Diese Arbeit untersucht, ob (i) das Ausmaß von conditional conservatism und (ii) die Prognosegenauigkeit sowie (iii) Persistenz der Erfolgsgrößen und Cash Flows durch unternehmensspezifische rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen wie die (i) Rechnungslegung, (ii) Kapitalmarktorientierung und (iii) Abschlussprüfung beeinflusst werden. Zum einen lässt sich im Rahmen der Analyse durch die Gegenüberstellung zweier Unternehmensgruppen die Implikationen der IFRS und des HGB und zum anderen aber auch die der Anreizsteuerung über die Agencybeziehungen des Unternehmens zu den Bilanzadressaten auf die Finanzberichterstattung der Unternehmen beschreiben. Es soll demnach explizit der Frage nachgegangen werden, ob diese Implikationen die Informationsfunktion der Finanzberichterstattung hinsichtlich einer Erhöhung der Earnings Quality unterstützen und somit eine weitere Regulierung dieser rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen sinnvoll erscheint. Es wird innerhalb dieser Arbeit zudem gezeigt, dass das Modell von Basu (1997) nicht für eine angemessene Persistenzmessung geeignet ist, sondern vielmehr die unit root-Spezifikationen von Dickey und Fuller (1979,1981) oder die Threshold-Modelle von Enders und Granger (1998) herangezogen werden sollten. Darüber hinaus wird eine Vielzahl von Spezifikationstests vorgestellt, die u.a. einen multivariaten Ansatz zur Outlierkorrektur und verschiedene Formen der Berücksichtigung von fixed effects in den Regressionen umfasst. Die Resultate der empirischen Untersuchung der deutschen Unternehmen sprechen für eine höhere Persistenz der Erfolgsgrößen der börsennotierten HGB-Bilanzierer sowohl im Vergleich mit den börsennotierten IFRS-Bilanzierern als auch mit den nicht börsennotierten Unternehmen. Conditional conservatism wird jeweils für jede Unternehmensgruppe, jedoch nicht im Verhältnis der Gruppen zueinander, nachgewiesen. Die Rechnungslegung, Kapitalmarktorientierung und Abschlussprüfung besitzen folglich keinen eindeutigen Einfluss auf das Ausmaß von conditional conservatism. Eine weitgehend fehlende Assoziation der drei getesteten rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen offenbart sich ebenfalls innerhalb der angewendeten Modelle zur Prognose des Cash Flows. Die die Zeitreiheneigenschaften der Erfolgsgrößen und Cash Flows determinierenden Faktoren sind dahingehend eher in der operativen Geschäftstätigkeit eines Unternehmens, bei anderen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen oder makroökonomischen Effekten wie der konjunkturellen Entwicklung zu suchen. In der Gegenüberstellung der verschiedenen ökonometrischen Methoden zeigt sich, dass vor allem die Hadi (1994)-Outlierkorrektur das R² erhöht und den Prognosefehler im Verhältnis zur in der Accounting-Literatur vorherrschenden Standardoutlierkorrektur senkt. Die unit root-Spezifikationen nach Dickey und Fuller (1979,1981) bieten im Vergleich zur Spezifikation von Basu (1997) ebenfalls höhere R² und geringere Prognosefehler. Des Weiteren weisen ökonometrische Modelle, welche die Implikationen von conditional conservatism berücksichtigen, jeweils bessere Resultate als Modelle ohne eine Integration dieser Komponente auf. Die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Spezifikationstests und alternativen Modelle führen somit durchweg zu einer Verbesserung der betrachteten Gütekriterien und sollten bei einer empirischen Analyse, insbesondere von Paneldaten, zukünftig in der Accounting-Literatur ihre Berücksichtigung finden. Wesentliche Abschnitte dieser Dissertation basieren auf den beiden folgenden Aufsätzen: "A Note on the Time Series Measure of Conservatism", CESifo Working Paper No. 2968, zusammen mit Frank Westermann und "Does the Introduction of IFRS Change the Timeliness of Loss Recognition? Evidence from German Firms", Institute of Empirical Economic Research Working Paper No. 87, zusammen mit Frank Westermann und Carl-Friedrich Leuschner.

