Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka hur samiska identiteter beskrivs och görs i relation till majoritetssamhället i samiska raptexter. För att uppfylla syftet gjordes en tematisk textanalys av nio låttexter av tre olika samiska hiphopartister. Ett teoretiskt ramverk kring identitet som begrepp togs fram och användes i analysen. Begreppen identitetsskapande, mellanförskap, resiliens och kollektivt minne knyter an till det teoretiska ramverket och används för att nyansera analysen teoretiskt. I uppsatsen diskuteras hiphop som ett stärkande och resilierande forum för individuellt och kollektivt identitetsskapande. Vi menar att hiphop används som ett redskap av samiska rapartister för att styra ett identitetsnarrativ och hantera ett identitetsskapande som är omringat av inre och yttre konflikter. Vidare menar vi att samiskt identitetsskapande i texterna förhåller sig genomgående till det postkoloniala Sápmi, utanförskap, marginalisering och en ansträngd relation till majoritetssamhället och staten Sverige. Avslutningsvis kan vi konstatera att samiskt identitetsskapande tar sig uttryck på flera olika sätt i raptexterna och att texterna i sig är en del av ett identitetsskapande. I förlängningen så anser vi att uppsatsen bidrar till en ökad förståelse av samiskhet, samiskt identitetsskapande och samers sociala villkor i Sverige.

[pt] O foco do presente estudo são Batalhas de Rap femininas. Busca-se compreender metapragmáticas construídas em Batalhas de Rap femininas em dois canais do YouTube. A pesquisa parte do pressuposto histórico e social do Hip-hop, em que se inserem as Batalhas de Rap, como um ambiente de hegemonia masculina. A orientação teórica é da Sociolinguística Contemporânea, no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada, em interface com a Antropologia Linguística, Pragmática e Filosofia da Linguagem. A linguagem é entendida como performatização de sentidos. São utilizados conceitos de performance, performatividade, metapragmática, indexicalidade, entextualização e escala. A metodologia é da etnografia com a concepção de mobilidade onlineOffline em visão qualitativa e interpretativista. Nos dados analisados, as batalhas, ao viajarem para o YouTube, em vídeos, recebem reescalonamentos de significados estabilizados e a produção de outros. A palavra, como eixo central das batalhas, é um mecanismo de operação de significados em lutas que atravessam a vivência das MCs. As metapragmáticas apontam para causas coletivas de forma espiralar e trazem outras vozes para as rimas. O processo semiótico nas rimas das MCs busca produzir alianças das mulheres no rap. Os significados são avaliados pela audiência virtual em comentários, o que promove a construção reflexiva sobre as escalas. Vimos assim que as produções de sentido nas Batalhas de Rap femininas funcionam com ordens de indexicalidade, de forma a operar metapragmáticas sobre a prática cultural e sobre a vida. Os significados são entrelaçados por questões históricas, políticas, sociais e culturais sobre mulheres negras, lésbicas, paternidade, sexualidade, assédio, representatividade e religião. / [en] The focus of the present study is female Rap Battles. It seeks to understand metapragmatics built in female Rap Battles on two YouTube channels. The research lies in the historical and social assumptions of Hip-hop, in which Rap Battles are inserted, as an environment of male hegemony. Its theoretical orientation is Contemporary Sociolinguistics, within the scope of Applied Linguistics, in interface with Linguistic Anthropology, Pragmatics and Philosophy of Language. Language is understood as performance of meanings. Concepts of performance, performativity, metapragmatics, indexicality, entextualization and scale are used. The methodology adopted is ethnography with the concept of onlineOffline mobility in a qualitative and interpretive view. The analyzed data point out that when battles are posted on YouTube, stabilized meanings suffer a process of rescaling and meaning productions. The word, as the central axis of the battles, is a mechanism for operating meanings in struggles that cross the experience of the MCs. Metapragmatics point to collective causes in a spiral fashion and bring other voices to the rhymes. The semiotic process in the MCs rhymes seeks to produce alliances between women in rap. Meanings are evaluated by the virtual audience in comments, which promotes a reflective construction on the scales. Thus, we could notice the productions of meaning in female Rap Battles work with orders of indexicality, in order to operate metapragmatics on both cultural practice and life. Meanings are intertwined by historical, political, social and cultural issues about black women, lesbians, parenthood, sexuality, harassment, representation and religion.

