Thesis (doctoral)--Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg (Breisgau), 2001/2002.

Homoseksualumas – lytinė orientacija, kuri paprastai suprantama kaip priešinga heteroseksualumui, nes pasižymi lytiniu potraukiu tos pačios lyties atstovams, ir todėl visuomenėje dažnai pripažįstama nukrypimu nuo normos, o tai suponuoja šių asmenų diskriminaciją. Darbe analizuojamos Europos Žmogaus Teisių Teismo praktikos tendencijos, susijusios su baudžiamosios atsakomybės už homoseksualius santykius panaikinimu, ginant šių asmenų teisę į privatumą. Atskleidžiama, kad Teismas pasisako prieš bet kokį baudžiamąjį persekiojimą, grindžiamą lytine orientacija, siekdamas, kad Europos Tarybos valstybėse būtų pripažįstamos ir saugomos homoseksualių asmenų teisės. Šiandien vis garsiau kalbama apie homoseksualių asmenų teisę į santuoką. Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojama EŽTT praktika, siekiant nustatyti, ar kartu gyvenančių homoseksualių asmenų santykiai patenka į šeimos gyvenimo apimtį. Be to, ar pagal Europos žmogaus teisių konvenciją valstybės turi pozityvią pareigą teisę į santuoką užtikrinti ne tik skirtingų lyčių poroms, t.y. neatsižvelgiant į lytinę orientaciją. Egzistuojantis registruotos partnerystės institutas yra alternatyvi forma įteisinti homoseksualius santykius, tad siekiama nustatyti, ar EŽTT įpareigoja valstybes suteikti minėtą galimybę tos pačios lyties poroms savo nacionalinėje teisėje. Homoseksualių asmenų teisė įsivaikinti yra viena iš kontraversiškiausių teisių, nes siejasi su vaiko teisėmis, jo geriausiais interesais. Tad magistro baigiamajame darbe yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Homosexuality – sexual orientation which is the opposite of heterosexuality because it is characterized as sexual desire for persons of the same sex. That is why a society often acknowledges it like a deviation from norms and this may sometimes result as an act of discrimination. The Master’s thesis analyses the tendency of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights which is related to abolishing the criminalisation of private homosexual relations. It is important because of defending the right to privacy of homosexuals. The Court speaks against criminal prosecution on the ground of sexual orientation and finds that Member States of the Council of Europe should recognize and protect the rights of homosexual persons. Today the discussions about the right to the same-sex marriage are becoming louder and louder. The thesis attempts to ascertain whether the cohabitation of homosexuals falls in the ambit of a family life according to the European Court of Human Rights as well as whether the Member States of the European Convention on Human Rights have a positive obligation to ensure the right to marry for the same-sex couples. Furthermore, the institute of a registered partnership is an alternative form for legalizing homosexual relationships. Thus, it is necessary to identify whether the Court puts an obligation to the Member States to make that opportunity for the same-sex couples in the national legal systems. The right of adoption of homosexuals is a highly... [to full text]

With the aim of increasing practitioner competence, this dissertation provides marriage and family therapists and mental health service providers with insight into the experiences of legally married same-sex couples. Specifically, the inquiry's objective was to elicit narratives of strength and agency from these couples who navigated the oppressive circumstances of an anti-gay amendment campaign situated within the debate over the extension of marriage rights to same-sex couples. Fourteen couples were interviewed in order to respond to the dissertation's overriding question: How do the lesbian and gay couples and families who are among those who were legally married in California before the passage of Proposition 8 narrate their experiences of their marriages? Through portraiture (Lawrence-Lightfoot & Davis, 1997), a method of inquiry situated within a postmodern, social constructionist framework, a narrative was produced which evolved through five emergent themes: 1) Our Commitments Have Rich Histories -- the symbolic and legal ways in which these couples commemorated and brought definition to their commitments, in the absence of a nationally-sanctioned and collectively-recognized state of legal marriage; 2) Not a Simple Matter: The Complexities of Language Choice -- their contextual language choices, which reflected the absence of representative and collectively-recognized language options for their relationships after their legal marriages; 3) The Battle Metaphor -- the couples' experiences of California's political debate over the extension of marriage rights to same-sex couples; 4) Support Shaped Lived Experiences -- the impact of support from friends, family, and community; and lastly, 5) Legal Marriage Shaped Individual, Relational, and Social Identities -- individual, relational and social shifts that occurred for the couples through the experience of being legally married. A follow-up focus group further validated the theme Support Shaped Lived Experiences, and examined more deeply the tensions that occurred when important persons were silent about and/or did not recognize the legitimacy of the couples' legal marriages, and/or the discriminatory context in which their legal marriages were situated. In addition to its contribution of the experiences of legally married same-sex couples to the family therapy literature, the dissertation concludes with important implications for affirmative therapeutic practice, research, education, training, advocacy, and social policy.

