En raison du grand succès des réseaux sociaux, la nature et mode de diffusion del’information sur le Web a changé en faveur de contenus dynamiques diffusés sousforme de flux d’information. Dans le contexte des réseaux sociaux, les utilisateurs peuvent s’abonner à de multiples sources d’information et recevoir continuellement de nouveaux contenus. Or, ce nouveau mode de publication/consommation peut entraîner d’énormes quantités d’information, en surchargeant les utilisateurs. Ainsi,il est essentiel de développer des techniques efficaces de filtrage et de classement qui permettent aux utilisateurs d’être efficacement mis à jour avec le contenu le plus intéressant.Les requêtes top-k sur les flux d’information limitent les résultats au contenu le plus pertinent. Pour améliorer la pertinence des résultats, le modèle de classement des résultats de requêtes devrait tenir compte de divers facteurs de contexte, y compris les facteurs traditionnels basés sur le contenu, les facteurs liés aux utilisateurs et leurs relations (réseau social). Dans le réseau social, le maintien des ensembles de top-k peut être plus difficile car de nombreux événements pourraient changer les messages de top-k tels que le nouveau message, la nouvelle action, le nouvel utilisateur, les modifications de profil, etc. Pour un grand réseau social avec des millions d’utilisateurs et des milliards de messages, le traitement continu des requêtes top-k est l’approche la plus efficace. Cependant, les systèmes actuels pour le traitementcontinu des requêtes top-k échouent lorseque ces systèmes considèrent des modèles de classement riches avec des critères de réseau social. En outre, de tels systèmes ne tiennent pas compte de la diversité des contenus publiés.Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur le filtrage des flux d’information basé sur le calcul des messages top-k pour chaque utilisateur dans le réseau social. Nous visons à développer un système à large échelle capable d’évaluer efficacement les requêtes top-k continues avec une fonction de classement complexe. Nous proposons l’algorithme SANTA, capable de gérer des fonctions de classement complexes avec des critères sociaux tout en maintenant un traitement continu des requêtes top-k. Nous proposons aussi une variante (SANTA +) qui accélère le traitement d’actions dans les réseaux sociaux. Pour tenire compte de la diversité des contenus publiés, nous proposons l’algorithme DA-SANTA qui étend l’algorithme SANTA pour intégrer la diversité dans le modèle top-k continu tout en maintenant l’efficacité du système. Nos expérimentation sont menées sur des données réelles extraite de Twitter, illustrant les propriétés de nos algorithmes et de montrer leur efficacité. / Information streams provide today a prevalent way of publishing and consuming content on the Web, especially due to the great success of social networks. In the social networks context, users may subscribe to several information sources of interest and continuously receive new published content. But, this new publishing/consumption mode may lead to huge amounts of received information, overwhelming for human processing. Thus, there is a vital need to develop effective filtering and ranking techniques which allow users to efficiently be updated with the most interesting content. Top-k queries over the streams of interest allow limiting results to the most relevant content. To provide a relevant content, the ranking model should consider various context factors including traditional IR factors and social network. In the social network, maintaining top-k sets may be more difficult because many events could produce changes in the top-k sets such as new message, new action, new user, profile changes, etc. For a large social network with millions of users and billionsof messages, the continuous processing of the top-k queries is the most effective approach. However, current systems fail in combining continuous top-k processing with rich scoring models including social network criteria. Moreover, such systems do not consider the diversity of published content.In this thesis, we focus on filtering information streams based on the computation of top-k messages for each user in the social network. We aim to develop a scalable system that be able to efficiently evaluate the continuous top-k queries using the continuous approach with a ranking function including social network criteria. We propose the SANTA algorithm, able to handle scoring functions including content similarity but also social network criteria and events in a continuous processing of top-k queries. We propose a variant (SANTA+) that accelerates the processing of interaction events in social networks. To provide both diverse and relevant messages in top-k sets, we propose the DA-SANTA algorithm which extends the SANTA algorithm to integrate the diversity into the continuous top-k model while maintaining the efficiency of the system. Our experiments are conducted over a real data-set extracted from Twitter, illustrating the properties of our algorithms and demonstrating their efficiency.