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux pratiques, aux valeurs et aux représentations des amatrices de rap francophones qui vivent à Montréal dans le but de saisir ce qui caractérise leur amateurisme. Une série d’entretiens de type récit de vie a été réalisée auprès de quinze amatrices de rap qui écoutent du rap de manière régulière et depuis plusieurs années. Plusieurs thématiques ont été explorés avec les amatrices, dont leur découverte du rap, leurs pratiques d’écoute actuelles et passées, leur rapport intime à la musique, leurs valeurs, leur identité ou encore leurs rapports et interactions avec les autres amateur.trice.s. J’ai pu observer que les femmes qui aiment le rap en écoutent majoritairement seules ou en petits groupes et qu’une partie importante d’entre elles ont été introduites à la culture hip-hop et au rap par le biais de leur grand frère. Les amatrices entretiennent un rapport intime à la musique et se servent de l’écoute du rap pour extérioriser leurs émotions. Le sentiment le plus souvent ressenti par les femmes lorsqu’elles écoutent du rap est l’empowerment. L’écoute du rap s’avère être positive pour les femmes et leur donne de la confiance et de la puissance. Cependant, les interactions sociales que les amatrices entretiennent avec les hommes amateurs de rap font état d’un phénomène de boys’ club qui touche aussi bien le groupe des amateur.trice.s que celui des autres acteur.trice.s de la scène rap montréalaise. Les points de vue et le travail des femmes sont souvent délégitimés ou minimisés par les acteurs du monde du rap. Ma recherche a également révélé la pertinence de l’intersectionnalité dans la compréhension des vécus et des points de vue des amatrices. En effet, l’inscription différenciée des amatrices dans les rapports sociaux de race et de classe segmente certaines des expériences qui caractérisent leur amateurisme, notamment en ce qui a trait à leurs représentations sociales. Les femmes noires et/ou racisées sont davantage conscientes des structures de domination et des dynamiques de pouvoir qui structurent les expériences des acteur.trice.s à l’intérieur du monde du rap au Québec que les femmes blanches. / This research focuses on the practices, values and representations of female francophone rap fans living in Montreal to understand what characterizes their amateurism. A series of life story interviews was conducted with fifteen female rap fans who have been listening to rap music regularly for several years. Several themes were explored with them, including their discovery of rap, their current and past listening practices, their intimate relationship with music, their values, their identity, and their relationships and interactions with other fans. I was able to observe that women who like rap music mostly listen to it alone or in small groups, and that a significant portion of them were introduced to hip-hop culture and rap music through their older brother. Female fans have an intimate relationship with music and listen to rap to express their emotions. The feeling that women most often experience when listening to rap music is empowerment. Listening to rap music is shown to be positive for women and gives them confidence and power. However, the social interactions that female fans have with male rap fans reveal a boys' club phenomenon that affects both the fan group and other players in the Montreal rap scene. Women's views and work are often delegitimized or minimized by the male actors of the rap world. My research also revealed the relevance of intersectionality in understanding the experiences and perspectives of female fans. Indeed, the differentiated inscription of female fans in social relations of race and class segments some of the experiences that characterize their amateurism, particularly regarding their social representations. Black and/or racialized women are more aware of the structures of domination and power dynamics that structure the experiences of actors within the Quebec rap scene than white women.

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Mustaque Hossain / Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is a useful alternative to virgin aggregates in hot-mix asphalt (HMA) as it reduces cost, conserves energy, and enables reuse of existing asphalt pavement. However, use of higher percentage of RAP sometimes leads to drier mixes that are often susceptible to early cracking. In this study, cracking resistance of Superpave mixtures with varying asphalt and RAP contents were investigated. HMA specimens were prepared based on Superpave mix design criteria for 12.5-mm (1/2-inch) nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS). Specimens were compacted using the Superpave gyratory compactor. Static and repeated semi-circular bending (SCB) tests and Texas overlay tests (OT) (TEX-248-F) were performed in order to evaluate cracking resistance of Superpave mixtures containing three different asphalt contents (5.2%, 4.9%, and 4.6%) and three RAP percentages (20%, 30%, and 40%) from two distinct sources. Results from both crack tests showed that, with decreased asphalt content, cracking propensity increases. In general, higher percentage of RAP decreases cracking resistance. Statistical analysis of the results indicated a strong positive correlation between the asphalt film thickness and the number of load cycles before failure. Comparison of mean test results suggested that the Texas overlay test could do better evaluation of cracking resistance than the R-SCB test. This study was limited to mixtures with two sources of RAP. Because of such limitations and conflicting results from these RAP sources, a general conclusion regarding the minimum binder and maximum RAP contents without compromising cracking resistance could not be made. However, separate conclusions were drawn depending upon the characteristics of the RAP source.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This paper examines the prevalence of sexual violence in American media with particular focus on attitudes of sexual violence as a contribution to rape culture. Included is a content analysis of the prevalence of sexually violent lyrics in popular rap music, and a literature review of articles and studies on the effects of sexually violent media. The media discussed in the literature review includes films, television, and pornography. The relationship between the presence of sexually violent media and its impact on public opinion on sexual assault and rape proclivity are analyzed. The literature reviewed includes studies on differences in response to sexually violent media based on gender. Also included are explanation and summary of a study utilizing the excitation transfer theory and the social learning theory as they apply to the understanding of the perpetuation of rape myth acceptance based in the viewing of sexually violent media. These studies utilize the rape myth acceptance scale, the acceptance of interpersonal violence scale, and the adversarial sexual beliefs scale, among other scales of measurement to assess rape myth acceptance and rape proclivity. The high prevalence of sexual assault in the United States calls for an analysis of the acceptance of beliefs that perpetuate sexual assault and the media which support and increase the presence of these beliefs.