This article studies the parliamentary debate over the approval of a legislative change on the Spanish Civil Code, which gave permission to Same-Sex marriages since 2005. The author tries to approach to Congress debates as complex processes, in which different levels of rationality (as of irrationality) are intersperse in the argumentations of senators and deputies.In order to clarify this confounding scenario, the tools of ‘legisprudential studies’ or legislative rationality are of utmost importance, because they allow us to group the reasons in typologies, and to analyze possible counter-arguments or voids relating to supporting evidence. That is why the approach of this work, in relation to the substance of the matter, is neutral and rather points to demonstrate the immense methodological potential of legislative rationality models, and how these could contribute to illuminate the ongoing discussion on our country. / El presente artículo realiza un estudio sobre el debate parlamentario en torno a la aprobación de una modificación al Código Civil español, que permitió el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo desde el 2005. En ese sentido, el autor busca aproximarse a los debates parlamentarios como procesos complejos, en donde los distintos niveles de racionalidad (e irracionalidad) están entremezclados en las argumentaciones de senadores y diputados.Para aclarar el confuso panorama, las herramientas de los “estudios legisprudenciales” o de racionalidad legislativa resultan fundamentales, pues permiten agrupar a los argumentos en tipologías, y pasar a analizar posibles contraargumentos o vacíos en cuanto a evidencia de respaldo. Es por ello que la perspectiva del presente trabajo es neutral en cuanto al fondo del asunto, y apunta más bien a mostrar el gran potencial metodológico de modelos de racionalidad legislativa, y cómo estos contribuirían a aclarar el debate en curso en nuestro país.

