Diploma work „Multimedia player for iOS“ deals with the description of the video formats such as HLS, MP4, MPEG Transport Stream, and Dash. Next, it continues with protected content DRM, VAST advertisements and analytics tool called Google Analytics. During compilation of this diploma work was created a framework in programming language Swift. This framework is basically a player, that besides playing Interactive videos is able to show ads, subtitles, can change the video quality, AirPlay and download the content for offline playing. A feature to play a protected content could not be done as a developer's request for a product deployment SDK Fairplay was refused from an SDK owner. A testing app was also created that implements developed a framework and prove the functionality of the developed functions.

[ES] El despegue de la traducción audiovisual (TAV) tuvo lugar dentro del mundo académico con la aparición de una edición de la revista Babel dedicada a la traducción del cine en 1960. Desde entonces, esta variedad de traducción se va adquiriendo una innegable pujanza. A partir de los años ochenta, los traductólogos coinciden en dar prioridad al aspecto comunicativo intercultural de la traducción. A principios de los noventa, se puso en marcha una perspectiva culturalista de la traducción denominada cultural turn o giro cultural de traducción. Durante el siglo XXI, la traducción audiovisual (TAV) ha alcanzado su máximo desarrollo experimentando cambios significativos gracias a los grandes avances tecnológicos y la eclosión de nuevas formas de difusión audiovisual. A partir del último tercio de la década de los años noventa, esta área de estudio ha visto un desarrollo vertiginoso en los círculos académicos. Sin embargo, los estudios dedicados a analizar la traducción de textos audiovisuales del árabe al español presentan un campo bastante escaso. Con el presente trabajo de investigación, pretendemos abrir el camino para llenar un vacío en tales estudios. Partimos de un marco metodológico descriptivo basado en el modelo de análisis elaborado por Martí Ferriol (2006) que consta de tres parámetros de análisis: las restricciones, las normas y las técnicas de la traducción audiovisual para facilitar la posterior identificación del método de traducción para la variedad audiovisual. El objetivo principal de esta tesis consiste en verificar si las tipologías de estrategias traductoras existentes, y tradicionalmente basadas en combinaciones de idiomas con el inglés son aplicables para analizar la TAV para el caso concreto de la combinación lingüística árabe - español. Para ello se realizó un análisis exhaustivo del tratamiento de los términos culturales presentes en dos películas egipcias subtituladas en español dirigidas por Youssef Chahine Estación Central (Bāb al-ḥadīd) (1958) y La tierra (Al-ʼrd) (1969). La elección estuvo condicionada por razonas traductológicas y cinematográficas. La profusión de términos culturales presentes, las marcas de oralidad que el traductor ha de solventar en el proceso traductor y la distancia cultural entre las culturas origen y meta suponían un gran desafío para el traductor. Desde el punto de vista cinematográfico, el director Youssef Chahine se desmarcaba del resto con una identidad cinematográfica propia y las películas, objeto de estudio, recibieron el reconocimiento de la crítica nacional e internacional, siendo seleccionadas en la lista de las mejores películas realizadas en la historia cinematográfica árabe. / [CA] L'enlairament de la traducció audiovisual (TAV) va tenir lloc dins del món acadèmic amb l'aparició d'una edició de la revista Babel dedicada a la traducció del cinema en 1960. Des de llavors, aquesta varietat de traducció es va adquirint una innegable puixança. A partir dels anys vuitanta, els traductòlegs coincideixen a donar prioritat a l'aspecte comunicatiu intercultural de la traducció. A principis dels noranta, es va posar en marxa una perspectiva culturalista de la traducció denominada cultural turn o gir cultural de traducció. Durant el segle XXI, la traducció audiovisual (TAV) ha aconseguit el seu màxim desenvolupament experimentant canvis significatius gràcies als grans avanços tecnològics i l'eclosió de noves formes de difusió audiovisual. A partir de l'últim terç de la dècada dels anys noranta, aquesta àrea d'estudi ha vist un desenvolupament vertiginós en els cercles acadèmics. No obstant això, els estudis dedicats a analitzar la traducció de textos audiovisuals de l'àrab a l'espanyol presenten un camp bastant escàs. Amb el present treball de recerca, pretenem obrir el camí per a omplir un buit en tals estudis. Partim d'un marc metodològic descriptiu basat en el model d'anàlisi elaborada per Martí Ferriol (2006) que consta de tres paràmetres d'anàlisis: les restriccions, les normes i les tècniques de la traducció audiovisual per a facilitar la posterior identificació del mètode de traducció per a la varietat audiovisual. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi consisteix a verificar si les tipologies d'estratègies traductores existents, i tradicionalment basades en combinacions d'idiomes amb l'anglès són aplicables per a analitzar la TAV per al cas concret de la combinació lingüística àrab - espanyol. Per a això es va realitzar una anàlisi exhaustiva del tractament dels termes culturals presents en dues pel¿lícules egípcies subtitulades en espanyol dirigides per Youssef Chahine Estació Central (Bāb al-ḥadīd)) (1958) i La terra (Al-ʼrd) (1969). L'elecció va estar condicionada per raons traductològiques i cinematogràfiques. La profusió de termes culturals presents, les marques d'oralitat que el traductor ha de solucionar en el procés traductor i la distància cultural entre les cultures origen i meta suposaven un gran desafiament per al traductor. Des del punt de vista cinematogràfic, el director Youssef Chahine es desmarcava de la resta amb una identitat cinematogràfica pròpia i les pel¿lícules, objecte d'estudi, van rebre el reconeixement de la crítica nacional i internacional, sent seleccionades en la llista de les millors pel¿lícules realitzades en la història cinematogràfica àrab. / [EN] The advent of audiovisual translation (AVT) took place within the academic world with the publication of a special edition of the scholarly journal Babel in 1960 which was devoted to cinematographic translation. Since then, this field of translation has been growing rapidly. Since the 1980s, Translation Studies agreed to give priority to the intercultural communication aspect of translation by going beyond the translation's purview of transferring texts or languages to transferring cultures. A cultural approach to the study of translation or "cultural turn" was launched in the early 1990s. During the 21st century, the AVT has reached its maximum development undergoing significant changes thanks to the great technological advances and the emergence of new forms of audiovisual dissemination. Since the late 1990s, this area of study has experienced a remarkable development in academic circles. However, the studies dedicated to analyze the translation of audiovisual texts from Arabic to Spanish remain a limited field research. The present dissertation is an attempt to open the way to fill a gap in such studies. The methodological descriptive framework adopted in the present dissertation is based on the analysis model developed by Martí Ferriol (2006) which consists of three parameters: restrictions, norms and techniques of AVT to facilitate the subsequent identification of the translation method adopted by the subtitling versions. The main aim of this thesis is to verify whether the existing typologies of translation strategies, and traditionally based on language combinations with English, are applicable to analyze AVT for the specific case of the Arabic - Spanish language combination. In order to accomplish our aim of study, we carried out an exhaustive analysis of the treatment of the cultural terms in two Egyptian films subtitled in Spanish directed by Youssef Chahine Central Station (Bāb al-ḥadīd) (1958) and The land (Al-ʼrd) (1969). We chose our corpus on translation and cinematographic basis. The abundance of cultural terms in the selected corpus, the characteristics of verbal communication and the cultural distance between the origin and target cultures posed a great challenge for the translator. From the cinematographic point of view, the director Youssef Chahine stood out from the rest with his own cinematographic identity and the films, object of study, received the recognition of national and international critics, being selected in the list of the best films made in the Arab cinematographic history. / Abdallah Mohamed Abdelrahman Moussa, N. (2020). Análisis traductológico de los términos culturales en la subtitulación árabe-español [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/159276 / TESIS

