This research report describes the learning histories of computer assistants and expert assessment practice. This takes place in a workplace where computer training, specifically the fixing of hardware (CPU) occurs. It is hoped that the evidence collected might contribute towards the recognition and understanding of tacit assessment on the National Qualifications Framework, (NQF). In uncovering these learning histories and expert assessment practices, a component of ethnography which involves case history interviews and discussions was used. The theoretical framework used was situated learning theory and the legitimate peripheral participation of the computer assistants. This framework is itself embedded in the theory of constructivism. Case histories used as a component of ethnography is part of a bigger ethnographic project developed by the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA). This particular study will contribute along with other projects in the University of Witwatersrand research group, to make up a full ethnographic account of learning and assessment in the workplace.

Este trabalho possui como objeto de estudo a gestão de conhecimento dentro das firmas de Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento ou KIBS (Knowledge- Intensive Business Services), empresas especializadas que fornecem serviços para outras firmas ou organizações. Serviços de TI, serviços de P&D, consultoria técnica, consultoria legal, consultoria financeira e consultoria gerencial são típicas empresas KIBS. Dado o grau de especialização dessas empresas, a gestão de conhecimento passa a afetar uma parcela importante do desenvolvimento de suas atividades, bem como as ferramentas ou mecanismos estabelecidos para gerenciar as práticas relativas à criação e transferência do conhecimento. Nota-se, também, que o sistema de gestão de conhecimento nessas empresas se cria e desenvolve de maneira distinta da que ocorre em outras organizações. Portanto, buscou-se entender como as organizações KIBS gerenciam seu conhecimento, em especial a experiência (na forma de conhecimento tácito), investigando os mecanismos que se estabelecem para tal fim; e como a memória organizacional e os processos de socialização específicos são criados e desenvolvidos no interior dessas organizações, tendo como objetivo entender como os Sistemas de Gestão de Conhecimento evoluem através do relacionamento entre esses processos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada é qualitativa. Ela foi realizada por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos em três empresas KIBS. Para tanto, um modelo teórico foi formulado e, posteriormente, avaliado na fase de pesquisa de campo. As observações finais demonstram que o papel dos especialistas dentro das empresas KIBS é fundamental para a evolução do seu Sistema de Gestão de Conhecimento e que os processos de socialização favorecem ou diminuem suas possibilidades de fornecer requisitos de desenvolvimento. / This paper focuses on the study of knowledge management at KIBS (Knowledge- Intensive Business Services), expert companies that provide services to other companies and organizations. IT and P&D service, technical consultancy, law consultancy, financial and management consultancy are all typical KIBS. Given the level of specialization of these firms, management knowledge may play an important part in the development of their activities, as well as the tools, and mechanisms established for managing practices related to the creation and transfer of knowledge. It was noticed in these firms that knowledge management systems (KMS) have been created and developed in a way different from that in other organizations. Consequently, there has been an effort to understand how KIBS firms manage their knowledge, basically expertise in the form of tacit knowledge, by looking into the mechanisms established for that purpose. Additionally, we intend to analyze the creation and development of organizational memory (OM) and particular socialization processes inside these organizations, so that we can learn how KMS evolve through the relationship of such processes. A qualitative research methodology was applied in this project. It was carried out by a multiple case study involving three different KIBS firms. In order to achieve that aim, a theoretic model was devised and forward assessed at the fieldwork stage. Our final observations have proved the essential role experts play inside KIBS firms for the progress of KMS. Likewise, it was found that socialization processes can either increase or reduce the possibilities of supplying development requirements.

