<p>  </p> <p>The role of trust and risk tolerance has received renewed attention in the field of environmental conservation and management as scholars are increasingly interested in integrating various social, economic, political, cultural, and psychological understandings, concepts, and theories into environmental conservation and natural resource management. This dissertation has two foci. The first focus is on examining the role of trust in the development and maintenance of collaborative environmental conservation programs and factors influencing trust (Chapters 2 and 3) and the second focus is on examining drivers of risk tolerance in the context of human-wildlife conflict (Chapter 4). Specifically, Chapter 2 focuses on the development and maintenance of NGO-municipal collaborations in an incentive-based environmental conservation program in Bolivia, where an NGO coordinated with four municipal governments in the initiation and implementation of the Watershared program. With a particular focus on the role of trust, I examined how municipal and NGO staff interact to negotiate, fund, and develop Watershared, their motivations to initiate such partnerships, factors that influence the maintenance of such partnerships, and how staff within these organizations envision their future collaborations. I collected and analyzed data from 15 semi-structured interviews with municipal decision makers and conservation practitioners in the implementing NGO and data from participant observation of several Watershared events and NGO meetings, utilizing an integrated Institutional Analysis Design (IAD) framework. My results suggest that trust and interpersonal relationships built upon shared values and goals and the program history in the region were important factors shaping NGO-municipal collaborations. At the same time, my results show that the NGO and municipal partners had different visions of the future of the program, particularly who would be responsible for program funding and implementation, and different organizational capacities that may influence their abilities to maintain their collaborations over time. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of understanding local dynamics in developing and maintaining NGO-municipal collaborations, particularly the role of adaptability and interpersonal relationships and the challenges related to goal misalignments over time. In Chapter 3, I investigated trust of Watershared participants and non-participants towards various organizations and the collaborating partners of Watershared, particularly the forms of trust present and the factors influencing their trust. By collecting and analyzing data from 1,030 household surveys of Watershared participants and non-participants in 72 communities in the Department of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, my results suggest that factors influencing trust in NGOs vs municipal governments differed even as the type of trust held in both entities was the same. Specifically, that community embeddedness and program participation significantly influenced trust in NGOs while perceived fairness and equality within communities and experience of political instability influence program participants’ trust in local municipalities. Overall, these results demonstrate the utility of a multi-level trust lens in developing informed understandings of trust across organizations while highlighting opportunities for natural resource professionals to enhance trust across organizations. Finally, Chapter 4 of my dissertation moved away from research in Bolivia to examine risk tolerance and trust in a different context due to my strong interest in human-wildlife conflict. Specifically, this chapter focuses on determining the factors that drive tolerance in livestock producer-black vulture conflicts in the midwestern United States. By collecting and analyzing data from 222 surveys of livestock producer in Indiana and Kentucky, I examined the economic, psychological, and social drivers of tolerance of black vultures. The results show that economic cost (e.g., livestock loss) was not a significant factor influencing risk tolerance; rather, wildlife value orientations such as utilitarian or mutualist beliefs, previous experience with black vultures, and intangible costs (i.e., emotions associated with wildlife) were significant drivers of tolerance. This chapter highlights the importance of incorporating non-economic factors in both understanding tolerance and developing policies and programs that reduce human-wildlife conflict. Overall, my dissertation examined trust, collaboration, and risk tolerance in two distinct contexts. Together, my results demonstrate the importance of integrating understandings of trust and risk tolerance with other economic, social, and psychological theories in developing a holistic approach to promoting collaborative natural resource management to address increasingly complex environmental conservation challenges.</p> <p>  </p>

