PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze anatomical spatial limitations of the existing bone for maxillary anterior implant placement in normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty Two (52) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were selected. A 3i Osteotite (6 x 15mm) implant was superimposed on tooth positions from the right first premolar to left first premolar on reformatted cross sectional mages of maxillary anterior teeth. For the first trial, the implant was positioned following the alveolar bone axis. Utilizing Invivo 5 Software (Anatomage), the proximal overlaps between superimposed implants were evaluated at successive vertical steps of 2.5 mm. The prospective crown angulation or PCA (defined as the angulation between the crown axis and alveolar bone axis) was measured. The inter-canine distance across the arch, the palatal plane length and the palatal bony angulation (defined as the angulation between the palatal surface and the alveolar bone axis) were also measured. For the second trial, implant positioning followed a prosthetic driven position; the crown axis. The crown axis was defined as a line drawn from the midpoint of a line between the mid buccal/lingual CEJ to the incisal edge. The crest height and the apical height at which the implant's 1mm sleeve penetrated the buccal wall were calculated. RESULTS: The implant position at the central incisor and lateral incisor presented the highest percentage of overlap in both the biologically and prosthetically driven positions. The prospective crown angulation was higher at the location of the lateral incisor compared to the central incisor and canine position. The association between the remaining anatomical parameters and the prevalence of overlap was analyzed with bi-serial correlation. There was no significant relationship among any of these parameters. When the implant was simulated in a prosthetically driven position, the lateral incisor implant position frequently showed perforation at 5mm apical to the buccal crest margin demonstrating this position as highly sensitive. SUMMARY: The data demonstrated that the constriction of the alveolar bony volume in the anterior maxilla could affect implant placement. Understanding this bone morphology suggests a major limitation in the central/lateral positions which might require bone grafting. A new unique reference plane was utilized for this study. / 2018-09-28T00:00:00Z

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Douglas Fillmore Cannon. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1979. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Includes bibliographical references. / by George E. Smith. / Ph.D.

O sistema de referência da rede de satélites GPS (Global Positioning System) é o sistema geocêntrico World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84). As coordenadas de pontos obtidos usando o GPS são definidas para este sistema de referência. Entretanto, o engenheiro ao utilizar as coordenadas destes pontos geodésicos, requer que estejam referenciados no sistema local. O sistema local está associado a um elipsóide que melhor se adapta à área de trabalho. No Brasil, é adotado o sistema não geocêntrico South American Datum SAD-69. Uma vez que o WGS-84 é um sistema geocêntrico e o local não é, algumas transformações de coordenadas são necessárias. Os parâmetros de transformação das coordenadas entre os dois sistemas, publicados pelo IBGE para todo o Brasil, apresentam divergências se comparados a parâmetros obtidos para uma determinada região. Assim este trabalho tem por finalidade discutir alguns métodos possíveis de serem empregados para determinar os parâmetros de transformação entre os sistemas WGS-84 e o SAD-69, para a região de São Carlos-SP. / The reference system of the satellites network GPS (Global Positioning System) is the geocentric system WGS-84. When the coordinates of a point in the Earth’s surface are computed by using a GPS receiver, they are computed for this reference system. However, for practical purposes is desirable that the computed point be in the local coordinate system of the user, which is associated to an ellipsoid that best fits the region of work. In the Brazil, is accepted the system geocentric not South American Datum 1969 (SAD-69). Considering that the WGS-84 system is a geocentric system and that the local system is not, it is necessary to perform some transformation of coordinates. The transformation parameters of the coordinates between two system, published by IBGE all over Brazil, present regional divergency. From this point of view, this paper discus some methods that can be applied to determine the transformation parameters between WGS-84 and SAD-69 systems, for the region of São Carlos-SP.