Este trabalho possui como objeto de estudo a gestão de conhecimento dentro das firmas de Serviços Empresariais Intensivos em Conhecimento ou KIBS (Knowledge- Intensive Business Services), empresas especializadas que fornecem serviços para outras firmas ou organizações. Serviços de TI, serviços de P&D, consultoria técnica, consultoria legal, consultoria financeira e consultoria gerencial são típicas empresas KIBS. Dado o grau de especialização dessas empresas, a gestão de conhecimento passa a afetar uma parcela importante do desenvolvimento de suas atividades, bem como as ferramentas ou mecanismos estabelecidos para gerenciar as práticas relativas à criação e transferência do conhecimento. Nota-se, também, que o sistema de gestão de conhecimento nessas empresas se cria e desenvolve de maneira distinta da que ocorre em outras organizações. Portanto, buscou-se entender como as organizações KIBS gerenciam seu conhecimento, em especial a experiência (na forma de conhecimento tácito), investigando os mecanismos que se estabelecem para tal fim; e como a memória organizacional e os processos de socialização específicos são criados e desenvolvidos no interior dessas organizações, tendo como objetivo entender como os Sistemas de Gestão de Conhecimento evoluem através do relacionamento entre esses processos. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada é qualitativa. Ela foi realizada por meio de um estudo de casos múltiplos em três empresas KIBS. Para tanto, um modelo teórico foi formulado e, posteriormente, avaliado na fase de pesquisa de campo. As observações finais demonstram que o papel dos especialistas dentro das empresas KIBS é fundamental para a evolução do seu Sistema de Gestão de Conhecimento e que os processos de socialização favorecem ou diminuem suas possibilidades de fornecer requisitos de desenvolvimento. / This paper focuses on the study of knowledge management at KIBS (Knowledge- Intensive Business Services), expert companies that provide services to other companies and organizations. IT and P&D service, technical consultancy, law consultancy, financial and management consultancy are all typical KIBS. Given the level of specialization of these firms, management knowledge may play an important part in the development of their activities, as well as the tools, and mechanisms established for managing practices related to the creation and transfer of knowledge. It was noticed in these firms that knowledge management systems (KMS) have been created and developed in a way different from that in other organizations. Consequently, there has been an effort to understand how KIBS firms manage their knowledge, basically expertise in the form of tacit knowledge, by looking into the mechanisms established for that purpose. Additionally, we intend to analyze the creation and development of organizational memory (OM) and particular socialization processes inside these organizations, so that we can learn how KMS evolve through the relationship of such processes. A qualitative research methodology was applied in this project. It was carried out by a multiple case study involving three different KIBS firms. In order to achieve that aim, a theoretic model was devised and forward assessed at the fieldwork stage. Our final observations have proved the essential role experts play inside KIBS firms for the progress of KMS. Likewise, it was found that socialization processes can either increase or reduce the possibilities of supplying development requirements.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:11:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Goncalves Dantas.pdf: 1605532 bytes, checksum: d0d6cf2f4e58c6a44526f2ce06f2a4a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-12 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / It is not a novelty that the body is a target to spotlights of researchers such within academy as in art sphere. For the study of this topic, it will be necessary to resort to the construction process and to the transformations that this human interface called body passed through the fifties, mainly in the artistic universe and in the reconstitution of the subject facing new paradigms. A special attention will be given to legitimating tacit knowledge, developed by Michael Pollanyi. Artistic experience provides to the man a way of knowing proper from the sensitive order. Human cognition is activated through mechanisms which escape from usual. This, without a question, alters cultural processes, as well as new possibilities of cognitive connections in human body. The legitimacy of other ways of knowledge through body sensitivity brings a new perspective to communication understanding. A new concept emerges in the beginning of this century: the Bodymedia Theory of Katz & Greiner. From this point, I question the ways of communication which happen within artistic experiences and what they have provoked in human body induced by many factors which are rulers of the current cultural and psychosocial process, among them, the new technologies. How is human Unwelt dilated and activated by artistic experience, based or not in technology? More specifically: how is human cognition altered by the complex exercise of an artistic experience? Starting with this problem, I will use the work of Milena Travassos, Sala de Jejum, as case study to build a structure for my research based upon the following hypothesis: human cognition is developed by a co-evolutive process related to human environment and technology offers a way of extrasomatisation relying on the body senses which accelerates such process, dilating the Unwelt of our specie. It will be present in this work the philosophical discussion of Jorge Vieira on the General Systems Theory. Giorgio Agambem will be present with the profanation concept. Intertwining with the discussion on the communication field, Jesús Martín Barbero, Nestór Garcia Canclini, Marshall McLuhan, Boaventura Sousa Santos will appear, as well as Walter Benjamin, author base to the studies of the visual artist analyzed. To discuss cognitive processes and the emerging of a new cultural communication, Muniz Sodré, Edward Hutchins, Helena Katz, Mark Johnson, Richard Sennet, António Damásio, among others / Não é de hoje que o corpo é alvo dos holofotes de pesquisadores tanto na academia quanto na esfera da arte. Para o estudo do tema, será necessário recorrer ao processo de construção e às transformações que esta interface humana, chamada corpo, passou a partir dos anos 50, principalmente no universo artístico e na reconstituição do sujeito diante de novos paradigmas. Uma atenção especial será dada à legitimação do conhecimento tácito, desenvolvido por Michael Pollanyi. A experiência artística proporciona ao homem um modo de conhecer da ordem do sensível. A cognição humana é ativada através de mecanismos que fogem do habitual. Isto, sem dúvida, altera os processos culturais no entorno, assim como abre novas possibilidades de conexões cognitivas no corpo humano. A legitimação de outras formas de conhecimento por intermédio da sensibilidade do corpo traz uma nova perspectiva na compreensão da comunicação. Um novo conceito aponta nesse início de século: a Teoria Corpomídia, de Katz & Greiner. A partir daí, questiono as formas de comunicação que acontecem nas experiências artísticas e o que elas têm provocado no corpo humano induzidos pelos vários fatores que regem o atual processo cultural e psicossocial, dentre eles, as novas tecnologias. Como a Umwelt humana é dilatada e ativada pela experiência artística, estando ela apoiada ou não na tecnologia? Mais especificamente: como a cognição humana é alterada pelo exercício complexo de uma experiência artística? A partir desse problema, usarei o trabalho de Milena Travassos, Sala de Jejum, como estudo de caso para estruturar minha pesquisa baseada na seguinte hipótese: a cognição humana desenvolve-se por um processo co-evolutivo em relação ao ambiente humano e a tecnologia fornece uma forma de extrasomatização apoiada nos sentidos do corpo que acelera esse processo, dilatando a Umwelt da nossa espécie. Estará presente neste trabalho a discussão filosófica de Jorge Vieira sobre a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas. Giorgio Agambem entrará na pesquisa com o conceito de profanação. Na base da discussão sobre os caminhos traçados pela comunicação, Jesús Martín Barbero, Nestór Garcia Canclini, Marshall McLuhan, Boaventura Sousa Santos aparecerão, assim como Walter Benjamin, autor base para os estudos da artista visual analisada. Para discutir os processos cognitivos e o surgimento de uma nova comunicação cultural, Muniz Sodré, Edward Hutchins, Helena Katz, Mark Johnson, Richard Sennet, António Damásio dentre outros