Initialement, la théorie du risque supposait l’indépendance entre les différentes variables aléatoires et autres paramètres intervenant dans la modélisation actuarielle. De nos jours, cette hypothèse d’indépendance est souvent relâchée afin de tenir compte de possibles interactions entre les différents éléments des modèles. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d’introduire des modèles de dépendance pour différents aspects de la théorie du risque. Dans un premier temps, nous suggérons l’emploi des copules comme structure de dépendance. Nous abordons tout d’abord un problème d’allocation de capital basée sur la Tail-Value-at-Risk pour lequel nous supposons un lien introduit par une copule entre les différents risques. Nous obtenons des formules explicites pour le capital à allouer à l’ensemble du portefeuille ainsi que la contribution de chacun des risques lorsque nous utilisons la copule Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern. Pour les autres copules, nous fournissons une méthode d’approximation. Au deuxième chapitre, nous considérons le processus aléatoire de la somme des valeurs présentes des sinistres pour lequel les variables aléatoires du montant d’un sinistre et de temps écoulé depuis le sinistre précédent sont liées par une copule Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern. Nous montrons comment obtenir des formes explicites pour les deux premiers moments puis le moment d’ordre m de ce processus. Le troisième chapitre suppose un autre type de dépendance causée par un environnement extérieur. Dans le contexte de l’étude de la probabilité de ruine d’une compagnie de réassurance, nous utilisons un environnement markovien pour modéliser les cycles de souscription. Nous supposons en premier lieu des temps de changement de phases de cycle déterministes puis nous les considérons ensuite influencés en retour par les montants des sinistres. Nous obtenons, à l’aide de la méthode d’erlangisation, une approximation de la probabilité de ruine en temps fini. / Initially, it was supposed in risk theory that the random variables and other parameters of actuarial models were independent. Nowadays, this hypothesis is often relaxed to take into account possible interactions. In this thesis, we propose to introduce some dependence models for different aspects of risk theory. In a first part, we use copulas as dependence structure. We first tackle a problem of capital allocation based on the Tail-Value-at-Risk where the risks are supposed to be dependent according to a copula. We obtain explicit formulas for the capital to be allocated to the overall portfolio but also for the contribution of each risk when we use a Farlie-Gumbel-Morenstern copula. For the other copulas, we give an approximation method. In the second chapter, we consider the stochastic process of the discounted aggregate claims where the random variables for the claim amount and the time since the last claim are linked by a Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern copula. We show how to obtain exact expressions for the first two moments and for the moment of order m of the process. The third chapter assumes another type of dependence that is caused by an external environment. In the context of the study of the ruin probability for a reinsurance company, we use a Markovian environment to model the underwriting cycles. We suppose first deterministic cycle phase changes and then that these changes can also be influenced by the claim amounts. We use the erlangization method to obtain an approximation for the finite time ruin probability.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Luis Roland Zovico.pdf: 1204292 bytes, checksum: 668863ce803eb11dba42bd35de4e4aa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Studies on the Theory of Society, developed by Niklas Luhmann original form that identifies the function of law in contemporary society becomes one of law and does not limit its action, rather it seeks to overcome the traditional form of exercise and bounded right of action, thus contributing to more open spaces as possible to the action. In this dimension, the idea of risk, while bond with the future, becomes a technical elaboration of complexity in Modern Society. From this reflection, the thesis seeks to show how the policies of Public Security, contrary to what is expected, increase the likelihood of generating more risks, a fact that demonstrates both a paradox in social relations involving the theme as needs new forms and legal discussions to overcome it / Os estudos sobre a Teoria da Sociedade, desenvolvidos de forma originária por Niklas Luhmann identificam que a função do Direito na atual sociedade passa a ser de não limitar o Direito e sua ação, pelo contrário, ela busca superar a forma tradicional e delimitada do exercício da ação do direito, contribuindo, assim para abrir quanto mais espaços possíveis para a ação. Nessa dimensão, a ideia de risco, enquanto vínculo com o futuro, passa a ser uma técnica de elaboração da complexidade na Sociedade Moderna. A partir desta reflexão, a tese busca evidenciar como as Políticas de Segurança Pública, ao contrário do que se espera, aumentam as probabilidades de se gerarem mais riscos, fato que tanto demonstra um paradoxo nas relações sociais que envolvem o tema quanto necessita de novas formas e discussões jurídicas para superá-lo