Voice-over translation (or “audio subtitles”) is the only audio-visual translation (AVT) used for feature-length films on Polish television. Since the reader (lektor) only partially overrides original dialogues and some parts of the actors’ speech are clearly audible, it can be considered as marginal L2 exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate the attitudes of Polish speakers of English towards voice-over translated television and to determine if TV shows and films with a lektor can be a source of incidental language acquisition. The study consists of two parts, a survey and an experiment. The survey investigated the attitudes of Polish speakers of English to different types of AVT, especially their opinions about the influence of voice-over translated TV shows on their English proficiency. The data reveals that Polish speakers of English have rather negative opinions about this AVT and numerous instances of unfaithful translation are easily spotted by them, which creates an image of unprofessional and inaccurate AVT. They seem not to consider films with a lektor as L2 exposure and tend to think that introducing subtitles to television would improve the L2 competence in Poland. However, the informants admitted being able to spot unfaithful translation, meaning that they pay attention to the foreign language in the background. The experiment was conducted to examine the possibility of incidental language acquisition from voice-over translated TV shows. 26 high school students, Polish learners of English watched 4 clips with voice-over translation with instances of unfaithful translation. The study has empirically proven that Polish learners of English are able to spot the differences between the original dialogue and its translation. Thus, watching voice-over television programming can be considered L2 exposure.