This project examines Dr. C. DeLores Tucker’s efforts to abolish the production and distribution of gangsta rap to the American youth. Though her efforts were courageous and daring, they were not sufficient. The thesis will trace Tucker’s crusade beginning in 1992 through the end of the 1990s. It brings together several themes in post-World War II American history, such as the issues of race, gender, popular culture, economics, and the role of government. The first chapter thematically explores Tucker’s crusade, detailing her methodology and highlighting pivotal events throughout the movement. The second chapter discusses how opposition from rap artists, and the music industry, media coverage of Tucker and her followers, and resistance from members of Congress contributed to the failure of her endeavor.

5 Abstract This thesis is focused on the poetics of czech hip hop lyrics. It deals with meanings lyrics can posess inside the frame of different models of youth subcultures or in context of dominant culture. The comparathive method showed being of good use because of cultural transfer, that lies in the very basics of hip hop music and culture. The relation between music and lyrics in a whole of single performance, whether is it concert or record, is also an important topic of this research. Key words hip hop, rap, popular culture, lyrics, subculture

Master of Science / Civil Engineering / Mustaque A. Hossain / Use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement has become widespread recently due to rising costs of virgin binder and increased attention to sustainability. Historically, recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) has been the most commonly used recycled material for hot-mix asphalt (HMA). However, recycled asphalt shingle (RAS), another recycled material, has recently become popular. Although there are some guidelines regarding use of RAP and RAS in HMA, their effects on mixture performance, especially on mixtures containing RAS, are not thoroughly understood. In this research, three recycled Superpave mixture designs from the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) with 9.5 mm (SR-9.5A) and 19 mm (SR-19A) Nominal Maximum Aggregate Size (NMAS) were selected as control mixtures. Mixtures containing higher percentages of recycled materials (RAP and RAS) were developed using KDOT blending charts. A total of nine mixtures with varying virgin binder contents were designed and assessed for moisture susceptibility, rutting resistance, and fatigue cracking propensity using modified Lottman, Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device, flow number, Dynamic Modulus, and S-VECD direct tension fatigue tests. Results confirmed the effect of NMAS and material source on mixture performance. For SR-9.5A, the mixtures showed increased susceptibility to moisture and rutting damage below virgin binder content of 75%. For SR-19A, mixtures with virgin binder content of 70% showed satisfactory performance properties. Mixtures with virgin binder contents lower than 60% definitely showed inferior performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosmeiri Aparecida Rodrigues da Silva.pdf: 302552 bytes, checksum: b006a1e97672224976eb339c46739b38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-11 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This paper discusses an analysis of the discursive practices of the rap group Racionais MC's, being one of the pioneering groups in this genre is respected and admired by many, mainly young people from the suburbs of large cities. Based on the concepts of discourse analysis in the perspective of Maingueneau Dominique (2008) chose to work with the following plans of the Global Semantic proposed by the author: the scenery, the discursive ethos and interdiscursivity. Given these considerations our overall goal was to show how the set designs were built and the construction of the ethos of the rapper's outskirts. And as a specific goal to show how the ethos manifested in three selected rap lyrics reveals the identification between young adults living in the suburbs of Greater Sao Paulo and the discourse in this statement of the group's rappers Racionais MC's / Esse trabalho objetiva mostrar uma análise das práticas discursivas do grupo de rap Racionais MC s, por ser um dos grupos pioneiros nesse gênero musical é respeitado e admirado por muitos, principalmente por jovens das periferias das grandes cidades. Com base nos conceitos da Análise do Discurso na perspectiva de Dominique Maingueneau (2008) optamos por trabalhar com os seguintes planos da Semântica Global proposta pelo autor: a cenografia, o ethos discursivo e a interdiscursividade. Diante de tais considerações nosso objetivo geral foi mostrar como foram construídas as cenografias e a construção do ethos do rapper da periferia. E como objetivo específico mostrar como o ethos manifestado em três letras de rap selecionadas nos revela a identificação existente entre jovens moradores em periferias da Grande São Paulo e o discurso presente no enunciado dos rappers do grupo Racinais MC s