Das Verständnis der Nächstenliebe, wie sie im Neuen Testament entfaltet wird, hatte seit jeher größten Einfluss auf die konkrete Umsetzung der Inhalte christlich-sozialer Bewegungen. Sie wird begründet als eine christliche Pflicht, Berufung und Verehrung Gottes. Die Gesellschaft des 19. Jahrhundert nahm die Verbreitung der Ideen von planmäßiger Arbeit geistig und physisch behinderter Menschen, mit Verkündigung des Evangeliums und unter Ausdruck der Hilfe in christlicher Liebe (Innere Mission), also im heutigen Sinne sozialer Tätigkeiten, als Zuständigkeitsbereich religiöser Organisationen wahr. Die sozialen Prinzipien der christlichen Kirchen, die in theologisch begründeten Werten, theologisch-humanitären Motivationen und zielgerichteter Orientierung verwurzelt sind, konnten ob ihrer Normativität auch in staatlichen Institutionen angewandt werden. Ein an geistigen Werten orientiertes Management hat über die Effektivität der christlichen sozialen Organisationen entschieden. Die wichtigste Funktion eines Sozialverbandes besteht im Aufbau einer Verbindung zwischen dem Menschen, der sich in einer schwierigen Situation befindet, und den ihn umgebenden gesellschaftlichen Strukturen. Die religiösen Gemeinschaften in Litauen führen oft auch ohne als regelrechte soziale Dienste institutionalisiert worden zu sein, soziale Tätigkeiten als Teil anders gewichteter Programme durch. Noch bis zum Zweiten Weltkrieg hatten unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche und religiöse Organisationen sehr... [to full text]

Darbe nagrinėjama Rokiškio rajono Duokiškio parapijos kaimų istorija. Parapija įkurta 1906 m. Iš bažnyčios inventoriaus knygos įrašų matyti, kad parapiją sudarė 26 kaimai ir 9 vienkiemiai. Dabar vienkiemiai ir 15 kaimų išnykę, kituose gyvena po kelis gyventojus. Darbe pateikta medžiaga apie Duokiškio parapijos ekonominę raidą, kuri įtakojo kultūrinį parapijos gyvenimą. Aprašomas švietimas ir kultūra Duokiškio krašte, minimi žymūs šio krašto žmonės. Aprašomi išnykę parapijos kaimai, bei išskirtinis Nečiūnų žydų kaimas. / We consider the district Rokiskis Duokiškio villages in the parish history. The parish was founded in 1906 Inventory of the church book records show that the parish consisted of 26 villages and 9 of the Farm. Now 15 villages and farms will disappear after a few live in other people. The paper presented by the substance of the parish Duokiškio economic development, which has influenced the cultural life of the parish. Describe the education and culture Duokiškio region, referred to the leading edge of this people. Describe removed the parish village, and the exclusive Nečiūnų Jewish village. Over one hundred years of history Duokiškio parish suffered social and cultural life and increasing the decline was influenced by country and the world during the events.

This paper aims to give an account of, and to discuss the view-points and theories of different researchers on the christianization of Sweden, especially the province of Öland, during the early middle ages. Its purpose is to investigate how, and in what sense, their positions can be said to correspond to what we may know of the historical “facts”. This will be possible by comparing different points of view with a study of the development in a single parish. An overall difficulty however, is the nature of the sources relating to the time in question, they are scarce or even non-existent. Part I of the paper consists of an outline of the field of research and the different theories put forward on the subject. The account is thematic, since there are several different problematic areas linked to the subject of Sweden’s christianization that each needs separate attention – though they all are, of course, interrelated. The account continues in part II, but with the focus on the iron-age society of Öland, its social, administrative and economic structure, and the major societal change that occurred roughly around AD 1000 – a change wherein the christianization was an important aspect. Part III consists of a micro-study of Föra parish in the north of Öland through the years 400-1300 approximately. Finally, part IV gives a summary and the results of the study in part III are compared to relevant theories and view-points discussed in parts I and II. The conclusions that can be drawn from the comparison are A) Some of the view-points can be seen as tentatively confirmed (and some others as refuted), and B) An extended comparative approach could serve as an instrument for shaping theoretical models with a higher level of generality, since the comparison also shows that the results of historical research often is governed by a theoretical bias, even when empirical material is incomplete, corroborated or contradictory to the results.

Thesis (M.S.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2007. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 19-27. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-33).

Thesis (D.Min.)--South Florida Center for Theological Studies, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-116).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1996. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 266-280).

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [89]-90).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 50-54).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Erskine Theological Seminary, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-135).