Orientador: Nobuo Oki / Banca: Cláudio Kitano / Banca: Márcio Barbosa Lucks / Resumo: Referências de tensão integradas com baixa sensibilidade à temperatura, tensão de a- limentação e eventos transitórios são componentes críticos na maioria dos circuitos integra- dos. Neste trabalho, além das restrições costumeiras, foi adicionada a preocupação com a in- terferência eletromagnética a qual vem ganhando muita importância devido a crescente polui- ção eletromagnética no ambiente. Assim, neste trabalho, propõe-se o projeto de uma referên- cia de tensão tipo bandgap com baixa susceptibilidade a interferência eletromagnética (EMI). O projeto deste circuito baseia-se na soma de duas correntes (referência de tensão baseada em corrente), uma com coeficiente complementar a temperatura absoluta (CTAT) e outra com coeficiente proporcional à temperatura absoluta (PTAT), aplicada sobre um resistor. Neste projeto, a susceptibilidade a interferência eletromagnética de uma referência de tensão band- gap é estudada por meio de simulação. Projetada para ser fabricada com a tecnologia CMOS 0,35 μm da AMS (Autriamicrosystems), a referência forneceu uma tensão de referência está- vel de 1,354 V em sua saída operando normalmente na faixa de temperatura de -40 a 150oC. Quando submetido à EMI, o circuito exibiu apenas 24,7 mV (quando filtros capacitivos são incluído) de offset induzido, para um sinal de interferência variando de 150 kHz a 1 GHz / Abstract: Integrated voltage references with low sensitivity to temperature, supply voltage and transient events are critical requirements in the most of integrated circuits. In this work, be- sides the usual restrictions, was added to concern with electromagnetic interference which is gaining much importance due to increasing electromagnetic pollution on the environment. So, in this work, proposes the design of a bandgap voltage reference with low susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI) is proposed. The design of the circuit is based on the sum of two currents (current-based voltage reference), one with coefficient complementary to ab- solute temperature (CTAT) and the other with coefficient proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) into a resistor. In this work, the susceptibility to electromagnetic interference in a bandgap voltage reference is evaluated by simulations. Designed to be implemented in AMS (Autriamicrosystems) 0,35 μm CMOS process, the reference provides a stable voltage refer- ence equal to 1,354 V in the output working properly in the temperature range of -40 to 150oC. When EMI is injected, the circuit exhibits only 24,7 mV (when capacitive filters are included) of induced offset, for an interference signal varying in the frequency range of 150 kHz to 1 GHz / Mestre

O sistema de referência da rede de satélites GPS (Global Positioning System) é o sistema geocêntrico World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84). As coordenadas de pontos obtidos usando o GPS são definidas para este sistema de referência. Entretanto, o engenheiro ao utilizar as coordenadas destes pontos geodésicos, requer que estejam referenciados no sistema local. O sistema local está associado a um elipsóide que melhor se adapta à área de trabalho. No Brasil, é adotado o sistema não geocêntrico South American Datum SAD-69. Uma vez que o WGS-84 é um sistema geocêntrico e o local não é, algumas transformações de coordenadas são necessárias. Os parâmetros de transformação das coordenadas entre os dois sistemas, publicados pelo IBGE para todo o Brasil, apresentam divergências se comparados a parâmetros obtidos para uma determinada região. Assim este trabalho tem por finalidade discutir alguns métodos possíveis de serem empregados para determinar os parâmetros de transformação entre os sistemas WGS-84 e o SAD-69, para a região de São Carlos-SP. / The reference system of the satellites network GPS (Global Positioning System) is the geocentric system WGS-84. When the coordinates of a point in the Earth’s surface are computed by using a GPS receiver, they are computed for this reference system. However, for practical purposes is desirable that the computed point be in the local coordinate system of the user, which is associated to an ellipsoid that best fits the region of work. In the Brazil, is accepted the system geocentric not South American Datum 1969 (SAD-69). Considering that the WGS-84 system is a geocentric system and that the local system is not, it is necessary to perform some transformation of coordinates. The transformation parameters of the coordinates between two system, published by IBGE all over Brazil, present regional divergency. From this point of view, this paper discus some methods that can be applied to determine the transformation parameters between WGS-84 and SAD-69 systems, for the region of São Carlos-SP.

