This report evaluate the maintenance policies that been applied within specific industrial company, Taken into considerations all corrective and preventive maintenance costs ,in addition to optimise best preventive maintenance schedule for minimum cost. Dynamate Intralog AB was the surveyed company that been encountered high maintenance cost compatible with less productivity, therefore obtaining maintenance schedule policy for minimum cost was the best solution for their problem, then by calculating their corrective and preventive maintenance cost the optimum time was acquired. Finally, the maintenance schedule approve that organized maintenance based on optimum time enhance the productivity and minimize the company maintenance cost.

Management system for enhancing transfer of knowledge in wind power industry has not received sufficient research attention in recent times. In some cases, the wind power plant owner does not control the management system for operation and maintenance activities. Most of these wind power plants are under contract and rely upon the turbine vendor to perform most of the maintenance works and subsequently share their experience at the initial stage of operation. This research investigates the management system for the operations and maintenance activities of the offshore wind plant in Lillgrund. The research also explores the type of learning method that was adopted by the wind turbine vendor (Siemens) to transfer the operation and maintenance knowledge to the operator and owner (Vattenfall) within the speculated period. It was realized that in the next one year, the Vattenfall would be in full control of the operations and maintenance activities of the offshore wind power plant in Lillgrund. The co-management arrangement will give Siemens a good reputation and gainful experience in the wind power industry. The arrangement is achievable due to Siemens strategy to strive for constructive and long-standing relationships with their customer, based on trust, respect, and honesty. Vattenfall on the other hand, is aiming to be the partner of choice for their suppliers at the same time as best serving their internal customers. The provision for the training during the co-management period enables Siemens to strengthen their relationship with Vattenfall in this industry. In addition, Siemens also maintain close relationship with their customers and develop a large part of their portfolio, frequently on site. Vattenfall improves profitability and value creation, as a fundamental prerequisite for continued growth. The management systems of Vattenfall can be related to professional bureaucracy, this is due to the fact that it was organized to accommodate Siemens experts. Vattenfall benefits from the co-management activities of the operation and maintenance of the Lillgrund wind power plant for a specific period of time. The outcome of the research work has proven that there is an effective time-dependent proportionality for a gradual transfer of the technical knowledge of operation and maintenance from Siemens Wind AB to the Vattenfall personnel. The research started from the perspective of the maintenance method by Swedish standard for wind power, and the way things are being carried out in a more practical way in Lillgrund plant.

The industry of our country has turned to the Hi-Tech industry gradually, the competition among the same industry is fiercer and fiercer, different properties of industries move towards the road of the heterogeneous alliance gradually too. Under this rival environment, without doing out of the common being, the ability that will lose key competition soon withdraws , the management of making the respect is an indispensable ring too, because management is not good, even more advanced technology may be unable to consolidate enterprises in the position of the environment now. Service Quality Management (SQM) is a kind of management idea that can be suitable for various trades, the service pointed herein refers to various functions that all industries offer in general. This research will canvass the concept of Service Quality Management, use in our country the semiconductor assembly factory of Manufacturing Execution System (MES), embed Preventive Maintenance and Productivity Maintenance Systematic association, in order to reach the different property systems, carry on discussion and analysis. The systems of two kinds of different ways, build the system which forms different management styles by way of simulation, and use Arena simulation software to simulation and analysis under different situation, and canvass its own benefits. The results can be regarded as the manufacturing industry reference basis while construct a Manufacturing Execution System into or revised.

Cost effective maintenance of pavement sections requires timely preventive maintenance and planned rehabilitation treatments. Knowledge of the increase in condition due to application of treatment and the loss of condition after treatment are essential when deciding the maintenance and rehabilitation treatments. Any error in formulating these values can cause significant changes in recommendations provided. Many researchers have developed pavement performance prediction models; however, less research has been done on the impact of treatment actions on the condition of a pavement section after treatments. The objective of the research is to develop equations, using deterministic empirical method, that predict the increase in pavement condition and rate of decrease in pavement condition after treatment actions with respect to pavement condition just before the treatment. The equations are developed for different treatments and different functional class, and surface type combination to quantify the impact of the treatment for the use in pavement management system. These equations can be used to quantify the effects of different treatments for the use in pavement management system. Numerical illustration is presented using the data from the Metropolitan Transportation Commission-Pavement Management System software developed by the Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC) located in Oakland, California. A relation is observed between increase in pavement condition and pavement condition just before treatment for different treatments and different functional class and surface type combination. Hence the equations to determine the trend in increase in pavement condition for different treatments and different functional class and surface type combination are developed. For rate of decrease in pavement condition, due to large variability in the data the loss of pavement condition per year could not be related to pavement condition just before treatment. Hence the equations to determine the trend in loss in pavement condition after treatment could not be developed. The developed equations can be efficiently used to predict increase in pavement condition due to application of the treatment and the loss of pavement condition after treatment.