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2017-04-12T12:56:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Santos Martins_.pdf: 1989907 bytes, checksum: 57bb0ff1be0aae6044a0baff7d92acbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T12:56:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia Santos Martins_.pdf: 1989907 bytes, checksum: 57bb0ff1be0aae6044a0baff7d92acbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-21 / Nenhuma / Diante do atual estado da arte das nanotecnologias, das promessas e dos riscos, o presente estudo objetiva avaliar em que medida as normas ISO podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta para encaminhar à metarregulação, a fim de suprir a atual ausência de marcos regulatórios nanoespecíficos. Para isto, pretende esclarecer o contexto das nanotecnologias, suas características riscos e aplicações. Diversas são as aplicações e as vantagens trazidas pelo desenvolvimento nanotecnológico, porém os investimentos em pesquisas de segurança ainda são proporcionalmente inferiores aos recursos destinados ao desenvolvimento e comercialização de produtos com nanotecnologias aplicadas e, seus resultados não são conclusivos. Diante destas afirmações e da interferência humana na criação de nanopartículas (engenheiradas), interessa verificar sua inserção dentro da zona de risco desenhada pela teoria do risco de Niklas Luhmann, e, analisar os modelos regulatórios de autorregulação e metarregulação. Modelos regulatórios já utilizados pelas organizações através da adoção de ferramentas reconhecidas como normas técnicas ISO, que fundamentam ações a fim de evidenciar a conduta e transparência com relação às boas práticas empresariais no desenvolvimento das atividades. Faz parte da análise proposta o diálogo entre as fontes do Direito e os atores de produção normativa à luz da teoria do pluralismo jurídico, para vislumbrar a possibilidade das referidas normas técnicas atuarem como interface regulatória e analisar nesta interface a eficácia jurídica. Por fim se buscará conhecer a ISO suas normas e seus processos de criação e revisão das normas técnicas, e igualmente estudar seus elementos estruturantes face aos princípios de Direito e direitos fundamentais, para verificar a possibilidade de reconhecer as normas técnicas de gestão da ISO como legítimo patamar mínimo regulatório. A metodologia empregada é a funcionalista, histórico e comparativo, através de técnicas de pesquisa a documentação indireta, especialmente a pesquisa bibliográfica, além da documentação direta a textos normativos e jurídicos além de textos resultantes da produção científica de diversas áreas do saber, empregando-se recursos como a análise de conteúdo. / In view of the current state of the art of nanotechnologies, promises and risks, the present study aims to assess the extent to which ISO standards can be used as a tool to address metaregulation in order to overcome the current lack of nanospecific regulatory frameworks. To this end, it intends to clarify the context of nanotechnologies, their characteristics risks and applications. There are several applications and advantages brought about by nanotechnology development, but investments in safety research are still proportionally lower than the resources destined to the development and commercialization of products with applied nanotechnologies and their results are not conclusive. In view of these statements and human interference in the creation of (engineered) nanoparticles, it is important to verify their insertion within the risk zone drawn by Niklas Luhmann's risk theory, and to analyze the regulatory models of self-regulation and metregulation. Regulatory models already used by organizations through the adoption of tools recognized as ISO technical standards, which base actions to demonstrate the conduct and transparency with respect to good business practices in the development of activities. Part of the proposed analysis is the dialogue between the sources of law and the actors of normative production in the light of the theory of legal pluralism, to envisage the possibility of these technical standards acting as a regulatory interface and analyzing in this interface the legal effectiveness. Finally, it will seek to know ISO its norms and its processes of creation and revision of technical norms, and also to study its structuring elements in face of the principles of Law and fundamental rights, to verify the possibility of recognizing the technical norms of ISO management as legitimate Minimum regulatory threshold. The methodology used is functionalist, historical and comparative, through research techniques indirect documentation, especially bibliographic research, besides direct documentation to normative and legal texts as well as texts resulting from the scientific production of several areas of knowledge, using Features such as content analysis.

