(OP). On a, en effet, découvert un lien étroit entre les aptitudes, les objectifs et les intérêts personnels concrétisés au cours du projet expérimental, d'une part, et l'esprit d'entreprise, d'autre part. / This research was funded in part by a Social Sciences & Humanities Research Council of Canada block grant.

Ortopedingenjören har rätt till legitimation sedan 1 april 2006. Hur ortopedingenjören upplever denna förändring av yrkets förutsättningar och hur de ser på den egna yrkesprofessionen saknas det i dagsläget kunskap om. Syftet med studien var att identifiera och karakterisera ortopedingenjörens yrkesparadigm, det vill säga ortopedingenjörers syn på sin profession och sitt yrkesutövande. Syftet var vidare att ställa ovanstående begrepp i relation till före och efter legitimering. Denna studie utfördes med en kvalitativ metod. Fyra fokusgrupper som bestod av fyra till sex legitimerade ortopedingenjörer i varje grupp intervjuades med Nominalgruppteknik (NGT). Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys identifierades 19 kategorier som sammanfördes i sex teman. Dessa sex teman som framkom relaterades till Törnebohms paradigmteori: Intresse, Kompetens, Världsbild och Verksamhetssyn. Resultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde att det är viktigt med uppföljning och utvärdering av ortopedtekniska behandlingar, men att det idag saknas möjligheter inom ramen för yrkesprofessionen att utföra detta på grund av tidsbrist. Vidare visade studien att det finns skillnader mellan respondenternas etiska medvetenhet och uppfattning om hur långt det egna ansvaret sträcker sig som legitimerad ortopedingenjör. Slutsatsen blir att det är viktigt att ortopedingenjörerna tar ett personligt ansvar och att verksamheten ta sig tid för uppföljning och utvärdering. Det är också viktigt att de etiska reglerna klargörs.

The Egyptian protest movement which brought down the Egyptian regime headed by President Hosni Mubarak, not only gripped the minds and hearts of the Egyptians, but it captured the interest of the national and international media as well.   The research aims at answering questions related to the kind of frames employed in four newspapers; namely, Al-Ahram, Al-Masry Al-Youm, The Telegraph and The Washington Post, in light of the protest paradigm, in addition to the way the same four newspapers tried to explore and identify the characteristics of war and peace journalism, according to Galtung’s dichotomous model, not to mention to trace how the four newspapers in hand depicted the protesters.   To achieve this, two methods were applied in this study; notably, frame analysis, and critical discourse analysis. A sample of 60 news articles and editorial pieces was thoroughly examined and taken from the aforementioned four newspapers. The derived non-random samples were covering the events of the Egyptian Revolution from the eruption on January 25, till February 17, 2011; means one week after toppling the regime and the resignation of the Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak on February 11, 2011.    The study revealed that the national newspapers; Al-Ahram and Al-Masry Al-Youm, were more prone to accentuate protesters’ acts of violence, albeit Al-Ahram showed a propensity toward using official sources at the expenses of voicing protesters, compared to Al-Masry Al-Youm. However, The Telegraph’s and The Washington Post’s coverage was more shifting away from the protest paradigm.   Similarly, the national newspapers in hand, were leaning more towards war-reporting; resorting to victimizing language in addition to a language of good and bad dichotomous, not to mention to abstain from exposing the untruth of all parties involved. However, The Telegraph and The Washington Post were adhering to peace-reporting; using extensively people sources and exposing the black and whites of all parties in the problem, in addition to taking the side of protesters and depicting them positively. From the findings, the study may reach a conclusion that the more a newspaper’s coverage adheres to the protest paradigm, the more it inclines to war-reporting. On the other hand, the more a newspaper’s coverage shifting away from the protest paradigm, the more it conforms to peace journalism.

Under Hösten 2011 startade ett mediedrev mot Socialdemokraternas partiledare Håkan Juholt, där han anklagades för att ha bluffat till sig för mycket i bostadsbidrag. Den här uppsatsens uppgift är att undersöka vilka strategier Juholt använde sig av i sina försvarstal utifrån statusläran och om han argumenterade efter det. Undersökningen är intressant då Juholt misslyckades i sin kommunikation till allmänheten under krisens gång. Jag fann att det man trodde var en ursäkt från början visade det sig vara undvikande av ansvar. Även medias roll visade sig ha en avgörande betydelse då de satte dagordningen. De retoriska begrepp och teorier jag använder mig av är centrala inom retoriken och då särskilt inom genus judiciale (försvarstal). Med utgångspunkt ur dessa begrepp kan man sedan forma sig en mall som kan ge vägledning i ett försvarstal.