Baby boomer employees who leave the workplace without sharing tacit knowledge create a knowledge gap within the organization. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies local government leaders use to retain tacit knowledge of baby boomer employees. Six government leaders who worked in the Midwest United States participated in the study and shared their experiences and perceptions. Building upon systems theory, transformational leadership theory, and knowledge management theory, research was conducted to identify strategies to retain tacit knowledge from retiring baby boomers. Physical artifacts and participant interview data were collected and analyzed using traditional text analysis. Adjoining terms were highlighted and clusters of repeated and related words were coded into themes. Three themes emerged: (a) mentoring, (b) generational differences, and (c) lack of structured systems. Mentoring was the most critical strategy leaders used to retain tacit knowledge from baby boomer employees. Acquiring collaborative leaders who foster a knowledge-sharing environment, create a structured system for retaining knowledge, and encourage communication between multigenerational teams remained imperative to retain tacit knowledge. Implications for positive social change include taking advantage of the human capital and resources the baby boomer population characterized, and educating other government leaders to improve performance within government agencies. Other social change implications include the potential of leaders to train older workers to share tacit knowledge with new workers, and of managers to incorporate strategies to mentor new workers replacing the older workforce.

There have been monumental advances in the study of the social dimensions of knowledge in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. But it has been common within a wide variety of fields--including social philosophy, cognitive science, epistemology, and the philosophy of science--to approach the social dimensions of knowledge as simply another resource to be utilized or controlled. I call this view, in which other people's epistemic significance are only of instrumental value, manipulationism. I identify manipulationism, trace its manifestations in the aforementioned fields, and explain how to move beyond it. The principal strategy that I employ for moving beyond manipulationism consists of synthesizing enactivism and neo-Kuhnian social epistemology. Specifically, I expand the enactivist concept of participatory sense-making by linking it to recent conceptual innovations in social epistemology, such as the concept of immanent cogent argumentation.

Australia faces many challenges in a globalised and rapidly changing world. Schools are increasingly being given responsibility for ensuring the future economic, social and political wellbeing of the nation and its successful transition into the knowledge age. Teachers have the responsibility of educating their students for an as yet unknown future. To meet these complex professional challenges, teachers need to become creators rather than consumers of knowledge. Through engaging in knowledge creation work teachers can re-image their work, reconceptualising the meaning of teacher professionalism. The study explores understandings of knowledge creation that emerge from the experiences of three Queensland schools engaged in IDEAS, a process of whole-school renewal which focuses on the work of teachers. In each case, through collaborative effort, the teachers created new knowledge. How this happened, what was achieved, the dynamics of the relationship between individual and group learning, and the subsequent impact on practice varied from case to case. The nature of the knowledge created was strongly influenced by contextual factors such as the dominant organisational paradigm, socio-emotional climate, cognitive processes, leadership and organisational coherence. In each school extensive data were gathered through in-depth interviews, artefact and document collection, and participant observation, particularly of IDEAS related activities. The story of each school and its engagement with IDEAS – constructed from the accounts of the teachers – is told to provide a basis for understanding knowledge creation in each context. In the final stage of analysis, cross-case comparisons are made to provide a more generalised understanding of knowledge creation processes and the factors which impact on the nature of the knowledge produced. The findings indicate a link between the creation of knowledge in the three schools and a re-imaging of teachers’ work.

