Traditionally, it is commonly believe that the marine fish stock is renewable and inexhaustible. However, following a dramatic progress of fishing technology, it is proved that the unregulated fishing activity would cause the resource stock deteriorated. It is a necessary evil to design a management procedure, which implements an annual fishing quota system in order to maintain the sustainability of the fish resource. In the most recent years, sudden implementation quota restrictions in many international commissions for management and conservation of marine mammal and fish had posted a challenge to the fishing company of the Far Sea Fishery in Taiwan, which was not used to the quota regulation before. In the short run, the fishing company would react to get more quotas in any necessary ways to ensure their profitability, even though the quota is not obtained in a regular way. Five conservation commissions in the three oceans for the conservation of Tuna and Tuna-like Species have been established. International Commission for the Conversation of Atlantic Tuna (ICCAT) is the organization of Atlantic. Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission¡]WCPFC¡^and Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission¡]IATTC¡^is the organization of Pacific. The organization of Indian Ocean is Indian Ocean Tuna Commission¡]IOTC¡^which is a sub-organization of FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna¡]CCSBT¡^is a organization covering three oceans. Three commissions have implemented annual quota among the five. In recent year, the quantity of our fishing vessels have overtaken Japan and become the top rank of the Deep Sea Longline Fishing country in the world. Though there are still 2 commissions do not implement quota restriction, it is believed to be implemented soon. When the quota restriction is implemented by all the commissions, the fishing company can not get additional quota any more, then it will be very difficult to operate by a normal way. In order to avoid the serious influence of insufficient quota, the operating strategy must be made as soon as possibly. First of all, the basic concept of the Ultra Low Temperature Longline Fishery is introduced. Then the background and quota condition of the five tuna fish conservation commissions will be mentioned, especially the Indian Ocean will be discussed with more details. The case of fishing company will be taken as an example for the research. Except the detailed analysis of the case, some related good management will be considered also. A suggestion how to adjust the operation to facing the insufficiency of quota will be proposed as a reference. Keyword¡GTuna, Tuna Conservation, Tuna Long Line Fishing, Tuna Quota, SWOT Analysis, Fishery Management Strategy

A Study on the relationships between financial advisors¡¦ perceived quota difficulty, customer orientation, job satisfaction and turnover intention- Using Kaohsiung area wealth management banking sector as an example Abstract: In retrospect over the changes of past few decades, service industry has gradually become the largest industry in Taiwan and wealth management banking services has become the most desired financial services over the past few years. Despite that wealth management service has already been in existence in the western world for a long period of time, it is still in its infant stage for the domestic banking sector. In the face of fierce competition, gaining highest profit with lowest risk has been the objective of every bank in Taiwan. How to strengthen the service quality, enhance productivity and retain qualified financial advisor has been financial players¡¦ utmost goal. Thus, this study aims to study the relationships between financial advisors¡¦ perceived quota difficulty, customer orientation, job satisfaction and turnover intention. This research utilizes questionnaire study method and using SPSS for Windows as the tool to conduct statistical analysis, including reliability test, descriptive analysis, ANOVA test, correlation and regression analysis. The research findings are as follow: 1. There has been partial significant difference for individual variables¡¦ with respect to their perceived quota difficulty, customer orientation, job satisfaction and turnover intention 2. There are significant negative correlations between financial advisors¡¦ perceived quota difficulty and customer orientation as well as job satisfaction. 3. There are significant positive correlations between financial advisors¡¦ perceived quota difficulty and turnover intention. 4. There are significant positive correlations between financial advisors¡¦ customer orientation and job satisfaction. 5. There are significant negative correlations between financial advisors¡¦ customer orientation and turnover intention. 6. There was no significant evidence of mediation for customer orientation with respect to perceived quota difficulty and job satisfaction. Given the research results, the financial institutions should seriously look into setting up a reasonable sales quota while simultaneously stress the importance of customer oriented service. The human resources department should establish a comprehensive and thorough benefit policy and training program to enhance employee job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention. On balance, customers and employees are the two most valuable assets for a firm. Only happy employees and excellent service quality can create utmost value and profit for a firm. Key words: wealth management, salespeople (financial advisor), perceived quota difficulty, customer orientation, job satisfaction, turnover intention.