[pt] Esta dissertação apresenta a solução de balanceamento de carga baseada em fatias de processamento de dados (Data Processing Slice Load Balancing solution) para permitir o balanceamento de carga dinâmico do processamento de fluxos de dados em sistemas baseados em DDS (Data Distribution Service). Um grande número de aplicações requer o processamento contínuo de alto volume de dados oriundos de várias fontes distribuídas., tais como monitoramento de rede, sistemas de engenharia de tráfego, roteamento inteligente de carros em áreas metropolitanas, redes de sensores, sistemas de telecomunicações, aplicações financeiras e meteorologia. Conceito chave da solução proposta é o Data Processing Slice, o qual é a unidade básica da carga de processamento dos dados dos nós servidores em um domínio DDS. A solução consiste de um nó balanceador, o qual é responsável por monitorar a carga atual de um conjunto de nós processadores homogêneos e quando um desbalanceamento de carga é detectado, coordenar ações para redistribuir entre os nós processadores algumas fatias de carga de trabalho de forma segura. Experimentos feitos com grandes fluxos de dados que demonstram a baixa sobrecarga, o bom desempenho e a confiabilidade da solução apresentada. / [en] This thesis presents the Data Processing Slice Load Balancing solution to enable dynamic load balancing of Data Stream Processing on DDS-based systems (Data Distribution Service). A large number of applications require continuous and timely processing of high-volume of data originated from many distributed sources, such as network monitoring, traffic engineering systems, intelligent routing of cars in metropolitan areas, sensor networks, telecommunication systems, financial applications and meteorology. The key concept of the proposed solution is the Data Processing Slice (DPS), which is the basic unit of data processing load of server nodes in a DDS Domain. The Data Processing Slice Load Balancing solution consists of a load balancer, which is responsible for monitoring the current load of a set of homogenous data processing nodes and when a load unbalance is detected, it coordinates the actions to redistribute some data processing slices among the processing nodes in a secure way. Experiments with large data stream have demonstrated the low overhead, good performance and the reliability of the proposed solution.

Os avanços tecnológicos das últimas décadas têm motivado o desenvolvimento dos edifícios inteligentes, visando à criação de ambientes mais confortáveis e seguros para os ocupantes, economicamente vantajosos para os proprietários e ambientalmente corretos. Considerando-se que nestes ambientes emergem novas formas de interação entre os usuários e os sistemas prediais, as quais não são adequadamente tratadas por técnicas convencionais de modelagem, torna-se necessário o estudo de novas soluções que abordem essas interações. Assim, este trabalho apresenta a proposta de uma abordagem sistemática para modelar e simular os sistemas de controle de edifícios inteligentes. Considera-se o sistema de controle como um sistema orientado por eventos discretos, no qual a comunicação entre os dispositivos que o constituem é realizada por meio da troca assíncrona de mensagens. Nesta abordagem, é utilizada a rede de Petri colorida para especificar as funcionalidades do edifício inteligente e a interação entre os dispositivos que constituem o seu sistema de controle. Assim, fornece-se um procedimento estruturado para desenvolver modelos que facilita a especificação do algoritmo de controle dos subsistemas do edifício inteligente. Para avaliar as principais características do procedimento proposto, foi apresentado um exemplo de aplicação que aborda a integração das funcionalidades de um sistema de telefonia distribuído e um sistema de vigilância predial. A abordagem de modelagem possibilitou a identificação das funcionalidades dos dispositivos inteligentes que integram o sistema de controle em diferentes níveis de abstração e as interações que ocorrem durante o seu funcionamento. A realização deste trabalho contribui para o aprimoramento de novas abordagens para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle com arquiteturas heterárquicas. Estes sistemas são constituídos por dispositivos inteligentes colaborativos, que possuem um elevado grau de autonomia. / Technological advances in recent decades have motivated the development of intelligent buildings, aimed at creating environments more productive for the occupants, economically advantageous for the owners and environmentally correct. New ways of interaction between users and the buildings systems are emerging from these kinds of systems, which are not adequately treated by conventional modeling techniques. In this sense, it is necessary the study of new approaches which address these new functionalities. Thus, this work presents a proposal for a systematic approach to model and simulate the control system of the intelligent buildings. The control system is considered to be a discrete event system, where the communication between the devices that integrate it is oriented by means of asynchronous messages exchange. This approach uses the colored Petri nets in order to specify the functionalities of the building system and their devices interactions. The approach provides a structured procedure to develop models that facilitate the algorithm specification of the control system. In order to verify the main characteristics of the proposed procedure, it is presented an example that is a control system that integrates a distributed telephony system and a surveillance building system. The approach proposed enabled the identification of the main functionalities and interactions of the intelligent devices constituting the control system. The achievement of this thesis contributes to the development of new approaches to develop heterarchical control system architectures. This kind of system architectures is constituted by collaborative intelligent devices that have a high degree of autonomy.