Streaming video services have been ingrained into everyday life among Swedish teens, and the media content is often considered to benefit English language learners. The present study aims to verify that elevated English language proficiency and avid consumption of online streaming media appear synchronously in upper secondary school students. This is done by gauging online streaming media habits in students enrolled in a Swedish upper secondary school using a questionnaire, and then employing Pearson correlations to investigate the strength of the relationship between this data and student scores on a provided test of receptive vocabulary. Some attention is given to the effect of subtitle language choice on the viewer, as well as giving a brief summary of extramural English. The results are that there were found to be mostly weak correlations of low significance between test scores and online streaming media-use. The discussion links the predominantly weak correlations and significance values to previous studies about frequent multitasking occurring while participants are watching audiovisual media at home. Some space is given to a suggestion on how to adapt the present methodology to upper secondary schools to enable active teachers to explore how their English learners consume audiovisual streaming media and how this may relate to language proficiency. The study concludes that more research is needed to form a more accurate view of the relationship between watching online streaming audiovisual media and improved English language proficiency, and that further investigations should be of greater magnitude and breadth in both sampling as well as what demographic data is gathered.

This work aims at the creation of a~system of massive recording of multimedia data, especially speech data in various languages. The first issue is to find out high quality data source, the second is to build the system for managing and storing received data in the digital form. A digital satellite transmission is chosen as a signal source (DVB-S system). Main system features include recording of multiple streams in parallel, support of multiple cards, retrieving and storing of additional information (from Internet) and scheduling of recordings. The system will provide massive amounts of data for training of a language identification system.

Many companies implemented remote work procedures during the pandemic and for many organizations video meetings have since remained a staple. Remote working has enabled employees to be more flexible with their schedules and technical solutions such as live captioning has been identified as potentially enabling deaf/hard-of-hearing employees during meetings. However with new procedures comes concern about how we potentially can be affected by the changes. Some earlier research has shown that speech intelligibility can be improved by the inclusion of text support, but they also raised the possibility that it could have unwanted adverse effects on cognitive abilities (Zhong, Noud et al., 2022). This study was conducted with this focus, studying the effects of text support on specifically listening effort and comprehension during normal as well as adverse conditions (featuring added noise). To investigate the effects of text support a 2 (Noise, No Noise) x 2 (Text Support, No Text Support) design was used. The participants were shown 16 short videos simulating video meetings and after each video were asked to rate their perceived listening effort as well as a comprehension question about the contents of the discussion. Each of the four conditions were equally represented but the order of the specific video files and conditions that applied were randomised for each participant to mitigate undue effects. The results of the study indicate that the presence of captions decrease effort and raise comprehension in both normal and adverse conditions. Noise was found to strongly effect the listening effort required by participants but no significant effect was found upon comprehension. Some concerns regarding the ecological validity were identified during the course of the study such as only studying energetic noise and unrealistic presentation of captions. However the results are nonetheless believed to be generalizable in most regards and showcase that captions can have a positive influence during video meetings.

The degree to which the SABC (South African Broadcasting Corporation) as public broadcaster gives shape to its language policy and language mandate, against the background of an investigation of language rights, establishes the central problem statement of this research.It is widely acknowledged that it is difficult to define the concept of language rights. Although the language-sociological literature associates this concept with minority and cultural rights, it can also be seen as individual rights. According to the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, it is clear that language rights should be seen as individual rights that can be exercised within a particular community. Although this dissertation provides an extensive juridical and language sociological explanation of the concept of language rights, the description by Judge Albie Sachs will be used as a working definition for this research. His division between the following four fundamental language rights, viz.: (i) the right to use your language; (ii) the right to develop your language; (iii) the right to be understood and to understand other languages as well as (iv) the right not to be discriminated against because of your language, provides a useful investigation instrument with which the degree to which the SABC-TV acknowledges and protects language rights can be measured.It is found that despite the policy documents on national and corporate level that has equal consideration and treatment of the diverse South African languages in mind, it still happens that the SABC-TV fails to give form to the language rights of individuals that belong to indigenous minority language groups in South Africa. Due to this, the research suggests that the extensive implementation of subtitles, as a form of screen translation that differs from lip synchronised dubbing, can make a significant contribution to the acknowledgement and protection of language rights by the SABC-TV.In addition to a discussion on what subtitles entail, the technical nature and specific parameters thereof, a feasibility study is included within which the affordability of this project for the SABC-TV is indicated. It is found that this form of screen translation is ideal for the South African situation because it is cheaper than both lip synchronised dubbing and the creation of new television programmes, but also because it can effectively be employed in regional broadcasts. Furthermore, the use of bilingual subtitles and pivot subtitles are also alternatives that may be considered. It is essential though that subtitles can indeed contribute to the way in which the SABC, as a public broadcaster, acknowledges and protects the fundamental language rights of the multitude of South Africans that belong to different language communities in South Africa. (Written in Afrikaans)

The topic of computer/video games and their translation has only recently attracted attention of translation scholars. The thesis aims at introducing the phenomenon as a legitimate topic of translation studies, presenting it as a specific and influential medium with an extensive user subculture. A description of the overall process of game localization, and specifically its practice in the Czech Republic are included. Lexical analysis of selected computer game reviews and online discussions is complemented with a questionnaire survey to reveal if and how computer games and game- focused articles influence the constitution of a characteristic sociolect and its usage outside the gamer subculture. Concepts used in intercultural and interlingual transfer of computer games are defined and compared with established terms in translation studies. A comparative analysis of original and Czech versions of two computer games is carried out to identify translation methods used in the transfer of culture- and language-specific elements in order to determine whether the process of computer game translation exhibits any specific features that may justify the introduction of new terms into translation studies. Specific features of computer games in translation are described and an analysis of several games...