In manufacturing environments, machines are usually subject to down periods due to various reasons such as preventive maintenance activities, pre-accepted jobs and pre-known material shortages. Among these reasons, preventive maintenance, which is defined as the pre-planned maintenance activities to keep the machine in its operating state, has gained much more importance in recent years. In this thesis, we consider the single machine total flow time problem where the jobs are non-resumable and the machine is subject to preventive maintenance activities of known starting times and durations. We propose a number of optimality properties together with the upper and lower bounding procedures. Using these mechanisms, we build a branch and bound algorithm to find the optimal solution of the problem. Our extensive computational study on randomly generated test instances shows that our algorithm can solve large-sized problem instances with up to 80 jobs in reasonable times. We also study a two-alternative maintenance planning problem with minor and major maintenances. We give an optimizing algorithm to find the timing of the maintenances, when the job sequence is fixed.

No description available.

The aim of the present study is to investigate a probability distribution that can be derived from the laplace probability distribution and can be used to model various real world problems. In the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the construction of flexible parametric classes of probability distributions. Various forms of the skewed and kurtotic distributions have appeared in the literature for data analysis and modeling. In particular, various forms of the skew laplace distribution have been introduced and applied in several areas including medical science, environmental science, communications, economics, engineering and finance, among others. In the present study we will investigate the skew laplace distribution based on the definition of skewed distributions introduced by O'Hagan and extensively studied by Azzalini. A random variable X is said to have the skew-symmetric distribution if its probability density function is f(x) = 2g(x)G(lambda x), where g and G are the probability density function and the cumulative distribution function of a symmetric distribution around 0 respectively and lambda is the skewness parameter. We will investigate the mathematical properties of this distribution and apply it to real applications. In particular, we will consider the exchange rate data for six different currencies namely, Australian Dollar,Canadian Dollar, European Euro, Japanese Yen, Switzerland Franc and United Kingdom Pound versus United States Dollar. To describe a life phenomenon we will be mostly interested when the random variableis positive. Thus, we will consider the case when the skew Laplace pdf is truncated to the left at 0 and we will study its mathematical properties. Comparisons with other life time distributions will be presented. In particular we will compare the truncated skew laplace (TSL) distribution with the two parameter Gamma probability distribution with simulated and real data with respect to its reliability behavior. We also study the hypoexponential pdf and compare it with the TSL distribution. Since the TSL pdf has increasing failure rate (IFR) we will investigate a possible application in system maintenance. In particular we study the problem related to the preventive maintenance.

Wind power, as a source of renewable energy, is growing very fast. Especially so, is consideration given to offshore wind farms where expansion is due in part to limited social and visual impact, reduced noise effect of turbines, and at the same time higher production of offshore wind turbines. Maintenance is always a considerable and costly part of the wind power investment, especially for offshore projects, but it could not improve as fast as the increasing wind industry in the world. The operation and maintenance management of wind farms should have always a reliable and structured planning to have an economical investment. At the beginning of the growth of wind industry, companies tried to transfer responsibilities of the failure and loss of production to the insurance companies, but it cannot be continued any more. These days even the insurance companies ask about regular inspection or condition monitoring. In other words, they ask for a reliable strategy for operation and maintenance. Both preventative and corrective maintenance are used in offshore wind farms. Preventive maintenance is usually performed at the first sign of failure, and in so doing it helps reduce costs associated from lost production. Having a perfect preventive maintenance program is not easy and it usually needs more inspection and online monitoring. To select a suitable strategy, data should be gathered from different stakeholders who are involved in the project. The stakeholders could be turbine designers, construction companies, transportation companies, operation staff, etc. The reason is that each group has the data which could help to define a reliable strategy of maintenance. Reliability includes measurements, e.g., failure rate, repair time, and availability. Reliability is the ability of components or system to perform their function under given operational condition and for a predicted period of time. However always preventive maintenance especially for offshore wind farm is faced with uncertainty due to bad weather, access difficulty, and logistic limitation. Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a systematic qualitative technique that balances preventive and corrective maintenance. It chooses the right preventive maintenance activities for the right component at the right time to reach the most cost efficient solution. This research points out that RCM, as an experienced methodology in other industries, could be a good method for scheduled preventive maintenance in offshore wind power for purposes of lowering cost while improving reliability and safety. RCM implementation is always facing with uncertainty. Engaged uncertainty to RCM is known as Reliability and Risk Centered Maintenance RRCM and it could lead maintenance process to an optimal preventive schedule with minimum uncertainty.