Os avanços tecnológicos das últimas décadas têm motivado o desenvolvimento dos edifícios inteligentes, visando à criação de ambientes mais confortáveis e seguros para os ocupantes, economicamente vantajosos para os proprietários e ambientalmente corretos. Considerando-se que nestes ambientes emergem novas formas de interação entre os usuários e os sistemas prediais, as quais não são adequadamente tratadas por técnicas convencionais de modelagem, torna-se necessário o estudo de novas soluções que abordem essas interações. Assim, este trabalho apresenta a proposta de uma abordagem sistemática para modelar e simular os sistemas de controle de edifícios inteligentes. Considera-se o sistema de controle como um sistema orientado por eventos discretos, no qual a comunicação entre os dispositivos que o constituem é realizada por meio da troca assíncrona de mensagens. Nesta abordagem, é utilizada a rede de Petri colorida para especificar as funcionalidades do edifício inteligente e a interação entre os dispositivos que constituem o seu sistema de controle. Assim, fornece-se um procedimento estruturado para desenvolver modelos que facilita a especificação do algoritmo de controle dos subsistemas do edifício inteligente. Para avaliar as principais características do procedimento proposto, foi apresentado um exemplo de aplicação que aborda a integração das funcionalidades de um sistema de telefonia distribuído e um sistema de vigilância predial. A abordagem de modelagem possibilitou a identificação das funcionalidades dos dispositivos inteligentes que integram o sistema de controle em diferentes níveis de abstração e as interações que ocorrem durante o seu funcionamento. A realização deste trabalho contribui para o aprimoramento de novas abordagens para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de controle com arquiteturas heterárquicas. Estes sistemas são constituídos por dispositivos inteligentes colaborativos, que possuem um elevado grau de autonomia. / Technological advances in recent decades have motivated the development of intelligent buildings, aimed at creating environments more productive for the occupants, economically advantageous for the owners and environmentally correct. New ways of interaction between users and the buildings systems are emerging from these kinds of systems, which are not adequately treated by conventional modeling techniques. In this sense, it is necessary the study of new approaches which address these new functionalities. Thus, this work presents a proposal for a systematic approach to model and simulate the control system of the intelligent buildings. The control system is considered to be a discrete event system, where the communication between the devices that integrate it is oriented by means of asynchronous messages exchange. This approach uses the colored Petri nets in order to specify the functionalities of the building system and their devices interactions. The approach provides a structured procedure to develop models that facilitate the algorithm specification of the control system. In order to verify the main characteristics of the proposed procedure, it is presented an example that is a control system that integrates a distributed telephony system and a surveillance building system. The approach proposed enabled the identification of the main functionalities and interactions of the intelligent devices constituting the control system. The achievement of this thesis contributes to the development of new approaches to develop heterarchical control system architectures. This kind of system architectures is constituted by collaborative intelligent devices that have a high degree of autonomy.