In January 2007, the Gulf of Mexico red snapper fishery took a step toward sustainability and began management under an individual fishing quota (IFQ) system. The hope is that direct ownership stakes by fishers brings more direct involvement on behalf of the boat owners and fishermen as well as more responsible and sustainable fishing practices on depressed fish populations. The research was conducted in order to study the welfare of local fishing communities as well as the effects on the red snapper fishery itself. Traditional fisheries and economic data were analyzed. In addition a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) of the Florida Gulf Coast communities involved in the red snapper fishery was performed to compare to the analysis of fishing communities prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Finally, online and phone surveys of fishermen involved in the red snapper fishery were performed to gauge their responses to the change in management. The study reveals a strong correlation between the DEA analysis of fishing communities affected and the analysis performed by NMFS, and reinforces DEA as a method of determining involvement in a fishery. Additionally, the thesis indicates the red snapper IFQ has performed as expected in some areas by its supporters – an average gulf-wide ex-vessel price per pound increase of 10% in just three years; elimination of the rush to fish due to guaranteed quota; and a shift in fleet composition as the number of share owners owning less than 2.00% have dwindled, and the number of shareholders possessing greater than 2.00% of the quota has increased gulf-wide by 50%. However, in other areas such as effort reduction and bycatch rates, the IFQ appears to have mixed results. A reported decline in effort is likely attributable to a reduction in the overall gulf-wide red snapper quota between 2007 and 2008 rather than the IFQ, and even NMFS doubts the bycatch data that are being reported by fishermen. Most importantly, current IFQ shareholders were surveyed via phone and internet revealing not only an overall disapproval by most fishers of the IFQ design process, but also effects contrary to those publicized by IFQ supporters, and a general distrust in fisheries management.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-02T18:42:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) miriam_rodrigues_guedes_alkmim.pdf: 1754850 bytes, checksum: cd719103e4697a9d2f89a81989434ce8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-04T16:18:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) miriam_rodrigues_guedes_alkmim.pdf: 1754850 bytes, checksum: cd719103e4697a9d2f89a81989434ce8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T16:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) miriam_rodrigues_guedes_alkmim.pdf: 1754850 bytes, checksum: cd719103e4697a9d2f89a81989434ce8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / A pol?tica afirmativa de cotas, ou reserva de vagas, ? considerada uma das mais importantes conquistas dos brasileiros nos ?ltimos anos, dada seu car?ter de amadurecimento rumo a um futuro democr?tico e de igualdade para todos. Diante de reflex?es sobre a finalidade desta pol?tica de a??o afirmativa, sobretudo dos impactos advindos desta lei, ? que surgiu o interesse em analisar o perfil do aluno cotista negro, oriundo de escola p?blica no contexto do Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG - Campus Janu?ria). A relev?ncia do estudo pode ser percebida por sua atualidade, considerando que a pol?tica de cotas tem se revelado um tema pol?mico e de grande repercuss?o social. Esse trabalho justifica-se em raz?o de possibilitar uma an?lise acerca dos reflexos que a pol?tica de cotas pode proporcionar ? vida dos estudantes negros do curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria do IFNMG - Campus Janu?ria. Objetivou-se por meio do estudo proposto, delinear o perfil social e a trajet?ria deste aluno cotista negro, oriundo de escola p?blica, bem como desenvolver uma an?lise da pol?tica de a??o afirmativa para o negro, incorporando a pol?tica de cotas como uma medida reparat?ria, compensat?ria e/ou preventiva que busca corrigir uma situa??o de discrimina??o e desigualdade infringida a este grupo. Busca-se ainda discutir os impactos da pol?tica de cotas no ingresso desses alunos, ap?s implanta??o da Lei n? 12.711 de 29 de agosto de 2012. A metodologia utilizada para a obten??o dos resultados deste trabalho ? marcadamente qualitativa, tendo sido escolhido como m?todo principal a pesquisa oral atrav?s de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A pesquisa permitiu depreender uma an?lise institucional da pol?tica de cotas focada nos aspectos de implanta??o, processos de releituras e operacionaliza??o da lei. Al?m disso, o estudo revelou que o programa de cotas tem favorecido a entrada de estudantes com perfil diversificado, posto que composto pelos diversos segmentos da sociedade. Atrav?s das narrativas, os entrevistados reconhecem que a ado??o da lei de cotas representou um ineg?vel avan?o em rela??o ? democratiza??o do ensino para os grupos historicamente exclu?dos, sobretudo negros e pobres, e contribuiu para o fortalecimento da identidade negra desses indiv?