Data science and evaluation are two disciplines that could benefit enormously from successful integration. While data science can provide useful information in terms of statistics for any evaluation process, it as a subject can benefit from incorporating elements that investigate the value addition aspects addressed by evaluation and evaluative thinking. Evaluative thinking when incorporated with the analysis of big data sources can become a powerful tool in our hands that could be used in various sectors, for various purposes, to build equity and justice in society and make us better prepared to deal with exigencies. The new advancements in data science tools and approaches have attracted researchers from various disciplines, including evaluators. However social scientists and evaluators have been slow adopters of data science technologies compared to other fields. If evaluation practitioners and scholars do not pay attention, then the other fields will race ahead with different methods, models, tools, and approaches (Bamberger, Raftree, and Olazabal, 2016). The new and emerging data sources and analytical approaches can not only help the evaluation practitioners to solve problems of various dimensions, but also the integration of disciplines like data science with evaluation has the potential to benefit each other and as well as for the promotion of social good. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric linear programming approach to measure the efficiency and productivity of decision-making units (DMUs), which can be used in both public and private sectors. This approach can enhance the decision-making process by utilizing new emerging data sources. DEA, after being introduced in the late 1970s, has been widely used in the management sector, and over the last few decades, it has gained popularity in various additional fields due to being a data-driven approach. As far back as 1986, DEA was the subject of an entire textit{New Directions for Evaluation} volume, but it has rarely been explored again in the field of evaluation since then. Especially given the increased availability and use of big data in evaluation, there is a need to revisit DEA and explore its potential applications and implications for evaluation. This study is threefold, where it first explores what the published literature reveals about the nature of DEA and its relationship to the core evaluation concepts of evaluative thinking, reasoning, and ethics, using a scoping review. Secondly, it demonstrates a proof of concept of how DEA could be applied and the implications for evaluative thinking and reasoning using big data. Lastly, this study seeks the perspectives of thought leaders on the application of data science technologies and DEA in evaluation. / Doctor of Philosophy / Big data is an important trend worldwide, and most of the innovations and discussions going on around big data are all happening outside evaluation, and this poses a double-sided risk. On one hand, if other fields like data science, management, banking, agriculture, chemistry, healthcare, etc. continue to innovate around big data without the understanding of evaluative thinking, reasoning, and ethics, then the applied inquiry that the researchers have developed and reflected upon within evaluation for decades, will be at risk due to an overly technical approach to data. On the other hand, the field of evaluation faces the problem of being left behind. For evaluation to remain relevant as a field, it must stay up to date with developments in adjacent disciplines. In other words, if evaluation practitioners and scholars do not pay attention, then the other fields will race ahead with different methods, models, tools, and approaches (Bamberger et al., 2016). It is a problem on two levels. One of the biggest challenges with big data is that they lack quality. It thus becomes imperative to make the best use of the data and to convey valid and compelling stories with these data, we must continue to explore different approaches to working with it. This paper explores an approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to make sense of the data with potential contribution to decision-making. DEA is a nonparametric linear programming method for measuring the efficiency and productivity of decision-making units (DMUs) in both the public and private sectors. It has maintained popularity in various subject areas that use big data, like operations research, mathematics, environmental science, engineering, material science, etc. After being introduced in the late 1970s, it has been widely used in the management sector, and over the last few decades, has gained popularity in various additional fields due to being a data-driven approach. As far back as 1986, linear optimization, in particular DEA, was the subject of an entire textit{New Directions for Evaluation} volume, but it has rarely been explored again in the field of evaluation since then. Especially given the increased availability and use of big data in evaluation, there is a need to revisit DEA and explore its potential applications and implications for evaluation. As such, this study is divided into three parts, where the first part is a scoping review that explores what the published literature reveals about the nature of DEA and its relationship to the core evaluation concepts of evaluative thinking, reasoning, and ethics. Secondly, this study provides a demonstration of the application of DEA using big data in evaluation. And lastly, this study seeks the perspectives of thought leaders on the application of data science technologies and DEA in evaluation.

