abstract: Oxidative aging is an important factor in the long term performance of asphalt pavements. Oxidation and the associated stiffening can lead to cracking, which in turn can lead to the functional and structural failure of the pavement system. Therefore, a greater understanding of the nature of oxidative aging in asphalt pavements can potentially be of great importance in estimating the performance of a pavement before it is constructed. Of particular interest are the effects of aging on asphalt rubber pavements, due to the fact that, as a newer technology, few asphalt rubber pavement sections have been evaluated for their full service life. This study endeavors to shed some light on this topic. This study includes three experimental programs on the aging of asphalt rubber binders and mixtures. The first phase addresses aging in asphalt rubber binders and their virgin bases. The binders were subjected to various aging conditions and then tested for viscosity. The change in viscosity was analyzed and it was found that asphalt rubber binders exhibited less long term aging. The second phase looks at aging in a laboratory environment, including both a comparison of accelerated oxidative aging techniques and aging effects that occur during long term storage. Dynamic modulus was used as a tool to assess the aging of the tested materials. It was found that aging materials in a compacted state is ideal, while aging in a loose state is unrealistic. Results not only showed a clear distinction in aged versus unaged material but also showed that the effects of aging on AR mixes is highly dependant on temperature; lower temperatures induce relatively minor stiffening while higher temperatures promote much more significant aging effects. The third experimental program is a field study that builds upon a previous study of pavement test sections. Field pavement samples were taken and tested after being in service for 7 years and tested for dynamic modulus and beam fatigue. As with the laboratory aging, the dynamic modulus samples show less stiffening at low temperatures and more at higher temperatures. Beam fatigue testing showed not only stiffening but also a brittle behavior. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2010

The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of 3-D inkjet printing of elastomers in latex form to create a novel material that would offer shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI). To achieve this aim it was necessary to characterise and select suitable materials, carry out ink jetting trials, modify the materials accordingly to improve the printability and assess post jetting conditions including drying and curing behaviour. Particle size, surface tension, and viscosity measurements were made for a series of elastomer latex materials and carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) latex was identified as the most suitable. Latex ink optimisation included dilution with water and the addition of a humectant, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether (TGME), which delayed drying and reduced nozzle blocking. The surface energy was measured for arrange of potential substrates and PET was identified as the most suitable, due to its relatively high surface energy which allowed for an ideal level of wetting and spreading. Analysis of the cross-sectional profiles of the printed samples by white light interferometry showed that drying during printing was an important issue for the latex ink. Ink jetting of a composite material with control of filler distribution was shown to be feasible when ten layers of conductive carbon black ink were deposited alternately between ten layers of XSBR ink. Printing was successfully carried out with a latex combined with a resorcinol resin which was subsequently cured, indicating that it should be possible to 3D print a thermoset elastomer in this way. Conductive carbon black was printed in various patterns onto PET sheet and the dielectric properties measured. Results indicated that at very low carbon contents, the printed patterns could provide EMI shielding. The research has shown that it is feasible to create a cured 3D elastomeric object containing filler with a controlled distribution that is capable of providing EMI shielding.