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The affirmative policy of quotas, or reservation of vacancies, is considered one of the most important achievements of Brazilians in recent years, given its maturing character towards a democratic and equitable future for all. In light of reflections on the purpose of this affirmative action policy, and especially the impacts arising from this law, the interest arose in analyzing the profile of the black students, from a public school in the context of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the North of Minas Gerais (IFNMG - Campus Janu?ria). The relevance of the study can be perceived by its timeliness, considering that the quota policy has proved to be a polemic subject and of great social repercussion. This work is justified because it allows an analysis of the reflexes that the quota policy can provide to the life of the black students of the Agricultural Technical Course of the IFNMG - Campus Janu?ria. The objective of this study was to delineate the social profile and trajectory of this black student, from a public school, as well as to develop an affirmative action policy analysis for blacks, incorporating the quota policy as a reparatory measure, compensatory and / or preventive action that seeks to correct a situation of discrimination and inequality that has been inflicted on this group. It also seeks to discuss the impacts of the quota policy on the entry of these students, after the implementation of Law 12.711 of August 29, 2012. The methodology used to obtain the results of this work is markedly qualitative, with oral research being chosen as the main method through semi-structured interviews. The research allowed to understand an institutional analysis of the quota policy focused on aspects of implementation, processes of re-reading and operationalization of the law. In addition, the study revealed that the quota program has favored the entry of students with a diversified profile, since it is composed of the various segments of society. Through the narratives, the interviewees recognize that the adoption of the quota law represented an undeniable advance in the democratization of education for historically excluded groups, especially blacks and poor people, and contributed to the strengthening of the black identity of these individuals.

The purpose of this dissertation was to compare and contrast the origins, formulation, course, and outcome of three major American immigration schemes to provide haven for German Jewish and non-Aryan refugees and British children: The Intergovernmental Committee for Political Refugees (better known as the Evian Conference), and particularly the German Refugee Children’s Bill (also labeled as the Wagner-Rogers Bill) and the Hennings Bill. The Evian Conference, called for by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the aftermath of the Anschluss, the German annexation of Austria, sought to create a global solution to the problem of forced migration. The Wagner-Rogers Bill, influenced by the November 1938 nationwide pogrom of Kristallnacht and the British Kindertransport, a project to resettle Jewish and Christian children from the Reich into the United Kingdom, attempted, by legislative means, to allow the entry of ten thousand children outside of the annual German and Austrian quotas in 1939 and 1940. The Henning Bill endeavored to rescue British children from the perils of aerial warfare in 1940. This measure necessitated the amendment of the Neutrality Act of 1939, which prohibited American shipping from entering war zones. It has been argued that the Evian Conference was, at its core, a publicity ploy, designed to express sympathy for persecuted German minorities, while avoiding any political cost or acceptance of impoverished refugees. The Wagner-Rogers Bill failed as a result of the interplay of multiple factors that included: lack of presidential backing; the economic throes of the Great Depression; fear of aliens; anti-Semitism; growing isolationism and resistance to continued immigration, and a disunited and fractious Jewish community that sought to avoid stimulation of domestic prejudice and more restrictive immigration policies. A key component was a critical misreading of the bill’s sponsors of public compassion for Hitler’s victims; sentiments that did not translate into a willingness to accept Jewish refugees. The Henning Bill, which FDR endorsed with strict qualifications, demonstrated preferences for particular ethnic groups; specifically, British Christian children. In contrast with the Wagner-Rogers Bill, this legislation rapidly made its way through Congress and into law. Its failure lay in the inability to acquire guarantees of safe passage through contested waters by the warring powers. A general review followed by a more detailed examination was made of existing official and un-official sources, employing public records, private diaries, books, newspapers, journals, and other periodicals for the critical period of January 1, 1938 through December 31, 1940. Various historiographical appraisals have been made of the actions of Roosevelt, his administration, Congress, the Jewish community, and general public, and these opinions have generated markedly divergent opinions. Some have alleged that FDR and his administration, particularly the Department of State, abandoned the Jews to their fate while others assert that, in the context of the time, he did everything that was potentially achievable. Debate has also been waged over wide-ranging accusations of inaction, apathy, prejudice, and complicity involving official sources, the general public, and American Jewry. I argue that any assessment of responsibility for failure to attempt rescue can be laid at the feet of many actors in this existential drama of life and death.