No setor saude no Brasil, o termo gestao do trabalho passou a ser utilizado principalmente apos a 12ª Conferencia Nacional de Saude, por haver criticas ao termo gestao de recursos humanos. Entretanto, o que e gestao do trabalho em saude? O que se tem produzido no Brasil a respeito desse tema? Como essa expressao vem sendo utilizada na producao cientifica brasileira? Esta pesquisa busca analisar a producao cientifica publicada em periodicos brasileiros com relacao a incorporacao da expressao gestao do trabalho em saude. Foi realizado um scoping review na base de dados Lilacs, com exclusao de teses, livros, estudos sem resumo, estudos repetidos, monografias e documentos governamentais. Foram encontrados 495 estudos, submetidos a criterios de inclusao e exclusao por tres juizes, 74 artigos foram considerados na integra para mapeamento. Dos artigos mapeados, 34 foram selecionados para pesquisa. Com relacao as caracteristicas dos estudos, os especialistas do Sudeste e Sul brasileiro produziram mais artigos sobre o tema, com abordagem metodologica predominantemente qualitativa publicados nos periodicos Cadernos de Saude Publica e Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. Tais publicacoes apresentaram crescimento numerico principalmente apos 2006, com a 3ª Conferencia Nacional de Gestao do Trabalho e Educacao em Saude. Com relacao a incorporacao, os dados extraidos resultaram no mapeamento de cinco temas: conceito de gestao do trabalho em saude, formulacao de politicas, participacao dos trabalhadores nos processos de trabalho (desalienacao e autonomia), precarizacao do trabalho e desafios para o gestao do trabalho em saude. Apesar do consenso a respeito da complexidade conceitual da expressao, sao explorados aspectos distintos, de acordo com a interpretacao de cada autor com destaque para alguns desafios na gestao do trabalho em saude: novas exigencias na qualificacao profissional, equipes heterogeneas de trabalho, presenca predominantemente da mulher no mercado de trabalho, burocratizacao e predominio de rotinas e protocolos. As discussoes teoricas sao amplas mas as aplicacoes praticas sao escassas, restando um questionamento que nao foi totalmente desvelado: gestao do trabalho em saude, uma mudanca terminologica ou de paradigma? / The expression work management in healthcare has been used mainly after the 12ª National Conference of Health, because the expression human resour- ce management was being criticized. However, what is work management in healthcare? What has been done concerning this issue in Brazil? How is this expression being used by the Brazilian scientific production? This research aims to analyze the scientific production published in Brazilian journals and related to the expression work management in healthcare. A scoping review was made using the LILACS database as a reference, with the exception of thesis, books, papers without abstract, duplicate studies, monographs and governmental documents. 495 studies were found and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria by three judges; 74 articles were fully considered for mapping. From the mapped articles, 34 were used for research. Regarding the studies characteristics, specialists from the Brazilian South and Southeast areas produced more papers about the issue on journals such as Cadernos de Saude Publica and Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, with the predominance of qualitative methodological approach. These publications presented numerical growth especially from 2006 onwards, after the 3rd National Conference of Work Management and Education in Healthcare. Regarding the expression usage, the extracted data resulted on the mapping of five topics: concept of work management in healthcare, policy formulation, participation of workers in the work processes (disalienation and autonomy), precarious work and challenges for the work management in healthcare. Despite the consensus about the conceptual complexity of such expression, distinct aspects are explored according to each authors interpretation highlighting some challenges for work management in healthcare: new job requirements, many kinds of professionals in work team, women in the labor market bureaucratization, routines and protocols. The theoretical discussions are broad and the practical applications are scarce, generating a question that was not completely answered: does work management in healthcare represent a change of terminology or paradigm?