Cotton makes up a majority of the world’s fiber market, with genetically engineered (GE) cotton the current staple of the US agricultural landscape. With GE cotton’s overall acceptance for US farmers and manufacturers, it is of concern that the majority of literature concerning GE crops primarily compares negative attitudes towards GE food crops in stricter economies such as the European Union. Due to the inadequate literature regarding both the market advantages and consumer perceptions of GE cotton specifically, this study was conceived to provide marketers with a baseline analysis of the factors that affect US consumers’ current attitudes (knowledge, risk perceptions, etc.) regarding GE cotton. Multiple regression analyses were used for our models which measured purchase intentions towards GE cotton and perceived risks of GE cotton based on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Paired and single t-tests were performed to predict the current positioning of GE cotton as a marketable alternative to organic and conventional cotton, and to determine which institutions consumer’s trust most for information on the risks and benefits of GE cotton. Our studies showed that while knowledge of cotton and agriculture is low, GE cotton was regarded more positively than conventional cotton with the potential to improve in consumer’s opinions. According to our findings, by efficiently communicating the benefits of GE cotton through trusted channels of communication (i.e. scientists, consumer organizations, the media), particularly addressing ethical concerns, policy regulation, and how the product is useful to the consumer individually, GE cotton could become a comparative market alternative to organic, at a greater available supply. / text

Population ageing has been posed as a problem for contemporary governing in relation to the allocation and consumption of finite health care resources, in particular acute hospital care. This thesis explores how nursing practice is a key resource in the management of this ???problem???. Employing Foucault???s concept of governmentality, nursing practice is examined as a form of social government that is central to the regulation of hospital care to older people. A governmentality approach enables consideration of the relationship between the macro political context of governing, as embodied in prevailing political rationalities, and their outworking beyond the arenas of formal government in the micro practices of nurses. Specifically, in this research, it reveals how contemporary entrepreneurial rationalities of governing work at a distance to discursively shape the local practices of nurses in the regulation of hospital care to older people. Discourse analysis of interview texts, literature and documents revealed how enterprise rationality was invested in the discourses circulating in the study site, highlighting the power relationships and subject positions available to registered nurses and outcomes produced in the regulation of hospital care to older people. The analysis details how registered nurses activated a range of technologies and practices as they engaged with enterprise discourses, constituting nursing practice as an activity aimed at making up older people as dischargeable subjects. It shows how enterprise is both a practice and way of thinking that directs us toward a particular truth of hospital, hence nursing, care of older people. The thesis illustrates how changes in the ways of governing hospitals have actively transformed the meaning and practice of nursing in the provision of hospital care to older people. It shows how the values and practices that make entrepreneurial modes of government possible penetrate each layer of an organisation and can create new mentalities or ways of thinking. This was evident in this research whereby an entrepreneurial mode of governance had re-imagined the social practice of nursing as a form of the economic, such that neither recovery, nor health, but discharge assumed pre-eminence as the focus and aim of hospital care for older people and hence the goal of nursing practice. These findings suggest that hospital care of older people has become a political and economic, rather than therapeutic concern. Furthermore, nursing interventions in the hospital care of older people have become administrative rather than therapeutic, with nursing practice focused on individual older people only insofar as they are constituted as part of a population at risk of delayed discharge. The thesis contends that nurses are implicated in the politics of health care in new and different ways amid entrepreneurial rationalities of governing that promote an ethos of risk management, individualism and responsibilisation in relation to health. It argues that the replacement of an ethos of nursing as care based on client need with an ethos of nursing as risk management substitutes the therapeutic intent and practices of nursing with the technical intent of managing risk. In so doing, the thesis illustrates dangers and possibilities arising from the re-framing of health care through entrepreneurial modes of governance. It enables a critically informed consideration of what kind of practice acute care nursing could be into the future and how nurses and others can take action to positively contribute to the futures of older people they provide care to. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2010