MELO, Janaína Farias de. Significado do sistema de cotas para o ingresso no ensino superior para estudantes negros de escolas públicas de Fortaleza. 2016. 107f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-30T16:21:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jfmelo.pdf: 1022541 bytes, checksum: a29eaba20b6780c3df0b483cf41e789c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jfmelo.pdf: 1022541 bytes, checksum: a29eaba20b6780c3df0b483cf41e789c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-01T12:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_jfmelo.pdf: 1022541 bytes, checksum: a29eaba20b6780c3df0b483cf41e789c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This dissertation has as objective to analyze the meaning of Affirmative Action Policity – Quota System for adolescents and young people from public schools in Fortaleza, who declared themselves as African descendants, from the changes in access to public university process. The methodology is qualitative approach, using Focus Group with students from a school in which the students have shown greater knowledge about the Affirmative Action Policity, based on the analysis of responses to a questionnaire, applied on 464 students which participated the survey “Expectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de fortaleza: implicações da implantação do Sistema de Cotas no Ceará” (2014-2015). The material registered in the focus group had been interpreted based on the analysis of Bakhtin’s Speech coming from the linguistic theory and the Cultural History that is based on the assumption of language as a dialogical process and producer of human subjectivity. The understanding of the meanings and the sense constructed by subjects in relation to their educational future against of the deployment of the quota system, as well as the regards issues related to ethnic identity had been valorized. Was departed, then the assumption that new meanings was produced by theses students about access to higher education as they know the opportunities arising from the affirmative action’s policy for expanding the admission of black students in higher education. With the Focus Group, we conclude that students demonstrated do not have a meaningfully differentiated knowledge of the Quota System, understanding superficially how it works and the changes it can bring to your entrances in higher education, but not empowering as protagonists of these rights or understanding more deeply of the system implementation reasons. Thus, the significance and the meanings produced by the students regarding the changes related to entrance to the higher education resemble those of common sense, i.e. they are not based on fundamentals that guide the elaboration of the quota policy, which take them to a favorable position to the social quotas and to a rejection of racial quotas, because they believe that the racial one will promote the intensification of prejudice, dissociating the ethnic-racial issue of historical, economic and social factor. We see based on the results the necessity of thinking ways of dissemination and discussion of quotas for students in high school, order to give them the understanding of the historical and political significance of its implementation and they can empower the rights, not moving away from a policy that is being done to the students themselves. / Essa dissertação possui por objetivo analisar, o significado da Política de Ações Afirmativas – Sistema de Cotas para adolescentes e jovens de ensino médio de Escolas Públicas de Fortaleza, que se autodeclaram como negros, a partir das mudanças no processo de acesso à universidade pública. A metodologia é de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se de Grupo Focal com estudantes de uma das escolas em que os alunos demonstraram maior conhecimento acerca das Políticas de Ações Afirmativas, a partir da análise das respostas de um questionário, aplicado em 464 estudantes que participaram da pesquisa “Expectativas de futuro de jovens negros do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas de fortaleza: implicações da implantação do Sistema de Cotas no Ceará” (2014-2015). O material registrado no grupo focal foi interpretado com base na Análise do Discurso de orientação bakhtiniana, teoria proveniente da linguística, e na Teoria Histórico Cultural que partem do pressuposto da linguagem como um processo dialógico e produtor da subjetividade humana. Valorizou-se a compreensão dos significados e sentidos construídos pelos sujeitos em relação ao seu futuro educacional diante da implantação do sistema de cotas, bem como em relação às questões referentes à identidade étnica. Partiu-se, então, da hipótese de que novos significados são produzidos por esses estudantes acerca do ingresso no ensino superior, na medida em que conhecem oportunidades surgidas com a política de