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2017-09-29T14:04:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcemar_Araújo2017.pdf: 859525 bytes, checksum: 4d1b71f3e10b20ae661e8f8f1b982fd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T14:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alcemar_Araújo2017.pdf: 859525 bytes, checksum: 4d1b71f3e10b20ae661e8f8f1b982fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / The present work has the objective of analyzing the functioning of the journalistic discourse and its processes of production of meanings about 'marriage between people of the same sex' (hereinafter CPMS), in Portugal and Brazil, based on news published in Jornal Diário de News - one of the morning newspapers and one of the main references in Portugal in relation to the circulation, which comprise the periods of June 2010 (when Law No. 9/2010 was approved, which came into effect on June 5, which Allows the CMPS) and June 2011 and, in Brazil, in the G1 News Portal, which, according to the Alexa Internet ranking, is one of the most accessed Brazilian news portals in the country, maintained by Globo.com and under guidance Of Central Globo de Jornalismo, which cover the months of May 2013 (month in which Resolution 175, authorizing the CPMS in Brazil was approved) and May 2014. The temporal cut that we established for the management of the corpus is cohesive with The theoretical proposal that will help us in the analysis of the subjects, since we will observe how the CPMS and, consequently, the homosexuality circulates in these means of communication. The research is based on the French concept of Discourse Analysis, in which we seek to understand how ideology is inscribed in the language and how the subject and the sense are interpellated by the ideology. Based on the thinking of authors such as Pêcheux (1988, 1990), Orlandi (1987, 1999, 2005), Brandão (2008, 2012), Mariani (1998, 1999, 2007), among others, we will observe the aspects related to the processes of sense production And the interpellation of the subject, so that we can discuss the discursive processes that permeate the construction and circulation of journalistic discourse. We intend, above all, to understand how the imaginary formations about sexual diversity become naturalized in the pages of these newspapers, formulating a memory of the future about the CPMS and the homosexual subjects. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o funcionamento do discurso jornalístico e seus processos de produção de sentidos sobre o ‘casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo’ (doravante, CPMS), em Portugal e no Brasil, a partir de notícias veiculadas no Jornal Diário de Notícias - um dos jornais matutinos e uma das principais referências em Portugal em relação à tiragem, que compreendem os períodos de junho de 2010 (data em que foi aprovada a Lei nº 9/2010, que entrou em vigor no dia 5 de junho, que permite o CMPS) e junho de 2011 e, no Brasil, no Portal de Notícias G1, que, de acordo com o ranking do Alexa Internet, é um dos portais de notícias brasileiros mais acessados do país, mantido pela Globo.com e sob orientação da Central Globo de Jornalismo, que abrangem os meses de maio de 2013 (mês em que foi aprovada a Resolução nº 175, que autoriza o CPMS no Brasil) e maio de 2014. O recorte temporal que estabelecemos para a gestão do corpus é coeso com a proposta teórica que nos auxiliará na análise das matérias, uma vez que observaremos de que forma o CPMS e, consequentemente, a homossexualidade circula nestes meios de comunicação. A pesquisa está fundamenta a partir da concepção francesa de Análise do Discurso, na qual buscamos compreender como a ideologia se inscreve na língua e como o sujeito e o sentido são interpelados pela ideologia. Baseado no pensamento de autores, como Pêcheux (1988, 1990), Orlandi (1987, 1999, 2005), Brandão (2008, 2012), Mariani (1998, 1999, 2007), entre outros, observaremos os aspectos relacionados aos processos de produção de sentidos e a interpelação do sujeito, para podermos discutir os processos discursivos que permeiam a construção e a circulação do discurso jornalístico. Nos propomos, sobretudo, a compreender como as formações imaginárias acerca da diversidade sexual se naturalizam nas páginas desses jornais formulando uma memória do futuro sobre o CPMS e os sujeitos homossexuais.

No description available.

Scholarly research on the subject of the swift pace of change in support for same-sex marriage has evolved significantly over the last ten years. The shift has gone beyond the scholarship's initial description amongst demographic groups on how opinion has changed on gay rights issues, like same-sex marriage, to an examination of why the change has occurred. A great deal of the initial research on the topic seemed to focus on demographic traits that suggested a greater propensity toward support for same-sex marriage as time went on. Is the existent literature sufficient to explain why such a dramatic change in public opinion has occurred in the United States? My goal in this paper is to explore the plausibility that electoral events and the public dialogue/debate that surround them have accelerated the impact described in the four predominant theories, cohort succession, contact theory, intracohort theory, and media exposure. This paper includes three separate hypotheses to explore the possible connections between efforts to restrict gay rights at the ballot box and the ever-increasing support for same-sex marriage in public opinion polls. The results provide some preliminary indication that there are plausible connections between individual statewide efforts to restrict gay rights and increases in national public opinion support for same-sex marriage. The first analysis examines electoral events concerning gay rights in states where these issues have faced voters most frequently; California, Maine, and Oregon. The first hypotheses posits a potential connection between exposure to gay rights at the ballot box and greater support for gay rights in subsequent elections concerning gay rights in the same state. No clear or consistent pattern of support emerges for successive electoral measures concerning gay rights where voters have been previously exposed to gay rights question in an electoral context. The second analysis explores national public opinion support for same-sex marriage as statewide ballot measures increase in popularity across the United States. The second hypotheses posits a connection between an increase in statewide electoral events concerning questions of same-sex marriage and an increase in national public opinion support for same-sex marriage with state-to-nation diffusion occurring and prodding upward national public opinion support for same-sex marriage simultaneously. The hypotheses is confirmed by data that suggests as election events on same-sex marriage increase across the United States at the state level, so too increases national public opinion support for same-sex marriage. The third analysis explores the rate of change in support for legal same-sex marriage across the three states where gay rights referenda and ballot initiatives have been most frequent; it posits that in states where voters have greater familiarity with gay rights at the ballot because of previous exposure to them, their support will be greater over time than public opinion measured in other states that have similar political cultures but have not faced the same level of electoral activity on gay rights. The final hypothesis is inconclusive because of the fluid nature of the same-sex marriage debate in the universe of states within the United States. States are handling this salient issue in a number of ways; some legislatures now seem to be taking steps to legalize same-sex marriage statutorily; others may take no action to propel the provision of same-sex marriage equality or end constitutional bans on the practice; while another group of states are leaving activists to litigate the policy in Federal courts or shift the debate toward statewide popular votes on the issue of authorizing same-sex marriage at the ballot box via ballot initiative or referendum.