No setor saude no Brasil, o termo gestao do trabalho passou a ser utilizado principalmente apos a 12ª Conferencia Nacional de Saude, por haver criticas ao termo gestao de recursos humanos. Entretanto, o que e gestao do trabalho em saude? O que se tem produzido no Brasil a respeito desse tema? Como essa expressao vem sendo utilizada na producao cientifica brasileira? Esta pesquisa busca analisar a producao cientifica publicada em periodicos brasileiros com relacao a incorporacao da expressao gestao do trabalho em saude. Foi realizado um scoping review na base de dados Lilacs, com exclusao de teses, livros, estudos sem resumo, estudos repetidos, monografias e documentos governamentais. Foram encontrados 495 estudos, submetidos a criterios de inclusao e exclusao por tres juizes, 74 artigos foram considerados na integra para mapeamento. Dos artigos mapeados, 34 foram selecionados para pesquisa. Com relacao as caracteristicas dos estudos, os especialistas do Sudeste e Sul brasileiro produziram mais artigos sobre o tema, com abordagem metodologica predominantemente qualitativa publicados nos periodicos Cadernos de Saude Publica e Ciencia & Saude Coletiva. Tais publicacoes apresentaram crescimento numerico principalmente apos 2006, com a 3ª Conferencia Nacional de Gestao do Trabalho e Educacao em Saude. Com relacao a incorporacao, os dados extraidos resultaram no mapeamento de cinco temas: conceito de gestao do trabalho em saude, formulacao de politicas, participacao dos trabalhadores nos processos de trabalho (desalienacao e autonomia), precarizacao do trabalho e desafios para o gestao do trabalho em saude. Apesar do consenso a respeito da complexidade conceitual da expressao, sao explorados aspectos distintos, de acordo com a interpretacao de cada autor com destaque para alguns desafios na gestao do trabalho em saude: novas exigencias na qualificacao profissional, equipes heterogeneas de trabalho, presenca predominantemente da mulher no mercado de trabalho, burocratizacao e predominio de rotinas e protocolos. As discussoes teoricas sao amplas mas as aplicacoes praticas sao escassas, restando um questionamento que nao foi totalmente desvelado: gestao do trabalho em saude, uma mudanca terminologica ou de paradigma? / The expression work management in healthcare has been used mainly after the 12ª National Conference of Health, because the expression human resour- ce management was being criticized. However, what is work management in healthcare? What has been done concerning this issue in Brazil? How is this expression being used by the Brazilian scientific production? This research aims to analyze the scientific production published in Brazilian journals and related to the expression work management in healthcare. A scoping review was made using the LILACS database as a reference, with the exception of thesis, books, papers without abstract, duplicate studies, monographs and governmental documents. 495 studies were found and subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria by three judges; 74 articles were fully considered for mapping. From the mapped articles, 34 were used for research. Regarding the studies characteristics, specialists from the Brazilian South and Southeast areas produced more papers about the issue on journals such as Cadernos de Saude Publica and Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, with the predominance of qualitative methodological approach. These publications presented numerical growth especially from 2006 onwards, after the 3rd National Conference of Work Management and Education in Healthcare. Regarding the expression usage, the extracted data resulted on the mapping of five topics: concept of work management in healthcare, policy formulation, participation of workers in the work processes (disalienation and autonomy), precarious work and challenges for the work management in healthcare. Despite the consensus about the conceptual complexity of such expression, distinct aspects are explored according to each authors interpretation highlighting some challenges for work management in healthcare: new job requirements, many kinds of professionals in work team, women in the labor market bureaucratization, routines and protocols. The theoretical discussions are broad and the practical applications are scarce, generating a question that was not completely answered: does work management in healthcare represent a change of terminology or paradigm?

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Felipe Monteiro da Cruz.pdf: 1120633 bytes, checksum: d3555ee9c2eb1c9cd6a982a89aefd3bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Behavior Analysis, as a descriptive and experimental science, capable to indicate the causes of complex behaviors, offers a mean to study and modify many social issues. However, the field of public health, and more specificaly the field of health promotion, has been seldom studied by behavior analysts. As a scoping review, the presente study researched the data produced by studies in the application of Behavior Analysis to health promotion, with the purpose of identifying the types of intervention that are being applied, as well as possible methodological and conceptual gaps in researches. Studies were coleted from five databases: Lilacs, PubMed, ERIC, Scopus e PsycINFO. Studies were analyzed for bibliometrics, type of research, target behaviors and population, research designs and also in relation to criteria for the evaluation of health promotion initiatives, proposed by the WHO (social participation, empowerment, equity, sustainability, multi-strategic actions and a holistic conception of health). Publications should match inclusion criteria to be considered a Behavior Analysis study. A total of 89 studies were analyzed. Data collection indicated that the majority of the studies were conducted in the United States (89,8%). Most represented types of research were predictores/determinants studies (34,8%), interventions (25,8%) and discussion papers (25,8%). Among the studies that planned some form of intervention, the majority (77%) reache no more than three, of the six WHO criteria of evaluations. Based in these data, we argue for a higher approach by behavior analysts to modern discussions in health promotion / A Análise do Comportamento, enquanto ciência descritiva e experimental, capaz de apontar as causas dos comportamentos mais complexos, oferece meios de estudar e modificar uma grande gama de problemas sociais. Entretanto, uma área de atuação pouco estudada por analistas do comportamento é a saúde pública, mais especificamente a promoção da saúde. Como uma revisão de escopo, a atual pesquisa buscou levantar dados produzidos por estudos em Análise do Comportamento aplicada à promoção da saúde, com o objetivo de identificar tipos de intervenção sendo utilizados, possíveis lacunas metodológicas ou conceituais e a extensão desses estudos. Estudos foram coletados em cinco bases de dados: Lilacs, PubMed, ERIC, Scopus e PsycINFO. Estudos foram analisados a partir de dados bibliométricos, dados relacionados ao tipo de estudo conduzido, classes de comportamentos alvos, população alvo, delineamentos de pesquisa e também em relação a critérios para avaliação de intervenções de promoção da saúde propostos pela OMS (participação social, empoderamento, equidade, sustentabilidade, ações multi-estratégicas e concepção holística de saúde). Publicações deveriam preencher critérios de inclusão para serem consideradas pesquisas em Análise do Comportamento. Um total de 89 pesquisas foram analisadas. A coleta de dados indicou que a maioria dos estudos foi realizada nos Estados Unidos (89,8%). Tipos de pesquisa com maior representação foram estudos de preditores/determinantes (34,8%), intervenções (25,8%) e artigos de discussão (25,8%). Entre estudos que planejaram algum tipo de intervenção, a maioria (77%) atingiu até três, dos seis critérios de avaliação da OMS. Com base nesses dados, discute-se por uma aproximação maior de analistas do comportamento a discussões atuais na área da promoção da saúde

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Background: Little is known about the use of pain management evidence in Jordanian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). Purpose: To assess the existence, content, and the factors influencing the use of pain management evidence in Jordanian PICUs. Methods: Three studies were guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework. 1. A scoping review of the literature to identify pain management interventions in the PICU; 2. A cross-sectional and multisite survey to determine the current pain management practices, and the availability and content of practice guidelines in Jordanian PICUs; 3. A correlational and multisite survey to examine the relationship between the contextual factors and nurses’ use of pain management research evidence in Jordanian PICUs. Results: 1. Twenty-seven studies were included in the scoping review. The majority of the studies focused mainly on pharmacological interventions (n= 21, 78%). Morphine and fentanyl were the most commonly used pharmacological agents for pain management in the PICUs. The use of non-pharmacological interventions was limited. 2. Four of six eligible PICUs participated in the cross-sectional study. All four units had written pain management guidelines. Fentanyl was the most commonly used pharmacological agent in two units. Intravenous infusions of opioids were not administered for patients on mechanical ventilation in two units. The use of non-pharmacological interventions was reported in one unit. 3. From the four participating units, 73 nurses completed the correlation study survey. Social capital predicted both the instrumental and conceptual research use for pain management by Jordanian PICU nurses. Structural and electronic resources predicted the instrumental research use for pain management by Jordanian PICU nurses. Conclusions: Pain management practices and supporting guidelines varied in Jordanian PICUs. Context influences Jordanian PICU nurses’ use of research for pain management. Not all of the pain management practices in Jordan are evidence informed. There is an opportunity for improvement in pain management in Jordanian PICUs.

In the research of young people in relation to their tobacco use and corresponding attitudes towards that use, there are various ways that these attitudes are measured and described. There remains however a lack of clarity or consistency regarding the way that these are attitudes are measured and what they are orientated towards. An established framework of methodology was used to guide the review. Studies were included based on age (11-21); published year (after 2000); language (English only). Included studies had the young people’s attitudes towards tobacco use in its various forms as central theme. Three bibliography databases were utilized. Studies (2710) were identified, 598 screened and 33 included. The majority were performed in the EU/Schengen Area outside of the Nordic countries. The majority were quantitatively oriented, and most had a Health perspective in their description of attitudes. Findings suggest that there are four different themes in how attitudes were described, and that there are differences between the Nordic countries and the rest of the EU/Schengen Area, but also many similarities, as well as a need to investigate specific aspects of tobacco use in Nordic countries (social acceptance being chief among them).

People analytics (PA) has experienced significant growth in recent years due to the increasing availability of employee data and the impact of digitalization on organizations. This data-driven approach utilizes inductive methods to predict various outcomes in the field of human resources. Nevertheless, concerns have emerged regarding the availability and reliability of the data used in PA. Surprisingly, the quality standards of these data-driven methods have not been evaluated in the PA literature, despite their widespread adoption. To address these gaps, nine research questions covering expertise areas, psychological constructs, patterns/trends, study types, data sources, reliability reporting, data-driven frameworks, prediction accuracy, and open science practices in PA were reviewed. A scoping review was conducted to extract relevant information from each piece of literature, while bibliometric analysis provides a structured analysis of trends, themes, and key contributors. A total of 3,103 records were identified from the Scopus (n = 449) and APA PsycINFO (n = 2,700) databases, with nine studies included in the review. Findings indicated a lack of consideration given to quality, reliability aspects, and open science practices within PA literature. The predominant emphasis of the research was on the evaluation of variables, particularly turnover intention. This study contributes to advancing the understanding of PA by emphasizing the importance of incorporating quality standards and open science practices to enhance the reliability and credibility of research findings. The classification of the PA literature and recommendations for future research directions are provided, highlighting the need for a hierarchy of knowledge in the field. / Scoping Review of People Analytics

Foreign-born women who migrate to a partner implies a particular vulnerability towards intimate partner violence. This is due to reasons including migration law related dependency. Little research has been made on intimate partner violence amongst this specific migrant group. This scoping review aims to investigate experiences of intimate partner violence amongst women who, as a result of their migration status, stand in a dependent position in relation to their partner. Searches were made in two databases. The initial searches resulted in 625 articles, these were all reviewed by their titles. 213 articles were reviewed by abstracts and 27 were reviewed by full text. Three articles were conducted by examining references of the articles. This resulted in 17 articles being included in this scoping review. Key findings include the women's double exposure in relation to: physical abuse, their financial situation, mental abuse, social isolation, latent abuse and exploitation. Findings also include consequences of the violence: Emotional consequences and coping. To avoid generalization and instead focus on the diversity of migration experiences this study presents an intersectional perspective on migrant women's experiences of intimate partner violence. This study analyzes how multiple factors of disadvantage including gender, class, ethnicity and migration status all intersect and create a complex and unique exposure when it comes to intimate partner violence.

Background: As growing numbers of people may be forced to migrate due to climate change and variability, it is important to consider the disparate impacts on health for vulnerable populations, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH). This scoping review aims to explore the relationship between climate migration and SRH. Methods: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Global Health and Google for peer-reviewed and gray literature published before 2nd July 2021 in English that reported on SRH in the context of climate migration. Data were extracted using a piloted extraction tool and findings are reported in a narrative synthesis. Results: We screened 1,607 documents. Ten full-text publications were included for analysis: five peer-reviewed articles and five gray literature documents. Reported SRH outcomes focused on maternal health, access to family planning and antiretroviral therapy, sexual and gender-based violence, transactional sex, and early/forced marriage. Recommendations to improve SRH in the context of climate migration called for gender-transformative health systems, education and behavior change programmes, and the involvement of local women in policy planning and programme implementation. Discussion: While the disparate impacts of climate change and migration are well-established, primary data on the scope of impact due to climate migration is limited. The SRH outcomes reported in the literature focus on a relatively narrow range of SRH domains, emphasizing women and girls, over men. Achieving holistic and equitable SRH in the context of climate migration requires engaging all genders across the range of SRH outcomes and migration contexts. This review highlights the need for further empirical evidence on the effect of climate migration on SRH, with research that is context-specific and engages communities in order to reflect the heterogeneity of outcomes and impact in the climate-migration-SRH nexus.