Orientador: Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Graeff / Banca: Luis Augusto Sousa Marques da Rocha / Banca: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Banca: Mariselma Ferreira / Banca: Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano / Resumo: O latéx ou Borracha natural (BN) oriundo da seringueira possui diversas características que o tornam uma excelente biomaterial que favorece o crescimento e reparação de tecidos, pele e ossos. Porém, a maioria das pesquisas encontradas na literatura com membranas da BN utiliza mistura de diferentes clones ou conservantes químicos, a fim de evitar a coagulação da BN na coleta. Neste trabalho, comparou-se a BN proveniente de cinco clonos de seringueira, buscando identificar diferenças na biocompatibilidade e bioatividade, comparando métodos de coleta convencionais e sem utilização de conservantes, visando encontrar a BN ideal para produção de biomateriais. Após a coleta da BN, as membranas foram preparadas de forma asséptica e esterelizadas. Nos testes de biocompatibilidade in vitro, as membranas permaneceram em contato direto com as culturas por três períodos. E nos testes in vitro, as membranas foram implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de coelhos adultos machos. Os testes de bioatividade foram realizados por meio de implantes das membranas de BN com melhor desempenho nos testes de bioatividade, associado ao selante de fibrina em defeitos críticos no crânio de coelhos adultos. Os resultados apontam a biocompatibilidade das membranas de BN obtidos de todos os clones. Alguns induziram maior proliferação celular, sugerindo maior bioatividade. O método de coleta influenciou na resposta do biomaterial. Amostras conservdas com hidróxido de amônio apresentaram efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos em culturas e necrose, aumento de células inflamatórias nos tecidos implantados. As membranas testadas são bioativas e favoreceram a regeneração tecidual, apresentando um resultado superior ao PTFE. Os dois clones testados não apresentam diferenças na bioatividade. Concluímos que todos os clones são biocompatíveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The latex derived from rubber trees has several features that make it an excellent biomaterial to promote the growth and repair of tissues, skin and bones. Most research with latex membranes uses a mixture of different clones or chemical preservations in the collection process. In this study, we compared five clones of latex rubber, seeking to identify their diferences in bioactivity and biocompatibility in order to find a latex that is ideal for the production of biomaterials, as well to compare smapling methods with and without the use of preservatives. After collection, the latex membranes were prepaerd aseptically and sterilized. In the in vitro tests, the membranes remained in direct contact with crops for three periods. In the in vivo tests, the membranes were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. The results indicated the biocompatibility of the membranes obatined from all clones. Some induced greater cell proliferation, suggesting greater bioactivity. Regarding the collection method, we found that the biomaterial samples preserved with ammonia showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in cultures, necrosis, and increased inflammatory cells inflammatory cells in tissues implanted. The membranes are bioactive and promote the tissue regeneration, an outcome superior to PTFE. The two clones tested did not show differences in bioactivity. We conclude that all clones are biocompatible and non-genotoxic. The two clones selected for bioactivity test not show significant in the bioactivity. The collection of BN without the use of preservatives is the most suitable for the production of biomaterials... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Recently high temperature vulcanized (HTV) silicone rubber (SIR) / polymeric/composite insulators are gaining wider acceptance as overhead transmission line insulators for extra high voltage (EHV) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) systems due to some promising features like hydrophobicity recovery, light weight, ease of handling and installation, better pollution ashover performance, admirable resistance against vandalism etc. Since polymeric insula-tors are of recent origin, their long-term eld performance is yet to be understood. Owing to their organic nature, and exposure to environmental stresses like pollution, temperature, UV radiation, humidity, fog, rain etc., the insulator performance degrades over a period. The sheds/petticoats of the insulators become wettable leading to frequent ashover in humid and contaminated environment. Hence, long term reliability of the composite insulators is of foremost concern to the power utilities. The available literature on the long term eld performance of these insulators for di erent climatic conditions and under multiple environ-mental stresses for both the HTV SIR and Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) is scant. Also there is no reference standard for evaluation of these insulators for pollution/contamination test methods in the laboratory. However currently, CIGRE Work Group is working towards the standardization of the test methods for arti cial pollution tests for polymeric insulators. The thesis addresses some of the