Cette recherche aborde le dialogue du cinéma. Elle propose une description de quelques interactions verbales couramment présentes dans les échanges quotidiens à travers une analyse d’un corpus cinématographique composé de comédies récentes (Amélie Poulain, Quatre étoiles, la Doublure, Ah ! si j’étais riche, Moi, César…). Les résultats de cette étude fondamentalement descriptive, intéressent [a] le domaine de la relation entre la description des interactions et la didactique du français et de l’arabe langues étrangères ou langues secondes, et [b] la problématique de la traduction des sous-titres cinématographiques, qui constitue la partie la plus importante de son apport. Cette étude cherche, [a] d’un point de vue de didactique des langues, à dégager des interactions pouvant contribuer à enrichir les fonctions du niveau B2 du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues. Le travail se fonde sur l’analyse de certains actes de langage rituels et fonctionnels : salutations, remerciements, excuses, demande, offre et proposition. Les différentes réalisations linguistiques de ces actes forment un inventaire susceptible d’enrichir le référentiel du français langue étrangère ainsi que celui de l’arabe langue étrangère à travers la traduction du dialogue français (les sous-titres). [b] Concernant la problématique traductionnelle, l’analyse des interactions observées (dialogues français transcrits par nous et sous-titres en arabe) font apparaître des liens entre la traduction et la culture, ainsi que des problèmes spécifiques liés aux contraintes de la traduction audiovisuelle et particulièrement au sous-titrage. Les extraits analysés dans la thèse sont repris dans les annexes, avec traduction, rétro-traduction et, au besoin, des notes explicatives, afin d’offrir la possibilité d’une lecture libre d’une partie du corpus. / This research is based on cinema dialogs. It offers a description of aspects of verbal interactions currently found in everyday life situations through a cinematograph corpus (recent French comedies : Amélie Poulain, Quatre étoiles, la Doublure, Ah ! si j’étais riche, Moi, César…). The results of this essentially descriptive study should be of interest for: [a] relations between the description of verbal interactions and the teaching/learning of French and Arabic as foreign or second languages, and [b] issues related to the translation of cinema subtitles, which are in fact the essential part of this study. The latter seeks to identify [a] in the context of the teaching/learning of foreign languages, interactions that help enrich the French B2 level (with reference to the Common European Reference Framework for Languages). The approach illustrates some pragmatic functions in the B2 level, and is based on the analysis of some speech acts (ritual and functional) including greetings, thanks, apologies, requests, offers and proposals. The different linguistic realisations of these acts propose an inventory aiming at enriching the Referential Framework for French and Arabic as foreign or second languages. Arabic is seen through the translation of subtitles. [b] With regards to translation issues, the analysis of the verbal interaction observed in the above mentioned cinema corpus (French dialogs transcribed by us and Arabic subtitles) bring forth some relations between translation and culture, in addition to problems which are specific to the constraints of audiovisual translation, with special reference to subtitling. Excerpts analysed in the dissertation are reproduced in the Annexes, with their translation, a retro-translation, and, when needed, explanatory notes, in order to offer a free reading of parts of our corpus.

This thesis focuses on teaching Czech language to deaf Czech-signing children in the first five grades of elementary school. It analyses the use of videos with subtitles in language teaching. In the introductory chapters, the legislation regarding the education of deaf children is outlined, together with the terminology delimiting the target group for the thesis. The following part looks at the reasons why subtitles are added to audiovisual works, considering the language learning and the development of communication competence in Czech as a second/foreign language. Here, it is especially the reading competence that is stressed, and the process of reading is therefore also discussed here. Based on these, the thesis then lists the various components of an audiovisual work with subtitles and also the benefits that come from watching such a work. The condition for effective learning from the subtitles is the relevancy of the subtitles for their addressees. The subtitles have to fulfill certain requirements, both on the technical level and the appropriate language demands. Supported by relevant research literature, this thesis explains the time limitations of subtitles (speed of the subtitles aimed at children, minimal and maximal duration of the projection, breaks between the subtitles, etc.) and...