A presente dissertação visa a analisar a cláusula de redução equitativa da indenização, introduzida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro por meio do artigo 944, parágrafo único, do Código Civil de 2002. A aplicação da referida norma suscita intensos debates na doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras, em especial no que tange à possibilidade de aplicação aos casos de responsabilidade objetiva. Nesse sentido, poder-se-ia argumentar que a redução da indenização impactaria na finalidade da norma expressa no artigo 927, parágrafo único, do Código Civil, inclusive no que tange aos incentivos para prevenção de danos. A partir de uma análise do contexto, evolução jurídica do conceito e seus elementos e funções, é realizada uma avaliação da possibilidade de aplicação e respectivos requisitos para a utilização do instituto de forma sistêmica e em consonância com o ordenamento jurídico vigente. Considerando que a Law and Economics permite ao intérprete antever os impactos da aplicação da norma na conduta dos agentes econômicos, em especial na internalização dos custos de prevenção, que são consequência direta de uma análise de custo e beneficio entre a prevenção e o pagamento da indenização pela causação de um dano, consiste em importante ferramenta à disposição da comunidade jurídica para a análise do terna proposto. Deste modo, o terna será analisado à luz da doutrina da Law and Economics, que traz importantes contribuições para a discussão do tema, que afeta de forma direta o comportamento dos agentes de mercado que desenvolvem atividades consideradas de risco. / The present dissertations aims at analyzing the equitable reduction o f indemnification, introduced in Brazilian legal system tbrough article 944, sole paragraph, o f the Civil Code of 2002. The application o f such rule raises intense debates in the Brazilian doctrine and case law, especially with regard to the possibility of application to cases of strict liability. In this sense, it could be argued that the reduction of indemnification would affect the purpose of the rule foreseen in article 927, sole paragraph, o f the Civil Code, including with regard to incentives to the prevention of damage. From an analysis ofthe context, legal evolution ofthe concept and its elements and functions, an evaluation is conducted to assess the applicability and respective requirements for the use of the institute in a systemic way and in accordance with the current legal system. Given that Law and Economics allows the interpreter to foresee the impacts that the application of the rule will have on the conduct of economic agents, especially regarding the internalization of prevention costs, which are a direct consequence of a cost and benefit analysis between prevention and payment of compensation due to a damage caused, it is an important tool available to the legal co=unity for the analysis of the proposed theme. Therefore, the subject will be analyzed in light ofthe Law and Economics doctrine that brings important contributions to the discussion, which directly affects the behavior of market agents who carry out activities considered risky.

L'analyse des risques est devenu un enjeu majeur dans notre société. Quels que soient les champs d'application dans lesquels une situation à risque peut survenir, les mathématiques et plus particulièrement les statistiques et les probabilités se révèlent être des outils essentiels. L'objet principal de cette thèse est de développer des indicateurs de risque pertinents et d'étudier les propriétés extrémales de processus intervenant dans deux domaines d'applications : en risque alimentaire et en assurance. La théorie du risque se situe entre l'analyse des valeurs extrêmes et la théorie des variables aléatoires à variations régulières ou à queues lourdes. Dans le premier chapitre, on définit les éléments clefs de la théorie du risque ainsi que la notion de variation régulière et on introduit différents modèles liés au risque alimentaire qui seront étudiés dans les chapitres 2 et 3. Le chapitre 2 présente les travaux effectués avec Olivier Wintenberger. Pour des classes de processus stochastiques, sous des hypothèses de variations régulières, on développe une méthode qui permet d'obtenir des équivalents asymptotiques en horizon fini d'indicateurs de risque en assurance et en risque alimentaire tels que la probabilité de ruine, le "temps passé au dessus d'un seuil" ou encore la "sévérité de la ruine". Le chapitre 3 se concentre sur des modèles en risque alimentaire. Précisément, on étudie les propriétés extrémales de différentes généralisations d'un processus d'exposition à un contaminant nommé KDEM pour Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model proposé par Patrice Bertail et ses