O presente trabalho faz uma avaliação do histórico de desenvolvimento e aplicação de leis de inspeções prediais em geral no Brasil, com foco particular nas leis especificas de inspeção de elementos de fachada. O mesmo busca discutir os papéis dessas leis como instrumentos de gestão de riscos na construção civil, destacando os avanços, limitações e tendências do processo de implantação desse tipo de legislação. A lógica e o conhecimento teórico acumulado na área indicam que a adoção de um sistema de inspeção adequado pode contribuir para a detecção precoce de problemas, que podem então ser corrigidos através de ações de manutenção preventiva, com menor custo e risco para os usuários. Essa é uma demanda fundamental em muitas cidades brasileiras, que apresentam um conjunto de edificações em idade avançada e com problemas de conservação. Sinistros repetidos, culminando na tragédia ocorrida no Rio de Janeiro em 2012, fizeram com que a edição de leis de inspeção entrasse na pauta política de várias administrações e do Congresso Nacional. Todavia, a análise de experiências práticas evidencia que existem dificuldades e obstáculos, culturais, técnicos e econômicos, que necessitam ser discutidos e superados para que uma estratégia de gestão de risco através de leis de inspeção possa ser adotada de forma eficaz. O trabalho busca colaborar com essa discussão, revisando criticamente a experiência de Porto Alegre, um dos primeiros municípios a implantar uma lei de inspeção específica de elementos de fachada, a Lei Municipal nº 6.323/88, regulamentada pelo Decreto 9425. Esses regramentos determinaram que os responsáveis pelas edificações apresentassem à Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV), a cada 03 anos, um laudo de estabilidade estrutural das marquises localizadas sobre logradouros públicos. Essa lei, popularizada como “Lei das Marquises”, foi criada em resposta a 2 sinistros traumáticos envolvendo a queda de seções de marquises no centro da cidade, ocorridos no final dos anos 80, e teve um impacto importante no estado de conservação do estoque de marquises da cidade. Ao mesmo tempo, representou um marco significativo no histórico de implantação de leis de inspeção no Brasil, tendo influenciado vários outros municípios a adotar legislações semelhantes. Após 30 anos, considera-se importante avaliar seus efeitos e analisar as evoluções e dificuldades enfrentadas em sua aplicação, de forma a que seja possível orientar outras experiências. Essa é a motivação fundamental da pesquisa. Para complementar e enriquecer as análises, o trabalho buscou gerar um indicativo da eficiência e qualidade dos Laudos de Marquise que estão sendo entregues. Com esse intuito, a autora, auxiliada por outros pesquisadores do Grupo LEME/UFRGS, efetuou uma inspeção paralela de 135 estruturas, gerando dados usados para comparação com os constantes em laudos arquivados na Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação (SMOV). Em paralelo, se buscou uma forma de avaliar qual a percepção da população acerca dos conceitos associados à implantação de leis de inspeção e estratégias de manutenção preventiva, e estimar qual a aceitação dos custos associados a essas estratégias. Para tanto foi realizado um levantamento de dados, através de entrevistas e questionários, junto a usuários de 24 edificações da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Esse esforço evidenciou que existe um bom conhecimento dos riscos e uma aceitação da necessidade de inspeções, mas que o custo ainda é uma barreira. Visando aproveitar e consolidar todo o conhecimento adquirido nessas diversas análises, o trabalho finaliza apresentando uma proposta de diretrizes consideradas úteis para orientar a implantação de leis de inspeção de elementos de fachada. / This study evaluated the history of the development and application of building inspection laws in Brazil in general, with special focus on specific laws for the inspection of façade elements. The role of these laws as risk management tools in civil construction is discussed, stressing developments, limitations and trends of their implementation process. Logics and the theoretical knowledge accumulated on this subject suggest that the adoption of a proper system may allow the early detection of problems, which can then be corrected by preventive maintenance actions, and therefore are less costly and pose fewer risks to the users. This is a critical demand in many Brazilian cities that have many old buildings with conservation problems. Repeated accidents, which culminated in the tragedy in Rio de Janeiro in 2012, inserted the issuing of inspection laws in the political agenda of many local administrations and of the National Congress. However, the analysis of practical experiences shows that there are cultural, technical, and economic obstacles that need to be discussed and overcome to allow the adoption of an efficient risk management strategy based on inspection laws. This study aims at contributing for this discussion making a critical review of the experience of Porto Alegre, which was one of the first cities to implement a specific law for the inspection of façade elements (Municipal Act n. 6.323/88, regulated by Order 9425). These regulations established that those responsible for the building have to present to the local department of works (Secretaria Municipal de Obras e Viação – SMOV) a report on the structural stability of the marquees located on public areas every three years. This so-called “Marquee Act” was issued in response to two severe accidents that involved the fall of marquee sections downtown by the end of the 1980s and that had an important impact on the conservation status of the city’s marquee inventory. It was also a landmark in the history of the implementation of inspection laws in Brazil, as it influenced the adoption of similar legislation in other cities. After 30 years, it is important to evaluate its effects and to analyze the advances and obstacles to their application in order to guide other experiences. This is the main motivation of this research study. In order to complement and enrich the analyses, an indication of efficiency and quality of the marquee reports is pursued. Based on a parallel inspection of 135 structures, made by the author, with the aid of other researchers of the group LEME/UFRGS, data was collected to compare with those reported and filed at the local department of works (SMOV). Also, a survey of the public perception relative to the concepts associated with the implementation of inspection laws and preventive maintenance strategies was carried out, checking the acceptance of the costs associated with these strategies. This assessment was made using interviews and questionnaires applied to users of 24 buildings of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre. The results showed that the population is aware of the risks and accepts the need for inspections, but that cost is still an obstacle. Aiming at using and consolidating the knowledge acquired through these analyses, the study ends proposing some guidelines considered useful for the implementation of façade element inspection laws.