issues in detail. In the first part of the thesis, a new and simple pre-treatment methodology to achieve uniform contamination layer on inherently hydrophobic HTV SIR Insulator samples is presented for laboratory pollution performance evaluation. The surface water level di usion in the dipping period is found to make the insulator surface temporarily hydrophilic. Then the uniform contamination layer is applied by dipping the sample immediately in the pollution slurry. Exhaustive experiments were conducted on full scale SIR insulators as well as SIR slabs to investigate the hydrophilicity appearance on the SIR surface. A specially fabricated arrangement for assessment of Wettability Class (WC) is made as per IEC stds. The results of WC measurement and wet ashover studies support the temporary reduction in hydrophobicity of SIR due to dipping phase in the proposed pre-treatment methodology. The next part of the thesis presents the results for the effeect of long term thermal aging experimentation conducted on HTV SIR with difffeerent degrees of pollution (medium, heavy), the effeect of arid desert climate on polymeric insulators is studied. The experimental set-up consists of controlled HVAC source, temperature controlled furnace with a provision for high voltage (HV) and Leakage Current (LC) monitoring, a Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), compact DAQ-9201 of National Instruments operated in LabVIEW platform etc. Two types of HTV SIR Insulators are considered for the study. Flat slabs as well as full-scale insulator samples of creepage length 725 mm are stressed simultaneously to simulate the in-service condition. The experimentation is conducted for about 575 hours with application of 21.0 kVrms at 60oC. The results of the hydrophobicity recovery for thermally aged contaminated polymeric insulators are reported. Besides, monitoring electrical and mechanical proper-ties, changes in material properties of SIR are also analyzed using Physiochemical analysis techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Some of the key findings of the study are increased surface oxidation, surface roughness and mechanical stress due to thermal aging of polymeric insulators. Experimental investigations show that the characteristics of power frequency component of leakage current can be linked with thermal aging of SIR. Further, a unique climatic aging experimental facility is established to evaluate the long-term reliability of SIR under environmental stresses like UV, Humidity, temperature and applied electric stress. The investigations are conducted on two different types of HTV SIR and LSR at samples as well as full-scale insulator samples. The experimentation is conducted for 500 hours with 10.0 kVrms at 50oC, with 85% humidity and 1 W/m2 UV ir-radiation which is in accordance with the aging cycle specified in IEC standard. The results of the comparative studies conducted for the electrical, mechanical and material properties indicate leakage current pulses, brittleness, Salt deposition for multistress aged samples. In summary, an attempt has been made to contribute a pollution methodology with sim-ple pre-treatment technique for inherently hydrophobic HTV SIR surface to achieve better uniformity of contamination layer. Also, electro-thermal and multiple stresses investigations were conducted for long term performance on polymeric insulators.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:54:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oliveira_rm_me_prud.pdf: 993232 bytes, checksum: d16528901d1e77170b947c3d5beb5210 (MD5) / O trabalho teve como tema central de análise a dinâmica da cultura de seringueira na Microrregião Geográfica de São José do Rio Preto. Para a consecução do objetivo, fez-se necessário a realização de um resgate histórico que nos ajudou a apreender as relações sociais travadas no âmbito do setor de borracha, as quais foram marcadas até meados da década de 1980 pelos interesses conflitantes entre a elite extrativista amazônica composta por seringalistas e aviadores, de um lado e, a elite industrial do setor pneumático, do outro. Com o aumento do preço da borracha natural a partir de 1973, puxada pelos alta nos preços da borracha sintética devido a crise do setor petrolífero, ocorreu uma maior expansão das plantações de seringueira na região sudeste do país, principalmente no Estado de São Paulo. Assim foi que já no inicio da década de 1990 a produção amazônica representava menos de 50% da produção nacional, perdendo sua posição protagonista como produtora de borracha natural para o Estado de São Paulo. Essa processo redundou no deslocamento do eixo do conflito da região amazônica-sudeste para o interior da região sudeste do país onde os produtores e processadores de borracha natural haviam personificado os interesse da elite extrativista. Com o aprofundamento do processo de industrialização do país a partir da década de 1950, o setor de pneumático foi ganhando envergadura e a partir de então passou a pressionar com mais vigor o Estado que concedeu a permissão para a importação de borracha natural em 1997 com a revogação da Lei de Contingenciamento ao mesmo tempo que promulgou a Lei do Subsídio, a qual apenas em partes compensou a abertura econômica do setor. Constatou-se na referida região a cultura da seringueira sempre se apresentou vantajosa ao produtor... / The work had as central subject of