ações afirmativas voltadas para a ampliação do ingresso de estudantes negros no ensino superior. Com o Grupo Focal, concluímos que os alunos não demonstraram possuir um conhecimento significativamente diferenciado acerca do Sistema de Cotas, entendendo, de forma superficial como funciona e as mudanças que pode trazer para seus ingressos no ensino superior, mas não se empoderando como protagonistas destes direitos, nem compreendendo de forma mais aprofundada os motivos de implementação do sistema. Assim, os significados e sentidos produzidos pelos alunos em relação às mudanças relacionadas ao ingresso no Ensino Superior se assemelham aos do senso comum, isto é, não estão baseados nos fundamentos que norteiam a elaboração da política de cotas, o que os levam a um posicionamento favorável às cotas sociais e a uma rejeição às cotas raciais, por acreditarem promover o acirramento do preconceito, dissociando a questão étnico-racial dos fatores históricos, econômicos e sociais. Vemos, a partir dos resultados, a necessidade de se pensar em formas de divulgação e debate sobre as cotas para os alunos de Ensino Médio, para que os mesmos compreendam o significado histórico e político de sua implementação e possam se empoderar de seus direitos

Essa dissertação busca compreender o complexo processo que acompanha a chegada dos estudantes cotistas à Universidade, bem como a autopercepção dos graduandos sobre seu sucesso na instituição. Como ponto de partida, a pergunta de pesquisa - que elementos detectáveis levam o aluno cotista a estudar na UFRGS? Para tanto, 409 estudantes cotistas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul responderam ao Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas. A análise dos dados levou à formulação de dois grupos: estudantes cotistas do interior e estudantes cotistas da região metropolitana. Os grupos foram divididos conforme a região econômica de pertencimento e análise da trajetória universitária familiar. Posteriormente, 222 estudantes foram novamente contatados e responderam a novas questões. O estudo considera a interveniência das variáveis: idade, modalidade de ingresso na universidade, autodeclaração étnica, renda, região econômica de origem, trajetória familiar educacional, entre outras. Consultamos os trabalhos de Lahire (1997) e Bourdieu (1989), para a análise da influência da trajetória familiar acadêmica. O estudo mostra as heterogeneidades do universo formado pelos estudantes cotistas. Além da coleta de dados quantitativos, a análise engloba a autopercepção fornecida pelos estudantes quanto à adaptação, sucesso e análise de vida acadêmica. A amostra é formada por alunos dos cursos de graduação da UFRGS das diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Para a coleta de dados, o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmico Reduzido (QVAr) adaptado ao contexto brasileiro por Granado (2004) e Granado, Santos, Almeida, Soares e Guisande (2005) e a realização de entrevistas em profundidade. / This dissertation aims to comprehend the complex process that accompanies the arrival of quota holder students to the University, as well as to consider the self perception of these undergraduate students regarding their success at the institution. The research question ―Which detectable elements lead the quota holder students to study at UFRGS (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil)‖ was used as a starting point. Thus, 409 quota holder students from UFRGS answered to the Academic Experiences Questionnaire. The data analysis drove the formulation of two groups: quota holder students from the countryside and quota holder students from the metropolitan area. The groups were divided according to their economic region of belonging and analysis of family‘s academic history. Thereafter, 222 students were once again contacted and answered new questions. The study takes into consideration the following intervening variables: age, type of admission into the university, ethnic self-identification, income, economic region of origin, educational history of the family, amongst others. The works of Lahire (1997) and Bourdieu (1989) were consulted in order to carry out the analysis of the influence of the family‘s educational history. The study shows the heterogeneities of the universe formed by quota holder students. In addition to collecting quantitative data, the analysis encompasses the self perception provided by the students concerning their adaptation, success and assessment of their academic life. The sample is formed by UFRGS‘ undergraduate students from different areas of knowledge. In order to collect data, the Reduced Academic Experiences Questionnaire (AEQ - Reduced Version), adapted to the Brazilian context by Granado (2004) and by Granado, Santos, Almeida, Soares and Guisande (2005), was used to collect data and in-depth interviews were conducted.