Modern applications are required to handle and communicate an increasing amount of data. Meanwhile, distributed systems containing multiple computationally weak components becomes more common, resulting in a problematic situation. Choosing among communication strategies, used for delivering message between entities, therefore becomes crucial in order to efficiently utilize available resources. Systems where identical data is delivered to many recipients are common nowadays, but may apply an underlying communication strategy based on direct interaction between sender and receiver which is insufficient. Multicasting refers to a technique for group communication where messages can be distributed to participating nodes in a single transmission. This technique is developed to circumvent the problem of high workload on sender side and redundant traffic in the network, and constitutes the focus for this thesis. Within the area of Electronic Warfare and self-protection systems, time constitutes a critical aspect in order to provide relevant information for decision making. Self-protection systems developed by Saab, used in military aircrafts, must provide situational awareness to guarantee that correct decisions can be made at the right time. With more advanced systems, where the amount of data needed to be transmitted increases, the need of fast communication is essential to achieve quality of service. This thesis investigates how the deployment of multicast, in a distributed data-intensive system, could prepare a system for increased data exchange. The result is a communication design which allows for the system to distribute messages to a group of receivers with less effort from the sender and with reduced redundant traffic transferred over the same link. Comparative measurements are conducted between the new implementation and the old system. The result of the evaluation shows that the multicast solution both can decrease the time for message handling as well as the workload on endpoints significantly. / Nutidens applikationer måste kunna hantera och kommunicera en ökad datamängd. Samtidigt har distribuerade system bestående av många beräkningsmässigt svaga enheter blivit allt mer vanligt, vilket är problematiskt. Valet av kommunikationsstrategi, för att leverera data mellan enheter i ett system, är därför av stor betydelse för att uppnå effektivt utnyttjande av tillgängliga resurser. System där identisk information ska distribueras till flertalet mottagare är vanligt förekommande idag. Den underliggande kommunikationsstrategin som används kan dock baseras på direkt interaktion mellan sändare och mottagare vilket är ineffektivt. Multicast (Flersändning) syftar till ett samlingsbegrepp inom datorkommunikation baserat på gruppsändning av information. Denna teknik är utvecklad för att kringgå problematiken med hög belastning på sändarsidan och dessutom minska belastningen på nätverket, och utgör fokus för detta arbete. Inom telekrigföring och självskyddssystem utgör tiden en betydande faktor för att kunna tillhandahålla relevant information som kan stödja beslutsfattning. För självskyddssystem utvecklade av Saab, vilka används i militärflygplan, är situationsmedvetenhet av stor betydelse då det möjliggör för att korrekta beslut kan tas vid rätt tidpunkt. Genom utvecklingen av mer avancerade system, där mängden meddelanden som måste passera genom nätverket ökar, tillkommer höga krav på snabb kommunikation för att kunna åstadkomma kvalité. Denna uppsatsrapport undersöker hur införandet av multicast, i ett dataintensivt distribuerat system, kan förbereda ett system för ökat datautbyte. Arbetet har resulterat i en kommunikationsdesign som gör det möjligt för systemet att distribuera meddelanden till grupp av mottagare med minskad belastning på sändarsidan och mindre redundant trafik på de utgående länkarna. Jämförandet mätningar har gjorts mellan den nya implementationen och det gamla systemet. Resultaten visar att multicast-lösningen både kan reducera tiden för meddelande hantering samt belastningen på ändnoder avsevärt.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FredericoASL.pdf: 1144555 bytes, checksum: 05531a7c277b2d737fe8510e3a7ede26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-15 / Pervasive applications use context provision middleware support as infrastructures to provide context information. Typically, those applications use communication publish/subscribe to eliminate the direct coupling between components and to allow the selective information dissemination based in the interests of the communicating elements. The use of composite events mechanisms together with such middlewares to aggregate individual low level events, originating from of heterogeneous sources, in high level context information relevant for the application. CES (Composite Event System) is a composite events mechanism that works simultaneously in cooperation with several context provision middlewares. With that integration, applications use CES to subscribe to composite events and CES, in turn, subscribes to the primitive events in the appropriate underlying middlewares and notifies the applications when the composed events happen. Furthermore, CES offers a language with a group of operators for the definition of composite events that also allows context information sharing / Aplica??es pervasivas usam o suporte de middlewares de provis?o de contexto como infra-estruturas para prover informa??es contextuais. Tipicamente, essas aplica??es utilizam comunica??o baseada em eventos de forma a eliminar o acoplamento direto entre componentes e permitir a dissemina??o seletiva de informa??es baseada nos interesses dos elementos comunicantes. O uso de mecanismos de composi??o de eventos em conjunto com tais middlewares faz-se necess?rio para agregar eventos individuais de baixo n?vel, oriundos de fontes heterog?neas, em informa??es contextuais de alto n?vel relevantes para a aplica??o. Esse trabalho prop?e o CES (Composite Event System), um mecanismo de composi??o de eventos que trabalha em coopera??o com mais de um middleware de provis?o de contexto simultaneamente. Com essa integra??o, aplica??es utilizam o CES para fazer subscri??es a eventos compostos e este, por sua vez, faz a subscri??o dos eventos primitivos nos middlewares apropriados e notifica as aplica??es quando os eventos compostos ocorrem. Al?m disso, o CES oferece uma linguagem com um conjunto de operadores para defini??o de eventos compostos que tamb?m permite o compartilhamento de informa??es contextuais