Introdução: A necessidade de pacientes serem inseridos em protocolos de manutenção periodontais (PMP) após tratamento periodontal é bem estabelecida na literatura. No entanto, ainda não é bem estabelecido quais procedimentos são necessários para manter a saúde periodontal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar quais os biomarcadores relacionados com a doença periodontal e comparar o efeito de dois PMPs nos níveis destes biomarcadores pró e antiinflamatórios do fluido crevicular gengival (FCG) durante 1 ano. Materiais e Métodos: Após o tratamento periodontal não-cirúrgico, 34 sujeitos (14H/20M, idade média 54 anos) diagnosticados com periodontite crônica foram randomicamente alocados em um dos seguintes grupos: a) somente raspagem supragingival; b) raspagem supra e subgengival. Todos os participantes receberam instruções de higiene oral personalizados e polimento dos dentes. Os indivíduos foram vistos em intervalos de três meses para a realização de exames clínicos, coleta de FCG e procedimentos de manutenção periodontal. As principais citocinas pró- e anti-inflamatórias e quimiocina relacionadas com a doença periodontal foram identificadas por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com metanálise. Em seguida, os níveis de FCG de 16 citocinas e quimiocinas dos 34 sujeitos incluídos no estudo foram medidos por meio de um imunoensaio múltiplo. Resultados: Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros clínicos ou imunológicos entre os dois PMPs. Os níveis médios de concentração no FCG da maioria das citocinas pró-inflamatórias foram geralmente baixos / moderados durante todo o período de estudo, com exceção da IL-1β. Os níveis das citocinas anti-inflamatórias IL-4 e IL-13 foram moderado / alto. Entre as quimiocinas, os níveis de MIP-1α e MCP-1 foram altos, e a concentração de IL-8 foi muito alta durante todo o estudo. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que um PMP baseado apenas no controle do biofilme supragengival é tão eficaz na manutenção de baixos níveis de inflamação periodontal e estabilidade clínica após o tratamento quanto um PMP baseado em controle supra e subgengival. / Introduction: The need for patients to be enrolled into periodontal maintenance protocols (PMP) after periodontal treatment is well established in the literature. However, it is still unknown which interventions are necessary to maintain periodontal health. The aim of the present study was to identify the biomarkers related to periodontal disease, and to compare the 1-year effect of two periodontal maintenance protocols (PMP) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Material and Methods: Following non-surgical periodontal treatment, 34 subjects (14M/20F, mean age: 54 years) diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned into one of the following study arms: a) supragingival scaling only; b) supra and subgingival scaling. All subjects received personalized oral hygiene instructions and tooth polishing. Subjects were seen at 3 months intervals for periodontal maintenance, clinical data and GCF collection. The major pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine related to periodontal disease were identified through a systematic review of the literature with metaanalysis. After that, GCF levels of 16 different cytokines and chemokines from the 34 subjects included in the study were measured using a multiplex immunoassay. Results: No significant differences between PMPs were observed for any clinical parameters or immunological biomarkers. Median GCF concentration levels for most pro-inflammatory cytokines were generally low/moderate throughout the study period, with the exception of IL-1β. GCF levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were moderate/high. For chemokines, GCF levels for MIP-1α and MCP-1 were high, and concentration for IL-8 was very high. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a PMP based on supragingival biofilm control alone is as effective in maintaining low levels of periodontal inflammation and clinical stability after treatment as a PMP based on combined supra/subgingival biofilm control.