analysis the dynamics of the culture of rubber tree in the Geographic Microregion of is São José do Rio Preto. For the achievement of the objective, the accomplishment of a historical rescue became necessary that in helped them to apprehend the stopped social relations in the scope of the rubber sector, which had been marked until middle of the decade of 1980 for the conflicting interests between the extrativista elite Amazonian composed for seringalistas and aviators, of a side and, the industrial elite of the pneumatic sector, of the other. With the increase of the price of the natural rubber from 1973, pulled for the high one in the prices of the synthetic rubber which had the crisis of the petroliferous sector, a bigger expansion of the plantations of rubber tree in the Southeastern region of the country occurred, mainly in the State of São Paulo. Thus it was that no longer beginning of the decade of 1990 the Amazonian production represented less than 50% of the national production, losing its position natural rubber protagonist as producing for the State of São Paulo. This process resulted in the displacement of the axle of the conflict of the region Amazonian-Southeast for the interior of the Southeastern region of the country where the natural rubber producers and processors had impersonatied the interest of the extrativista elite. With the deepening of the process of industrialization of the country from the decade of 1950, the tire sector was gaining spread and from now on it started to pressure with more vigor the State that granted the permission for the natural rubber importation in 1997 with the revocation of the Law of Contingenciamento at the same time that it promulgated the Law of the Subsidy... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 floriano_jf_dr_bauru.pdf: 1791628 bytes, checksum: 10858f1e0e11bad3d21b67fdd7617d79 (MD5) / O latéx ou Borracha natural (BN) oriundo da seringueira possui diversas características que o tornam uma excelente biomaterial que favorece o crescimento e reparação de tecidos, pele e ossos. Porém, a maioria das pesquisas encontradas na literatura com membranas da BN utiliza mistura de diferentes clones ou conservantes químicos, a fim de evitar a coagulação da BN na coleta. Neste trabalho, comparou-se a BN proveniente de cinco clonos de seringueira, buscando identificar diferenças na biocompatibilidade e bioatividade, comparando métodos de coleta convencionais e sem utilização de conservantes, visando encontrar a BN ideal para produção de biomateriais. Após a coleta da BN, as membranas foram preparadas de forma asséptica e esterelizadas. Nos testes de biocompatibilidade in vitro, as membranas permaneceram em contato direto com as culturas por três períodos. E nos testes in vitro, as membranas foram implantadas no tecido subcutâneo de coelhos adultos machos. Os testes de bioatividade foram realizados por meio de implantes das membranas de BN com melhor desempenho nos testes de bioatividade, associado ao selante de fibrina em defeitos críticos no crânio de coelhos adultos. Os resultados apontam a biocompatibilidade das membranas de BN obtidos de todos os clones. Alguns induziram maior proliferação celular, sugerindo maior bioatividade. O método de coleta influenciou na resposta do biomaterial. Amostras conservdas com hidróxido de amônio apresentaram efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos em culturas e necrose, aumento de células inflamatórias nos tecidos implantados. As membranas testadas são bioativas e favoreceram a regeneração tecidual, apresentando um resultado superior ao PTFE. Os dois clones testados não apresentam diferenças na bioatividade. Concluímos que todos os clones são biocompatíveis... / The latex derived from rubber trees has several features that make it an excellent biomaterial to promote the growth and repair of tissues, skin and bones. Most research with latex membranes uses a mixture of different clones or chemical preservations in the collection process. In this study, we compared five clones of latex rubber, seeking to identify their diferences in bioactivity and biocompatibility in order to find a latex that is ideal for the production of biomaterials, as well to compare smapling methods with and without the use of preservatives. After collection, the latex membranes were prepaerd aseptically and sterilized. In the in vitro tests, the membranes remained in direct contact with crops for three periods. In the in vivo tests, the membranes were implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. The results indicated the biocompatibility of the membranes obatined from all clones. Some induced greater cell proliferation, suggesting greater bioactivity. Regarding the collection method, we found that the biomaterial samples preserved with ammonia showed cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in cultures, necrosis, and increased inflammatory cells inflammatory cells in tissues implanted. The membranes are bioactive and promote the tissue regeneration, an outcome superior to PTFE. The two clones tested did not show differences in bioactivity. We conclude that all clones are biocompatible and non-genotoxic. The two clones selected for bioactivity test not show significant in the bioactivity. The collection of BN without the use of preservatives is the most suitable for the production of biomaterials... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-07Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:01:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000766190.pdf: 2070584 bytes, checksum: 9a03514bca85630b682825636e50389c (MD5) / A seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell-Arg] é a maior fonte de borracha natural, amplamente cultivada, e de grande importância comercial devido a sua alta capacidade produtiva. Atualmente ela vem sendo atacada por várias doenças que causam enormes prejuízos econômicos. Dentre essas a antracnose, causada pelos fungos Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Colletotrichum acutatum, está presente em todos os lugares heveícolas do mundo. Estes fungos causam vários danos na planta como lesões nos folíolos, nos ponteiros, nos ramos, nos frutos e cancros no painel de sangria. Diante desta situação e da alta incidência destes patógenos na cultura da seringueira, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar a variabilidade genética dos isolados de C. gloeosporioides e C. acutatum associados à seringueira. Ferramentas filogenéticas e populacionais foram utilizados para determinar a distribuição e a frequência de cada um dos possíveis haplótipos. As 79 amostras coletadas em campo foram amplificadas por PCR com primers específicos das regiões espaçadores ITS e dos genes 18S, 28S e 5,8S. Posteriormente as regiões amplificadas foram sequenciadas pelo método Sanger. Para complementar as análises foram adicionadas sequências disponíveis no NCBI, totalizando uma matriz de dados de 263 amostras. As árvores geradas, a partir de análises filogenéticas Bayesiana, Máxima Verossimilhança e Neighbour-Joining, mostraram a divisão dos grupos de C. gloeosporioides e C. acutatum, possibilitando a separação da matriz em duas espécies específicas. As análises ... / The rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Wild. ex Adr. Than Juss. ) Muell - Arg] is the largest source of natural rubber, widely cultivated, and of great commercial importance due to its high production capacity. Currently the rubber trees are being attacked for various diseases, causing huge economic losses. Among them, the anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, is in all rubber crops places of the world. These fungi causes various damage, such as injuries on leaves, branches, fruits, as well as cankers in the taping panel. Given this situation, and the high incidence of this pathogen in the rubber crop, this study aimed to identify the genetic variability of the isolates of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum associated to rubber crop. Phylogenetic and population tools were performed to determine the distribution and frequency of each possible haplotypes. The 79 samples collected in the field were amplified by PCR by specific primers of the ITS spacers regions and the 18S, 28S and 5.8 S genes. Subsequently, the amplified regions were sequenced by the Sanger method. Several sequences available in NCBI were added, to complement the analysis, totaling a data matrix of 263 samples. Phylogenetic analyses generated by Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Neighbour -Joining methods, showed the division of the C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides groups, enabling the separation of the matrix in two specific species. The population analysis showed some very common haplotypes distributed around the world, as well as another haplotypes with very restricted distribution, such as H1 haplotype of ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-17Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:58:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000795072.pdf: 2426989 bytes, checksum: 0cf45feb21c7145defac956bd5ef658d (MD5) / A seringueira é propagada vegetativamente pelo método da enxertia e suas sementes usadas para a obtenção dos porta-enxertos. Problemas ambientais relacionados ao desenvolvimento das plantas pelo sistema convencional e o estabelecimento de normas (Resolução SAA – 154/2013 do Estado de São Paulo) para a formação de mudas têm motivado estudos de novos processos para formação de porta-enxertos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção suspensa de porta-enxertos de seringueira em ambiente protegido e a céu aberto. Foi realizado um experimento de semeadura e um de desenvolvimento de portaenxertos no município de Tanabi – SP. Comparou-se a germinação e o vigor de sementes de seringueira entre diferentes sistemas de semeadura: convencional em canteiros de germinação e direta em substrato sobre bancada protegida e a céu aberto. Foram avaliados o índice de velocidade de emergência e a porcentagem de germinação das sementes em cada sistema de semeadura. Os resultados obtidos nas condições experimentais permitiram concluir que o sistema de semeadura direta em substrato em ambiente protegido é o mais indicado por proporcionar melhor germinação das sementes e adequação à legislação, e que é fundamental a utilização de sementes com alto vigor. O experimento de desenvolvimento de portaenxertos avaliou o sistema de produção de mudas convencional nas condições de campo em comparação com o sistema suspenso em bancada, em ambiente protegido e a céu aberto. Foram avaliados o diâmetro a cinco cm do colo, a altura, a área foliar, o volume de raiz e a matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular das plantas. Concluiu-se que, na região do