[pt] Sistemas publish-subscribe são definidos por seu modelo básico de comunicação. No entanto, a maior parte dos sistemas publish-subscribe existentes incorpora outros mecanismos em sua implementação. Este trabalho busca um melhor entendimento de sistemas publish- subscribe, definindo uma arquitetura onde diferentes camadas agrupam decisões e construções relacionadas. Baseado nesta arquitetura, descrevemos um sistema desenvolvido em Lua que utiliza uma tabela hash distribuída como base. O sistema se diferencia dos sistemas publish-subscribe monolíticos e tem como foco generalidade, flexibilidade e extensibilidade. / [en] Publish-subscribe systems are defined by its communication model. However, most of the existent publish-subscribe systems incorporate other mechanisms in their implementation. This work seeks a better understanding of publish-subscribe systems, defining an architecture where different layers group related decisions and constructions. Based on this architecture, we describe a system developed in Lua that uses a distributed hash table as its base. The system differs in its architecture from monolithic publish-subscribe systems and focus on generality, flexibility and extensibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3111.pdf: 9181760 bytes, checksum: dfefb6cfa06acf42fc5a6ea589d5a449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-29 / Technological evolutions in the microelectronic systems and in the wireless communication allowed the development of devices called sensor nodes, which are smalles have low cost and low energy consumption. The sensor nodes integrate sensing modules, data processing and of wireless communication. The use of sensor nodes in a distributed way makes possible the communication among them providing the formation of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). WSN are being used more and more as powerful monitoring tools of applications of environmental monitoring the monitoring of emergency situations in environments subject to risk situations to the life and the patrimony such as fire, leaks of poisonous gasses and explosions. Emergency management systems that integrate networks of wireless sensors have been used as support to the making of decision for response teams to the emergencies where the response time in these conditions becomes preponderant factor, aiming at the success of rescue practical operations. In order to the system of emergency management to be efficient a support layer to provide integration and reusability of the services is necessary supplied by the system besides a solution to abstract all the communication complexity and data processing inside WSN. In this work a middleware for WSN was designed and partially implemented to aid the work of the developers applications. The main characteristics of this middleware are to supply an expressive and flexible mechanism for subscriptions of interest of the application in the WSN and reusable interfaces that use technologies standard of the Web to provide interoperability between the services and applications. An initial evaluation accomplished with a prototype of some functions of the middleware. An estimate of occupation of memory in the sensor nodes was made with base in studies reported in the literature, and display that middleware projected is viable for the platform of the hardware of motes Mica 2. The mote Mica 2 is the third generation of commercial sensor nodes of the mica family motes, used to enable low energy in WSN. / Evoluções tecnológicas nos sistemas de microeletrônicos e na comunicação sem fio permitiram o desenvolvimento de dispositivos chamados nós sensores, que são pequenos, de baixo custo e de baixo consumo de energia. Os nós sensores integram módulos de sensoriamento, processamento de dados e de comunicação sem fio. A utilização dos nós sensores de forma distribuída possibilita a comunicação entre eles proporcionando a formação das Redes de Sensores Sem Fios (RSSFs). RSSFs estão sendo utilizadas cada vez mais como poderosas ferramentas de monitoramento, de aplicações de monitoramento ambiental a monitoramento de situações de emergência em ambientes sujeitos a situações de risco à vida e ao patrimônio, tais como incêndios, vazamento de gases tóxicos e explosões. Sistemas de gerenciamento da emergência que integram redes de sensores sem fio são utilizados como apoio à tomada de decisão para equipes de resposta a emergências em que o tempo-resposta nessas condições se torna fator preponderante visando o sucesso de operações práticas de salvamento. Para que o sistema de gerenciamento de emergência seja eficaz é necessária uma camada de suporte para prover integração e reusabilidade dos serviços fornecidos pelo sistema, além de uma solução para abstrair toda a complexidade de comunicação e processamento de dados no interior da RSSF. Neste trabalho, um middleware para RSSFs foi projetado e parcialmente implementado, para auxiliar o trabalho dos desenvolvedores de aplicações. As principais características deste middleware são fornecer um mecanismo expressivo e flexível para subscrições de interesse das aplicações na RSSFs e interfaces reusáveis que utilizam tecnologias padrão da Web para prover interoperabilidade entre os serviços e aplicações. Uma avaliação inicial foi realizada com um protótipo de algumas funções do middleware. Uma estimativa de ocupação de memória nos nós sensores foi feita com base em estudos reportados na literatura, e mostra que o middleware projetado é viável para a plataforma de hardware dos motes Mica 2. O mote Mica 2 é a terceira geração de nós sensores comerciais da família Mica motes, usado para capacitar baixa energia em RSSFs.