<p>Project management has become a natural way of conducting activities in companies.  The goal is continuous improvement in project performance.  The way knowledge is managed in the company is crucial for gaining competitive advantage.  Knowledge management and learning, has been recognized by academics and practitioners as important to achieving success and improvement in projects.</p><p> </p><p>Achieving continuous improvement is considered a difficult task.  The difficulty lies in capturing and storing the knowledge and learning from one individual to another and from one project to another.  In this study the researcher has reviewed the mechanisms and processes from recent research which are supposed to facilitate knowledge transfer and learning.  Nevertheless, the academic and practitioner researchers do not seem to have a common ground on how to facilitate knowledge transfer and learning, even though there are many mechanisms and processes suggested.  Their results are not concurrent in effective and efficient facilitation of knowledge and learning.</p><p>The researcher has conducted a qualitative case study through seven interviews.  The empirical study was done in a Company X which provides air traffic services.  It shows that some of the practices institutionalized by Case Company X are different from what the literature suggests.  Moreover, the environment wherein these mechanisms and processes co-exist is particular from what the literature suggests.  A learning landscape of Case Company X is identified based on the empirical data.  Recommendations and suggestions are provided in the end to increase knowledge transfer and improve learning in and between projects at Case Company X.</p>

<p>Background: Though small enterprises are regarded as engine for the modern economy, they are not pioneers when it comes to implementing new advances like tacit knowledge transfer procedures. Tacit knowledge is often referred as skill, know-how and expertise which are embedded in each individual in an organization. The critical skills and competences of employees are intangible assets and firms’ intellectual resources. In this context, the tacit dimension of knowledge is potentially important to be transferred among individuals, either in tacit or explicit form, to build the core capabilities of small enterprises.</p><p>Problem Discussion: The existent Knowledge Management (KM) research has been mainly focused on big companies, providing little information for small enterprises. Authors believe the lack of attention that those small enterprises are putting on the strategic management of their knowledge is worrying. Tacit knowledge is one of the less explored areas within KM due to the difficulty to codify, formulate or express it. Despite this fact, it is perceived as “some kind of Holy Grail that will enable magnificent things to happen as soon as the codes of tacit knowledge have been deciphered”.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the transference of tacit knowledge among individuals within small segment of small enterprises.</p><p>Method: To gather the information pertaining to tacit knowledge transfer in the small segment of small enterprises, authors have performed a qualitative and explanatory research by conducting several interviews with two small companies.</p><p>Result: Tacit to tacit knowledge transfer has been identified as more relevant than tacit to explicit conversion in the small segment of small enterprises. Therefore the main drivers of the transference of tacit knowledge are learning at personal level and common culture. Time, cost and distance have been recognized as major problems for small enterprises when transferring tacit knowledge.</p>

<p>Klinisk blick är en term som frekvent återkommer under sjuksköterskeutbildningen och i klinisk verksamhet. Den återfinns ofta i samband med klinisk bedömning och som</p><p>en övergripande beskrivning av en patient. Endast antydda betydelser har framkommit och då tätt knutna till andra termer och processer. Syftet med studien var att</p><p>undersöka komponenterna intuition och tyst kunskap som delar i sjuksköterskans kliniska blick. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 17 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades. Resultatet visar att intuition och tyst kunskap är huvudkomponenter i sjuksköterskans kliniska blick. Intuition verkar som en länk mellan kognitiva, affektiva och perceptuella processer. Tyst kunskap sammanbinder intuition och teoretisk kunskap. Intuition och tyst kunskap utvecklas över tid och baseras på personlighet, erfarenhet och teoretisk kunskap. Förslag till vidare forskning är att försöka utveckla</p><p>och specificera termen och förstå de bakomliggande processerna bättre med syftet att utbilda och stödja sjuksköterskan i hennes professionella utveckling.</p>