O presente estudo apresenta diversos dados estatísticos, mas dá especial atenção ao caráter teórico-interpretativo das fontes selecionadas, tendo como objetivo contribuir para a ampliação dos horizontes do debate sobre a política de cotas nas universidades públicas brasileiras com base em reflexões a respeito das questões das desigualdades, dos direitos e do significado da esfera pública para a democracia em nosso país. O estudo tem como princípio que somente uma perspectiva que incorpore esses elementos é capaz de ultrapassar o minimalismo conceitual presente na maioria das reflexões sobre o tema. O debate sobre a política de cotas é recente no Brasil, mas não é esse o motivo de sua grande fragilidade. Entendemos que anulação histórica do verdadeiro sentido, do significado da política social, bem como da esfera pública e da questão de acesso aos direitos na sociedade brasileira, engendra incompreensões que acabam sendo favoráveis a manutenção de processos elitistas/discriminatórios em nossa sociedade. Processos estes que acabam negando possibilidades históricas conquistadas pelas lutas das próprias classes subalternas. A política de cotas é entendida na tese como política de Estado e não se limita a um debate de apoio ou oposição às ações afirmativas, pois as mesmas já existem de modo significativo e necessitam ser pensada, tanto é que estavam presentes no projeto de reforma universitária e, posteriormente em projetos específicos no Congresso Nacional, gerando grandes polêmicas. Elaborada a partir de preocupações profissionais voltadas para desvelar o sentido dos principais eixos do debate e o cenário histórico de sua emergência e desenvolvimento, este trabalho propõe-se também oferecer aos que trabalham, estudam e vivenciam na prática o tema, um suporte para compreensão inclusiva deste cenário. O interesse deste estudo, dados o seu objeto e o tratamento que se lhe conferiu, ultrapassa o âmbito dos educadores, tornando-o pertinente a assistentes sociais, historiadores, sociólogos, advogados, teóricos políticos e analistas das identidades brasileiras. / The present study, besides offering a varied number of statistical data, emphasizes the theory and interpretation found in selected sources, aiming at a contribution for a comprehensive debate on the theme of the quota policy in Brazilian public universities, based on reflections about the issues of inequality, human rights, and the significance of the public sphere for democracy in our country. This study is based on the idea that only having these elements in perspective it is possible to transcend the conceptual minimalism that pervades the majority of the reflections upon this theme. The debate on the quota policy is a recent one in Brazil, however, this is not the reason for its increased fragility. We understand that the historical annihilation of the true sense, of the meaning of the social course of action, as well as the public sphere and the issue of having access to rights in the Brazilian society, originate the sort of misunderstandings that end up being favorable to the upkeep of elitist/discriminatory ways in our society. These ways finally deny historical possibilities conquered by the lower classes in their fights. The quota policy is defined here as State policy, not limited to a debate of supporting or opposing affirmative actions, which already exist significantly and need to be considered, as they were part of the project of reform in universities and later in specific projects at the National Congress, generating a great deal of controversy. This study comes from professional concern and aims at revealing the significance of the main points in this debate and the historical background of its origins and development; it offers those who work, study, and experience this situation, the kind of support they need in order to have a comprehensive understanding of this scenario. The main interest in this study, according to its object and the method used to build it, transcends the scope of educators, making it relevant to social workers, historians, sociologists, attorneys at law, political scientists and analysts of Brazilian collective characteristics.