Cílem této práce je vytvořit komunikační sběrnici pro platformu Testos, což umožní nástrojům platformy spolu komunikovat a využívat navzájem svoje služby. V textu jsou prozkoum8na současná řešení a protokoly založené na modelu Publish-Subscribe. Dále také práce specifikuje požadavky na komunikační sběrnici vyhovující potřebám platformy Testos a také navrhuje řešení pro splnění daných požadavků.   V rámci výzkumu byly prozkoumány tři řešení - MQTT, DDS a AMQP. Průzkum každého řešení byl zaměřen na způsob komunikace a hlavní funkční prvky. Jako startovací bod implementace sběrnice byl vybrán protokol MQTT. Tato práce také specifikuje jak tento protokol rozšířit, aby byly splněny požadavky na sběrnici. Mezi stěžejní rozšíření navrhnuté v rámci této práce patří management životního cyklu požadavků rozšiřující způsob doručování zpráv a mechanismus zasílání požadavků standardu MQTT. Protokol byl také rozšířen o možnost shlukování zpráv do BULK paketu za účelem snížení množství potřebných síťových zdrojů. Výsledkem je Testos Bus, který je postavený na upraveném a rozšířeném protokolu MQTT, který zahrunuje implementaci brokeru a klientských knihoven pro Python a C++. Testos Bus naplňuje všechny povinné požadavky platformy, což ověřují automatické testy.

This thesis project has studied a number of protocols that could be used to communicate between a vehicle and a remote server in the context of Scania’s connected services. While there are many factors that are of interest to Scania (such as response time, transmission speed, and amount of data overhead for each message), this thesis will evaluate each protocol in terms of how much data overhead is introduced and how packet loss affects this overhead. The thesis begins by giving an overview of how a number of alternative protocols work and what they offer with regards to Scania’s needs. Next these protocols are compared based on previous studies and each protocol’s specifications to determine which protocol would be the best choice for realizing Scania’s connected services. Finally, a test framework was set up using a virtual environment to simulate different networking conditions. Each of the candidate protocols were deployed in this environment and setup to send sample data. The behaviour of each protocol during these tests served as the basis for the analysis of all of these protocols. The thesis draws the conclusion that to reduce the data transmission overhead between vehicles and Scania’s servers the most suitable protocol is the UDP based MQTT SN. / I den här rapporten har jag undersökt ett antal protokoll som kan användas för att kommunicera mellan server och lastbil och därmed användas för Scanias Connected Services. Då det är många faktorer som är intressanta när det kommer till kommunikation mellan lastbil och server för Scania som till exempel responstid, överföringshastighet och mängden extra data vid överföring så har jag valt att begränsa mig till att utvärdera protokollen utifrån hur mycket extra data de använder vid överföring och hur detta påverkas av paketförlust. Rapporten börjar med att ge en överblick över vilka tänkbara protokoll som kan användas och vad de kan erbjuda gällande Scanias behov. Efter det så jämförs protokollen baserat på tidigare studier och protokollens specifikationer för att avgöra vilket protokoll som är bäst lämpat att användas i Scanias Connected Services. Sists så skapas ett virtuellt ramverk för att simulera olike nätverksförhållanden. Här testas varje protokoll och får sända olike datamängder för att sedan få sin prestanda utvärderad baserat på hur mycket extra data som sändes. Dessa resultat ligger sedan till grund för den analys och slutsats angående vilket protokoll som är bäst lämpat att användas av Scania. Rapporten drar slutsatsen att baserat på den information som finns tillgänglig och de resultat som ficks av testerna så skulle den UDP baserade MQTT-SN vara bäst lämpad för att minimera mängden extra data som skickas.