This thesis focuses on the issue of how language users refer to an entity during discourse production, by investigating representations and processes that underlie the choice between pronouns and repeated noun phrases. Past research has shown that the use of pronouns (relative to more explicit expressions) is affected by the referent’s salience in the prior linguistic context, but much less is known about how non-linguistic context affects the referent’s salience and the choice of expression. Recent research has suggested that the referent’s non-linguistic salience has no effect on the choice of pronouns and names (Arnold & Griffin, 2007). One of the major findings of the research reported in this thesis is that the referent's salience in the visual context plays an important role in the form of reference: Pronouns were less frequent (relative to repeated noun phrases) when the competitor was present than absent in the visual context. My second major finding is that similarity-based interference affects the choice of referring expressions. Pronouns are less frequent when discourse entities are similar in terms of their inherent conceptual properties as well as extrinsic properties, suggesting that the more similar the competitor to the referent, the stronger the interference, reducing pronoun usage. My third major finding is that contrary to many linguistic theories that assume that speakers choose referring expressions that are optimally helpful for their addressee (Ariel, 1990; Clark & Marshall, 1981; Givón, 1983), speakers do not choose expressions by adopting the addressee's discourse model: Pronouns are more frequent when the referent is salient to the speaker, not to the addressee. I argue that the explicitness of referring expressions is affected by the degree of conceptual access that is needed to initiate production processes: The more conceptual access is needed, the more elaborate expressions tend to be produced.

Do you have trouble spelling everyday words? Is your spell check on overdrive? Well, this easy-to-use dictionary is just what you need! Organized with speed and convenience in mind, it gives you instant access to the correct spellings of more than 12,500 words. Also provided are quick tips and memory tricks, like: Help yourself get the spelling of their right by thinking of the phrase ?their heirlooms.? Most words ending in a ?seed? sound are spelled ?-cede? or ?-ceed,? but one word ends in ?-sede.? You could say the rule for spelling this word supersedes the other rules. No matter what you’re working on, you can be confident that your good writing won’t be marred by bad spelling. This book takes away the guesswork and helps you make a good impression! / https://dc.etsu.edu/alumni_books/1026/thumbnail.jpg

abstract: Space exploration is a large field that requires high performing circuitry due to the harsh environment. Within a space environment one of the biggest factors leading to circuit failure is radiation. Circuits must be robust enough to continue operation after being exposed to the high doses of radiation. Bandgap reference (BGR) circuits are designed to be voltage references that stay stable across a wide range of supply voltages and temperatures. A bandgap reference is a piece of a large circuit that supplies critical elements of the large circuit with a constant voltage. When used in a space environment with large amounts of radiation a BGR needs to maintain its output voltage to enable the rest of the circuit to operate under proper conditions. Since a BGR is not a standalone circuit it is difficult and expensive to test if a BGR is maintaining its reference voltage. This thesis describes a methodology of isolating and simulating bandgap references. Both NPN and PNP bandgap references are simulated over a variety of radiation doses and dose rates. This methodology will allow the degradation due to radiation of a BGR to be modeled easily and affordably. It can be observed that many circuits experience enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) which can lead to failure at low total ionizing doses (TID) of radiation. A compact model library demonstrating degradation of transistors at both high and low dose rates (HDR and LDR) will be used to show bandgap references reliability. Specifically, two bandgap references being utilized in commercial off the shelf low dropout regulators (LDO) will be evaluated. The LDOs are reverse engineered in a simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE). Within the two LDOs the bandgaps will be the points of interest. Of the LDOs one has a positive regulated voltage and one has a negative regulated voltage. This requires an NPN and a PNP based BGR respectively. This simulation methodology will draw conclusions about the above bandgap references, and how they operate under radiation at different doses and dose rates. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2019

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