planalto ocidental paulista, a produção de porta-enxertos de seringueira deve ser conduzida em sistema de bancada protegida e com uso de substrato orgânico / Rubber trees are propagated by grafting method and its seeds used for obtaining the rootstocks. Environmental problems related to rootstocks development by the conventional system and the establishment of rules (Resolução SAA - 154/2013 of the São Paulo State) for production in suspended nurseries have motivated researches of new processes for rubber rootstocks production. The objective of this study was to evaluate rubber rootstocks production in suspended containers in a greenhouse and open skies. An experiment of seeding and another of development of rootstocks were conducted in Tanabi – SP/Brazil. The experiment of seeding compared the germination and vigor of rubber seeds among different seeding systems: conventional in soil beds, direct seeding on substrate in suspended containers in a greenhouse and at open skies. Emergence speed index and percentage of germination of seeds were evaluated in each seeding system. The results showed that the direct seeding system in the greenhouse is the most suitable for providing better seeds germination and adaptation to legislation, and that it is essential to use high vigor seeds. The experiment of development of rubber rootstocks evaluated the conventional production system under field conditions compared to greenhouse and open skies suspended containers systems. Diameter at five cm from colon, height, leaf area, root volume and dry weight of shoot and root system of the rootstocks were evaluated. It was concluded that, in the São Paulo Western Plateau region, the production of rubber rootstocks should be conducted in the greenhouse suspended containers system using an organic substrate

Neste trabalho procura-se desenvolver reflexões acerca das mudanças nos modos de vida que os seringueiros de Xapuri/AC vêm experimentando desde o assassinato de Chico Mendes, em 1988. Neste sentido, as atenções e energias do estudo foram concentradas na tentativa de perceber, principalmente a partir de relatos coletados com moradores do Projeto de Assentamento Agroextrativista Cachoeira e Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes, os novos temores, as novas experiências e os novos desafios, entre outras histórias experimentadas pelos seringueiros residentes nos locais pesquisados. Para isso, procurou-se estabelecer um diálogo com as experiências desses sujeitos sociais, objetivando traduzir, por meio de relatos colhidos, in loco, as vozes, os rostos e as vivências humanas na cena do estudo. A História Oral foi a estratégia metodológica principal utilizada para a obtenção das fontes. Entretanto, também fontes escritas foram utilizadas. A análise e o diálogo com as fontes apontam que as principais modificações no viver dos sujeitos pesquisados aconteceram, principalmente, após a chegada ao poder estadual de um grupo político denominado Frente Popular do Acre. Esse Governo, que se autodenominou Governo da Floresta, realizou investimentos patrocinados por organizações internacionais que trouxeram mudanças significativas no modus vivendi das pessoas do interior das matas xapurienses. Essas mudanças melhoraram a vida dos sujeitos, mas também trouxeram problemas, riscos e prejuízos. A possibilidade do desaparecimento dos seringueiros, deixando o território limpo para outras explorações, constituiu-se em uma das importantes questões que a pesquisa evidenciou e suscita no meio social da floresta xapuriense / This work seeks to develop reflections on the changes in the lifestyles the rubber tappers from Xapuri/AC have been experiencing since the murder of Chico Mendes, in 1988. In this sense, the attention and the energy of the study were concentrated on trying to perceive, mainly from the reports of the dwellers of the Cachoeira Extractive Settlement Project and the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, the new fears, the new experiences and the new challenges, among other stories the rubber tappers residing in the surveyed areas have gone through. For this purpose, a dialogue was established with the experiences of those social subjects, aiming to translate, through the reports collected, in loco, the voices, the faces and the living experiences in the scene of the study. The Oral History was the main methodological estrategy used to obtain the sources. However, written sources were also used. The analysis and the dialogue with the sources indicate that the major changes in the living of the studied subjects happened, primarily, after a political group called Popular Front of Acre came to power state. That Governance, which called itself Government of the Forest, sponsored investments held by international organizations which brought significant changes to the modus vivendi of the people from the interior of Xapuris forest. Those changes have improved the life of the subjects, but they also brought problems, risks and damages. The possibility of disappearance of the rubber tappers, leaving the territory clean for other holdings, constituted itself into one of the important questions that the survey evidenced and raises in the social environment of Xapuris forest

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05176.pdf: 1757273 bytes, checksum: c0ea92b1d81acc457b884deea188024c (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP