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Práce zkoumá tradiční způsob rozvojové pomoci prostřednictvím různých definic a typů zahraniční pomoci za uplatnění tří existujících teorií, a sice teorie "měkké síly" Josepha Nye Jr., "rozvojové teorie" Hanse Morgentraua a teorie Paula Rosensteina-Rodana "Big push". Práce se soustředí především na jednu z hlavních zemí Spolupráce jih-jih Brazílii, poskytuje důkazy o její schopnosti stát se poskytovatelem mezinárodní pomoci, a zaměřuje se na rostoucí význam Brazílie na mezinárodní scéně.

There has been a significant upsurge in the Sino-African economic cooperation from the turn of the century. The master thesis analyzes the impacts of the growing role of China in the Sub-Saharan region in an attempt to determine, if it contributes to economic growth and development of the regional economies. In order to unpack the potential outcomes of the expanding Sino-African economic cooperation, Chinese trade and outward foreign investment are analyzed in terms of structure, dynamics and geographic distribution. Where possible, the thesis provides a comparison with the practices of the traditional partners, mainly Western European countries and the United States, in order to determine, if China represents a genuinely different partner that contributes to development of the region, or its activities are no more than a mere continuation of the little successful practices of the traditional partners. As the motives of the Chinese presence in the continent have considerably changed over time, the thesis concentrates on the period of 2000s, providing an insight into most significant changes that have come with the Chinese 'going-out' strategy initiated in 1999. Finally, the thesis tries to identify the potential global outcomes of the intensifying South-South cooperation.

Since China launched open door policy of economic reform in 1978, China has registering a sustained economic growth, which made it one of the worlds¡¦leading economies, also became the world's third biggest economy. Since late 1980s, China has not only became the world factory, with huge market, cheap labor force, and the main destination of foreign direct investments, but also became a world class political power whose influence is continuously growing in Asia and all over the world. China has also paid much attention to Africa region Since 1950s. China provided grant, interest-free loan, and low-interest loan to African nations at that time. After 1980s, in order to promote the share in common with Africa, China gradually took reform in foreign aid institutions and foreign aid management systems in various forms. After the end of the Cold-War, the foreign aid concept within western nations had put more focus on the development and cooperation. China was also deeply influenced by this trend; as a result, it led to the normalization of ¡§South-South Cooperation¡¨. In this research, the author analyses the development and strategies of China's Africa foreign aid policy, and tries to examine China's methods and objectives under the international political and economic new order. The result reveals that while China pursuing the political and economic interests through the foreign aid, it must be exchanged with African nations so that the internal and external of foreign aid project could move forward. The establishment of FOCAC in 2000 was a three year of frameworks and goals for Sino-Africa in relative cooperation areas. China published the ¡§China's Africa Policy¡¨ in January 2006, who also declared to establish a new strategic partnership relations with African nations. It was also a dollar diplomacy competing era between China and Taiwan since 1990s, and China tried to aid every African nation diplomatic ally in order to prevent other African nations from establishing relationships with Taiwan.

MEDEIROS, Ailana Linhares de Sousa. Avaliação da Política de Cooperação Sul-Sul na UNILAB: percepções da integração sob o olhar dos discentes estrangeiros dos campi do Ceará. 2017. 114f. - Dissertação (Mestrado)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2017. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-17T19:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_alsmedeiros.pdf: 785682 bytes, checksum: d1627de6a06f8a2cbd4366c294db2427 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-20T17:58:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_alsmedeiros.pdf: 785682 bytes, checksum: d1627de6a06f8a2cbd4366c294db2427 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T17:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_dis_alsmedeiros.pdf: 785682 bytes, checksum: d1627de6a06f8a2cbd4366c294db2427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / n this work we evaluate the South-South Cooperation policy of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), from an in-depth perspective (GUSSI, 2008; RODRIGUES, 2008). The assessment is based on the perception of foreign students, who are members of UNILAB. Our main goal is to analyze the South-South Cooperation in practice, within the institutional-academic context. As a methodological and qualitative approach we employ: bibliographic analysis, participant observation and interviews. We discuss the circumstances of the Foreign Brazilian Policy that launched the international educational cooperation, which is linked to such contexts of the foundation of UNILAB. They are the conceptual basis that provide the theoretical-ideological support. UNILAB is born out of the policy of expansion of higher education proposed in the Lula Government (2003-2010) within internalization and internationalization policy. Its main activities focus on the training of human resources that contribute to the integration of Brazil and the nations that make up the Community of Portuguese-speaking countries. From the speech of the individuals inserted in politics, we consider evaluative dimensions that allow us to observe the integration: the trajectory from survival to civil war to higher education; the (un)common Portuguese language; the (dis)knowledge about UNILAB, the city of Redenção, the personal formation and the past; the feeling of gratitude;being in a Brazilian university and, finally, the perceptions about an integration. I realized that, in conclusion, the educational cooperation proposed by Unilab based on South-South Cooperation represents a break of the North-South hegemonic ideology because, even though many adversities arise in the relationships between the students and the local community, the goal of qualify human resources to contribute in their countries of origin is achieved. Moreover, within the context of integration, there are experiences that form and complement life histories which compose the continuous construction of the unilabian institutional trajectory and they end up externalizing, in practice, how the integration in the cooperation happens. / Este estudo trata da avaliação da política de Cooperação Sul-Sul da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, sob a perspectiva da avaliação em profundidade (GUSSI, 2008; RODRIGUES, 2008). Avalia a integração proposta como missão institucional a partir da percepção dos discentes estrangeiros que fazem parte da universidade. O objetivo é avaliar a Cooperação Sul-Sul na prática, dentro do contexto institucional-acadêmico. A abordagem metodológica é qualitativa e adotam-se como procedimentos: a análise bibliográfica, observação participante e entrevistas. Discute-se sobre os contextos da Política Externa Brasileira que propiciou a construção da cooperação educacional internacional, vinculando-se tais contextos à análise da criação da UNILAB, ou seja, a base conceitual que lhe proporciona sustentação teórico-ideológica. A UNILAB nasce a partir da política de expansão do ensino superior proposta no Governo Lula (2003-2010), em um contexto de interiorização e internacionalização, com foco na formação de recursos humanos que contribuam com a integração do Brasil e os países (as nações) que compõem a Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa. A partir da fala dos sujeitos inseridos na política, identificam-se dimensões avaliativas que permitiram observar a integração, a partir de algumas dimensões que se apresentaram na pesquisa avaliativa: da sobrevivência à guerra ao ensino superior no Timor; a língua portuguesa (in)comum; o (des)conhecimento acerca da UNILAB, a cidade de Redenção, a formação pessoal e o passado; o sentimento de gratidão; o estar em uma universidade no Brasil e, por fim, as percepções sobre a integração. Percebi, finalizando, que a cooperação educacional proposta pela Unilab com base na Cooperação Sul-Sul representa quebra da ideologia hegemônica Norte-Sul, uma vez que embora inúmeras adversidades se apresentem entre as relações de alunos e comunidade local, o fim de qualificar recursos humanos para contribuírem nos seus países de origem é atingido. Além disso, dentro da acepção de integração percorrem experiências que formam e complementam histórias de vida que fazem parte da formação do desenho contínuo da trajetória institucional unilabiana e acabam externalizando, na prática, como acontece a integração na cooperação.

As mudanças implementadas na política externa brasileira, após o final da Guerra Fria, fizeram com que o país formulasse políticas de aproximação com o continente africano, que viriam a afetar significativamente a sua inserção internacional e o desenvolvimento da cooperação Sul-Sul. O presente estudo discute a cooperação técnica brasileira como fator propulsor do desenvolvimento moçambicano, enfocando o período de 2003 a 2012. Apresenta-se uma breve consideração acerca das influências que levaram Moçambique a uma ruptura revolucionária na década de 1970 e os pressupostos da cooperação Sul-Sul, que passou a ser um dos elementos norteadores da atual cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Moçambique. Procede-se uma revisão histórica da formação do Estado moçambicano, principalmente após sua independência em 1975, para compreender a experiência socialista e a transição para uma economia de mercado, a qual facilitou a aproximação com o Brasil. Traça-se, também, um panorama histórico da política africanista brasileira e das relações entre Brasil e Moçambique, a fim de destacar as áreas nas quais estão se desenvolvendo importantes projetos de cooperação, discutidos na parte final do estudo. Conclui-se que é cedo para avaliar os impactos da cooperação entre os dois países, no entanto, um debate acerca dessa prática se faz necessário para melhor compreender a dinâmica das relações Sul- Sul e a maneira como Brasil e Moçambique se inserem no contexto internacional. / The implemented changes in Brazilian foreign policy after the end of Cold War induced the country to formulate a policy of rapprochement with African continent, that would affect significantly its international integration and the development of South-South cooperation. This study discusses Brazilian technical cooperation as a factor that drove the Mozambican development, focusing on the period from 2003 to 2012. This study also presents a brief consideration about the influences which led Mozambique to a revolutionary breakthrough in the 1970s and assumptions of the South-South cooperation, that became one of the guiding elements of current technical cooperation between Brazil and Mozambique. It was made a historical overview about formation of the Mozambican State, especially after its independence in 1975, in order to comprehend the socialist experience and the transition to a market economy, which facilitated rapprochement with Brazil. Thus it also draws a historical panorama of the policy and the relations between Brazil and Mozambique, in order to emphasize areas in which important cooperation projects are being developed; this projects are discussed in the final part of this study. It can be concluded that is early to evaluate impacts of cooperation between these two countries, however, a discussion about this practice is necessary to better understand the dynamic of South-South relations and how Brazil and Mozambique insert themselves in the international context.

As the world system and the global political economy is under constant transformation, there is an increasing need for further research. Shifting from a North-South polarity towards a South-South-East relationship, the situation on the African continent is gaining more and more attention. The debate goes between the highly concerned alarmists warning for a new type of colonialism and those that are more opportunistic emphasizing the possibilities for underdeveloped countries to finally gain independence from Western predator claws. This thesis further explores the relationship between Ethiopia’s expanding partnerships with China and Turkey, aiming for analysis through the lens of the also highly debated dependency theory.  China and Turkey both express and emphasize the economic and political rhetoric of solidarity and mutual win-win relationships. This thesis thus seeks to investigate if this can be considered the case or if instead, the driving forces behind Chinese as well as Turkish engagement in Ethiopia are to be viewed upon as purely strategical concerning political and economic self-interests. By applying a comparative case study approach when analysing the two relationships of China-Ethiopia and Turkey-Ethiopia, this thesis will examine statistics and numbers regarding the economic exchange in terms of trade, financial assistance and investment flows.  The underlying driving forces behind the relationships will also be analysed before arriving at the conclusion that the relationships are indeed significantly uneven regarding power. The imbalances in the trade structures can be seen as an underlying factor of dependency. However, the characteristics of the of these South-South relations differ from the historically exploitative of North-South relations. Ethiopia can be seen to be given more room for self-determination and has gained benefits from its cooperation with both China and Turkey. Despite this, there is a need for the Ethiopian government to address its development needs and furthermore, increase its bargaining capacity in order to benefit further from trade agreements and foreign investment.

As mudanças implementadas na política externa brasileira, após o final da Guerra Fria, fizeram com que o país formulasse políticas de aproximação com o continente africano, que viriam a afetar significativamente a sua inserção internacional e o desenvolvimento da cooperação Sul-Sul. O presente estudo discute a cooperação técnica brasileira como fator propulsor do desenvolvimento moçambicano, enfocando o período de 2003 a 2012. Apresenta-se uma breve consideração acerca das influências que levaram Moçambique a uma ruptura revolucionária na década de 1970 e os pressupostos da cooperação Sul-Sul, que passou a ser um dos elementos norteadores da atual cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Moçambique. Procede-se uma revisão histórica da formação do Estado moçambicano, principalmente após sua independência em 1975, para compreender a experiência socialista e a transição para uma economia de mercado, a qual facilitou a aproximação com o Brasil. Traça-se, também, um panorama histórico da política africanista brasileira e das relações entre Brasil e Moçambique, a fim de destacar as áreas nas quais estão se desenvolvendo importantes projetos de cooperação, discutidos na parte final do estudo. Conclui-se que é cedo para avaliar os impactos da cooperação entre os dois países, no entanto, um debate acerca dessa prática se faz necessário para melhor compreender a dinâmica das relações Sul- Sul e a maneira como Brasil e Moçambique se inserem no contexto internacional. / The implemented changes in Brazilian foreign policy after the end of Cold War induced the country to formulate a policy of rapprochement with African continent, that would affect significantly its international integration and the development of South-South cooperation. This study discusses Brazilian technical cooperation as a factor that drove the Mozambican development, focusing on the period from 2003 to 2012. This study also presents a brief consideration about the influences which led Mozambique to a revolutionary breakthrough in the 1970s and assumptions of the South-South cooperation, that became one of the guiding elements of current technical cooperation between Brazil and Mozambique. It was made a historical overview about formation of the Mozambican State, especially after its independence in 1975, in order to comprehend the socialist experience and the transition to a market economy, which facilitated rapprochement with Brazil. Thus it also draws a historical panorama of the policy and the relations between Brazil and Mozambique, in order to emphasize areas in which important cooperation projects are being developed; this projects are discussed in the final part of this study. It can be concluded that is early to evaluate impacts of cooperation between these two countries, however, a discussion about this practice is necessary to better understand the dynamic of South-South relations and how Brazil and Mozambique insert themselves in the international context.

As mudanças implementadas na política externa brasileira, após o final da Guerra Fria, fizeram com que o país formulasse políticas de aproximação com o continente africano, que viriam a afetar significativamente a sua inserção internacional e o desenvolvimento da cooperação Sul-Sul. O presente estudo discute a cooperação técnica brasileira como fator propulsor do desenvolvimento moçambicano, enfocando o período de 2003 a 2012. Apresenta-se uma breve consideração acerca das influências que levaram Moçambique a uma ruptura revolucionária na década de 1970 e os pressupostos da cooperação Sul-Sul, que passou a ser um dos elementos norteadores da atual cooperação técnica entre Brasil e Moçambique. Procede-se uma revisão histórica da formação do Estado moçambicano, principalmente após sua independência em 1975, para compreender a experiência socialista e a transição para uma economia de mercado, a qual facilitou a aproximação com o Brasil. Traça-se, também, um panorama histórico da política africanista brasileira e das relações entre Brasil e Moçambique, a fim de destacar as áreas nas quais estão se desenvolvendo importantes projetos de cooperação, discutidos na parte final do estudo. Conclui-se que é cedo para avaliar os impactos da cooperação entre os dois países, no entanto, um debate acerca dessa prática se faz necessário para melhor compreender a dinâmica das relações Sul- Sul e a maneira como Brasil e Moçambique se inserem no contexto internacional. / The implemented changes in Brazilian foreign policy after the end of Cold War induced the country to formulate a policy of rapprochement with African continent, that would affect significantly its international integration and the development of South-South cooperation. This study discusses Brazilian technical cooperation as a factor that drove the Mozambican development, focusing on the period from 2003 to 2012. This study also presents a brief consideration about the influences which led Mozambique to a revolutionary breakthrough in the 1970s and assumptions of the South-South cooperation, that became one of the guiding elements of current technical cooperation between Brazil and Mozambique. It was made a historical overview about formation of the Mozambican State, especially after its independence in 1975, in order to comprehend the socialist experience and the transition to a market economy, which facilitated rapprochement with Brazil. Thus it also draws a historical panorama of the policy and the relations between Brazil and Mozambique, in order to emphasize areas in which important cooperation projects are being developed; this projects are discussed in the final part of this study. It can be concluded that is early to evaluate impacts of cooperation between these two countries, however, a discussion about this practice is necessary to better understand the dynamic of South-South relations and how Brazil and Mozambique insert themselves in the international context.

This thesis studies the symbolic regimes of Southern and Northern development cooperation partners. Symbolic regime is understood as the jointly articulated discourse of the Southern and Northern development partners. South-North cooperation is a suitable topic for study due to its peculiarity. The power structure typically seen in development cooperation is inverted, with the Southern country being the primary architect of cooperation between the two countries, unlike in traditional development cooperation. The study is placed in the context of wider research on convergence between Southern and Northern countries. Symbolic regimes are studied by inductively generating theoretical categories using a grounded theory method on documents from China’s Belt and Road Initiative and comparing those categories with established North-South and South-South symbolic regimes, which are framed using gift theory. The results suggest that China and its Northern partners’ symbolic regime is similar to the symbolic regime from South-South cooperation, without the emotional claims of solidarity or empathy. Jointly articulated discourse was found primarily to detail intended consequences and facilitating conditions, while individually articulated material showed that there are realities which are obscured by the symbolic regimes.