This project sets as its goal the development of an Intelligent Design paradigm that makes falsifiable predictions. According to Karl Popper, such falsifiability is a key component of scientific theories. To accomplish this, two hypothetical historical narratives are first outlined based on guided processes and the design points they predict. A biochemical approach to characterizing organisms then defines a protein's global functional limits as determining the set of amino acids that allow it to successfully perform its functions in any situation. The local functional limits restrict this potential substitution set to only those proteins viable within an individual genetic background. Proteins are referred to as the first-order of specified complexity because a protein's gene is the fundamental unit of inheritance. Other orders of specified complexity are described culminating in the organism level, which is the fundamental unit of selection. Each phylogenetic tree within the two intelligent design scenarios is founded by an original group or archetype. The descendants of this archetype are known as the archetype's genus. Speciation events within the genus are brought about by a slow process called co-adapted drift that creates distinct species through functional incompatibilities. A theory of natural selection is developed that attempts to characterize the relationship between the gene and the organism. Natural selection in this sense is described as a preservation mechanism that selects against deleterious phenotypes instead of selecting for beneficial ones. Finally, a practical methodology is developed that begins by determining the history of a gene in a given species by the symmetrical causal relationships of the alleles and the species allelic distribution. The original alleles in this species and their local functional limits are then compared with those of analogous genes in similar species to determine if these species were functionally compatible at that time. The two Intelligent Design paradigms predict patterns of incompatibilities, or design points, where guided actions were involved. This is a falsifiable prediction that raises the status of these paradigms in a Popperian sense.

As a new information technology, blog just becomes another space where users present themselves. It plays a role that extends individual¡¦s real life experiences. The personalized medium of individual style is not only the concrete product of user¡¦s own faith and value, but also the self-presentation stage of users. And blog has close correlation with user's self-approval construction. On the other hand, as a result of digital camera¡¦s prevailing, it accomplishes the blog¡¦s high popularizations. There¡¦re more and more photographic skilled people like using blogs to try their skills greatly or to accumulate their creations. Blogs have become the best platforms for them to cut a fine figure. A blog comprising photos is called photoblog. For them, photoblogs are their fervent personal stylish image dairies. This research takes spectacle/performance paradigm and dramaturgy as the main theories to dive into the behaviors of bloggers¡¦ self-presentations on the blogs, incising from blogger, audience, blog, articles and so on as breakthrough points. This research takes in-depth interview and text analysis as research methods to explore how bloggers present, read, and react with readers while they use blogs on the internet. According to the research findings, blog has transformed from personal media to personal performance stage, and photography has become one consumption tool which makes bloggers express themselves beyond writing. As a result, blogs have become new media-spectacle made by users¡¦ self-performances. Involving that, the ambit between culture-producer and culture-consumer has vanished. People who watch other¡¦s performances also become the performers who are watched by others at the same time. Blogs have been viewed as an exhibition where bloggers can promote ideas, reflect inner moods, realize and remind themselves by photography. People still can choose photography as new lifestyle which has stronger personal uniqueness. Then, people can express this kind of new lifestyle on the personalized blog platform and accomplish the circuit of spectacle/performance.

Digital time is coming, digital applications are getting bigger to the bandwidth demand, the optical fiber communication industry getting more important. Taiwan businessman joined the supply chain by flexible production support and reduced the costs of spare parts and components. With the cost thrust force and the Asian market attraction, the production center of huge plants have moved toward the Asian and Pacific area, and it makes Taiwan manufacturers become low-cost and good-quality suppliers of spare parts and components. Under price's pressure and Chinese market's fast rising, this is a good opportunity for Taiwan manufacturers. This research is about foreign investment of location choice theories, clustering effects, and eclectic paradigms to find out its best model and location. The finding pointed out that Taiwan optical communication entrepreneur must expanded upstream or formed alliances downstream, ex. equipment manufacturers. The enterprise must get off low-cost opinion, and endeavor to research and developing work. The optical communication industry Clustering effect is not only on manufacturing, but also being emphasized on function communications between research and marketing. The globalization lies in whether to have the conformity resources and operation ability. This research shows the investment environment vicissitude and the global thinking, and is expected to help the decision-making suggestions offering.

Many studies suggest that children are increasingly disengaged with the natural environment and in contrast to past decades spend significantly less free time exploring natural play places. Other studies suggest that from the ages of three to eight, foundational childhood memories are formed, and these memories likely influence adult beliefs regarding the natural environment. The goal of this study was to examine the character and ecology of adults’ childhood memories of nature, along with how they potentially shaped the individual as they progressed through life. Adults between the ages of eighteen to twenty-seven were interviewed using a semi structured format, and asked to fill out two questionnaires to detect themes between memories and environmental beliefs. Responses were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results help to identify the behaviours and experiences that encourage children to engage with the natural environment, allowing play spaces to be designed in order to foster environmental connectivity.