Same-sex marriage is a subject that has been heavily discussed and argued since the concept of marriage came into existence. Marriage is a relationship that most American citizens are entitled to although it is not yet a fundamental right. As of a very recent court decision, Strawser v. Strange, Civil Action No. 14-0424-CG-C1 finalized on February 9, 2015, Alabama has legalized same-sex marriage; furthermore, thirty-seven states now recognize the legality of same-sex marriage. Marriage, whether it is between a heterosexual or a homosexual couple, should be a fundamental right enjoyed by all. This thesis will explain why same-sex marriage should be a fundamental right. The research presented in this thesis will be scrutinized and thoroughly examined showing the obstacles that same-sex couples face when wanting to legally marry. The United States Constitution, the Due Process Clause, and the Equal Protection Clause will be analyzed and discussed to prove that all fifty states should allow same-sex couples to wed. Citizens view what constitutes a marriage differently depending on their upbringing and residence. This thesis will illustrate why same-sex marriage has been such a widely discussed topic, and it will investigate the influence of religion and the church. Historically, the tradition of marriage has always been between one man and one woman. By examining how the tradition of marriage is changing and using case law decisions, an argument can be formed that marriage should be a fundamental right for all people.

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Text in Afrikaans. / Die definisie van 'n huwelik tref 'n onderskeid tussen heteroseksuele en homoseksuele lewensmetgeselle ten opsigte van die bevoegdheid om te trou. Hierdie onderskeid op grond van seksuele georiënteerdheid mag moontlik ongrondwetlik wees. Voorts is daar 'n menigte regte en verpligtinge wat outomaties uit huweliksluiting spruit, maar nie outomaties op lewensverhoudings van toepassing is nie. Hierdie onderskeid op grond van huwelikstaat mag eweneens moontlik teen die bepalings van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 indruis. Hierdie studie is gevolglik daarop toegespits om ondersoek in te stel na die grondwetlikheid van hierdie twee onderskeide. Die ondersoek word geloods met verwysing na relevante wetgewing en regspraak. 'n Bondige oorsig van fundamentele regte word as agtergrond verskaf. Na afhandeling van die ondersoek word daar aandag geskenk aan die huidige en voorgestelde toekomstige erkenning en regulering van lewensverhoudings in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg, waarna die bevindings saamgevat en krities beoordeel word. SUMMARY The definition of marriage differentiates between heterosexual and homosexual life partners with regard to the capacity to marry. This differentiation on account of sexual orientation may possibly be unconstitutional. Furthermore there are a multitude of rights and obligations that automatically flow from marriage, which are not automatically applicable to life partnerships. This differentiation on account of marital status may also violate the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Accordingly this study is aimed at investigating the constitutionality of these two differentiations. The investigation is conducted with reference to relevant legislation and case law. A concise overview of fundamental rights is provided as background. In conclusion of the investigation, attention is paid to the present recognition and regulation of domestic partnerships in South African law, after which the findings are summarised and evaluated critically. / Jurisprudence / LL.M.