co-auteurs en 2008. Sous des hypothèses de variations régulières, on propose des équivalents asymptotiques du comportement de queue et de l'indice extrémal du processus d'exposition. Enfin, le chapitre 4 passe en revue différentes techniques statistiques particulièrement adaptées à l'étude du comportement extrémal de certains processus de Markov. Grâce à des propriétés de régénérations, il est possible de découper le chemin des observations en blocs indépendants et identiquement distribués et de n'étudier ainsi que le processus sur un bloc. Ces techniques s'appliquent même si la chaîne de Markov n'est pas atomique. On se concentre ici sur l'estimation de l'indice de queue et de l'indice extrémal. On illustre la performance de ces techniques en les appliquant sur deux modèles - en assurance et en finance - dont on connaît les résultats théoriques / Risk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAGS_DISSERT.pdf: 446797 bytes, checksum: 18c0fd9fe8336f2abf045fa977920e6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-19 / In this work, we present a risk theory application in the following scenario: In each period of time we have a change in the capital of the ensurance company and the outcome of a two-state Markov chain stabilishs if the company pays a benece it heat to one of its policyholders or it receives a Hightimes c > 0 paid by someone buying a new policy. At the end we will determine once again by the recursive equation for expectation the time ruin for this company / Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma aplica??o da teoria do risco com o seguinte cen?rio: as mudan?as no capital de uma seguradora acontecem em cada instante de tempo e o pagamento de uma indeniza??o ou recebimento de um pr?mio ? decidido pelo resultado de uma cadeia de Markov de dois estados. Nesta situa??o calculamos a probabilidade de ru?na e o tempo esperado de ru?na quando o valor da indeniza??o ? um m?tiplo do valor do pr?mio

A presente dissertação visa a analisar a cláusula de redução equitativa da indenização, introduzida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro por meio do artigo 944, parágrafo único, do Código Civil de 2002. A aplicação da referida norma suscita intensos debates na doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras, em especial no que tange à possibilidade de aplicação aos casos de responsabilidade objetiva. Nesse sentido, poder-se-ia argumentar que a redução da indenização impactaria na finalidade da norma expressa no artigo 927, parágrafo único, do Código Civil, inclusive no que tange aos incentivos para prevenção de danos. A partir de uma análise do contexto, evolução jurídica do conceito e seus elementos e funções, é realizada uma avaliação da possibilidade de aplicação e respectivos requisitos para a utilização do instituto de forma sistêmica e em consonância com o ordenamento jurídico vigente. Considerando que a Law and Economics permite ao intérprete antever os impactos da aplicação da norma na conduta dos agentes econômicos, em especial na internalização dos custos de prevenção, que são consequência direta de uma análise de custo e beneficio entre a prevenção e o pagamento da indenização pela causação de um dano, consiste em importante ferramenta à disposição da comunidade jurídica para a análise do terna proposto. Deste modo, o terna será analisado à luz da doutrina da Law and Economics, que traz importantes contribuições para a discussão do tema, que afeta de forma direta o comportamento dos agentes de mercado que desenvolvem atividades consideradas de risco. / The present dissertations aims at analyzing the equitable reduction o f indemnification, introduced in Brazilian legal system tbrough article 944, sole paragraph, o f the Civil Code of 2002. The application o f such rule raises intense debates in the Brazilian doctrine and case law, especially with regard to the possibility of application to cases of strict liability. In this sense, it could be argued that the reduction of indemnification would affect the purpose of the rule foreseen in article 927, sole paragraph, o f the Civil Code, including with regard to incentives to the prevention of damage. From an analysis ofthe context, legal evolution ofthe concept and its elements and functions, an evaluation is conducted to assess the applicability and respective requirements for the use of the institute in a systemic way and in accordance with the current legal system. Given that Law and Economics allows the interpreter to foresee the impacts that the application of the rule will have on the conduct of economic agents, especially regarding the internalization of prevention costs, which are a direct consequence of a cost and benefit analysis between prevention and payment of compensation due to a damage caused, it is an important tool available to the legal co=unity for the analysis of the proposed theme. Therefore, the subject will be analyzed in light ofthe Law and Economics doctrine that brings important contributions to the discussion, which directly affects the behavior of market agents who carry out activities considered risky.