Using data from the 2006 – 2013 English Premier League (EPL) seasons, this paper finds evidence that the Home Grown policy does not provide a differential effect. As a consequence of the ruling, however, EPL clubs have generally acquired more English players. While English players are detrimental to a club’s ability to achieve a top 4 finish in the pre-policy period, this paper finds that English players positively influence top clubs in the post-policy period. More specifically, a successful club in the pre-policy period is 18% more likely to achieve a top 4 finish in the post-policy period by acquiring more English players in response to the Home Grown ruling. Furthermore, these top clubs are able to maintain their pre-policy competitiveness by outspending their counterparts to acquire the most talented Englishmen. As such, this paper also finds that increasing club transfer expenditures favors EPL club success in the post-policy period.

O presente estudo apresenta diversos dados estatísticos, mas dá especial atenção ao caráter teórico-interpretativo das fontes selecionadas, tendo como objetivo contribuir para a ampliação dos horizontes do debate sobre a política de cotas nas universidades públicas brasileiras com base em reflexões a respeito das questões das desigualdades, dos direitos e do significado da esfera pública para a democracia em nosso país. O estudo tem como princípio que somente uma perspectiva que incorpore esses elementos é capaz de ultrapassar o minimalismo conceitual presente na maioria das reflexões sobre o tema. O debate sobre a política de cotas é recente no Brasil, mas não é esse o motivo de sua grande fragilidade. Entendemos que anulação histórica do verdadeiro sentido, do significado da política social, bem como da esfera pública e da questão de acesso aos direitos na sociedade brasileira, engendra incompreensões que acabam sendo favoráveis a manutenção de processos elitistas/discriminatórios em nossa sociedade. Processos estes que acabam negando possibilidades históricas conquistadas pelas lutas das próprias classes subalternas. A política de cotas é entendida na tese como política de Estado e não se limita a um debate de apoio ou oposição às ações afirmativas, pois as mesmas já existem de modo significativo e necessitam ser pensada, tanto é que estavam presentes no projeto de reforma universitária e, posteriormente em projetos específicos no Congresso Nacional, gerando grandes polêmicas. Elaborada a partir de preocupações profissionais voltadas para desvelar o sentido dos principais eixos do debate e o cenário histórico de sua emergência e desenvolvimento, este trabalho propõe-se também oferecer aos que trabalham, estudam e vivenciam na prática o tema, um suporte para compreensão inclusiva deste cenário. O interesse deste estudo, dados o seu objeto e o tratamento que se lhe conferiu, ultrapassa o âmbito dos educadores, tornando-o pertinente a assistentes sociais, historiadores, sociólogos, advogados, teóricos políticos e analistas das identidades brasileiras. / The present study, besides offering a varied number of statistical data, emphasizes the theory and interpretation found in selected sources, aiming at a contribution for a comprehensive debate on the theme of the quota policy in Brazilian public universities, based on reflections about the issues of inequality, human rights, and the significance of the public sphere for democracy in our country. This study is based on the idea that only having these elements in perspective it is possible to transcend the conceptual minimalism that pervades the majority of the reflections upon this theme. The debate on the quota policy is a recent one in Brazil, however, this is not the reason for its increased fragility. We understand that the historical annihilation of the true sense, of the meaning of the social course of action, as well as the public sphere and the issue of having access to rights in the Brazilian society, originate the sort of misunderstandings that end up being favorable to the upkeep of elitist/discriminatory ways in our society. These ways finally deny historical possibilities conquered by the lower classes in their fights. The quota policy is defined here as State policy, not limited to a debate of supporting or opposing affirmative actions, which already exist significantly and need to be considered, as they were part of the project of reform in universities and later in specific projects at the National Congress, generating a great deal of controversy. This study comes from professional concern and aims at revealing the significance of the main points in this debate and the historical background of its origins and development; it offers those who work, study, and experience this situation, the kind of support they need in order to have a comprehensive understanding of this scenario. The main interest in this study, according to its object and the method used to build it, transcends the scope of educators, making it relevant to social workers, historians, sociologists, attorneys at law, political scientists and analysts of Brazilian collective characteristics.