In this thesis, I first investigate the relation between the aggregate unemployment rate and foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and outflows. To study this relationship, I use a panel data set that contains 45 (developed and developing) countries observed from 1987 through 2008, and I employ Arellano and Bonds generalized methods of moments (ABGMM) estimation method for dynamic panel data. My results show that FDI inflows and outflows are not determinants of the aggregate unemployment rate. In addition, in line with macroeconomic theory, the previous level of aggregate unemployment has a positive impact on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Again, as macroeconomic theory suggests, my results show that per capita real gross domestic product (RGDP) has a negative effect on the current level of aggregate unemployment. Second, I study the long-run relationship between exports and per capita gross domestic product (instrumented by total population) using a panel data set of 51 countries from 1970 through 2008. To study this relationship, I employ the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation method. I find that the percentage of exports in nominal gross domestic products (GDP) is sensitive to changes in the populations of host countries and, hence, to the changes in their GDP. In addition, my results show that the agreement on trade related investment measures increased the percentage of exports in the nominal GDP of developed host countries more than it did in developing host countries.

The Forest Resource Conservation and Shortage Relief Act of 1990 was the first federal attempt to impose a blanket restriction on export of roundwood to conserve existing forest cover and generate economic benefits from exporting processed wood. This study estimates the export demand equation for total export from United States Pacific Northwest, major species and destination countries using Johansen multivariate time series analysis. Cointegration rank is identified using Johansen cointegration test incorporating a structural breaks and normalized restriction is imposed to predict demand function under the framework of vector error correction model. All the variables under study are statistically significant with expected signs in the long run demand estimates. Roundwood export restriction policies are found to have impacted the export demand equation negatively. The study helps to understand the impact of log export restrictions policies along with other economic variables and assist in future policy formulations.

No description available.

本研究根據Phillips, Wu and Yu (2011)以及後續相關文獻所提出的檢測泡沫模型對台灣市場以及NASDAQ指數進行實證研究。本文使用的模型分別為PWY模型、PSY模型、Rolling Window ADF，以及我們參考PSY模型與Rolling Window ADF所建構出的Rolling Window BSADF。我們利用上述四種模型對NASDAQ指數進行泡沫檢測，以及在台灣上市公司股票中建構投資泡沫投資組合與不投資泡沫投資組合。實證結果顯示投資泡沫投資組合績效優於不投資泡沫投資組合，此結果與Guenster et al. (2009)相同，同時本研究所建構的Rolling Window BSADF在投資績效上優於另外三種模型；此外對NASDAQ指數的檢測發現Rolling Window BSADF 具有檢定結果獨立於起始點的選取與不受週期性泡沫破裂影響等優點，故綜合以上實證結果，Rolling Window BSADF 對於泡沫的檢測與建構泡沫投資組合的績效明顯優於另外三種模型。 / This paper used the bubble examination model according to Phillips, Wu and Yu (2011) and following papers to conduct empirical research on Taiwan market and NASDAQ index. The models used in this paper are PWY model, PSY model, Rolling Window ADF and Rolling Window BSADF that referred to the PSY model and the Rolling Window ADF. We tested NASDAQ index through the above models to test the bubbles, and constructed the portfolio of investing bubbles against not investing. The result shows that the portfolio of investing bubbles performs better than not investing bubbles, which is the same as the result of Guenster et al. (2009). In addition, the Rolling Window BSADF constructed by this paper are superior to the other three models on the performance of investment. Moreover, the examination of NASDAQ index finds that there are some advantages of Rolling Window BSADF including that the test result is independent of the selection of the initial point and not affected by the broken of cyclical bubbles and so on. To sum up, this paper concludes that the bubble examination and the construction of bubble investing portfolio of the Rolling Window BSADF are significantly better than the other three models.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo Lopes Ferreira Neves.pdf: 876030 bytes, checksum: ebd8ac9053f4046a164f293af7cbcae7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-06 / The dissertation examines the presence of bubble in real state prices between the years of 2004 until January 2014 in São Paulo - Brazil . The paper uses cointegration techniques of Johansen, and descriptive techniques suggested by Scheinkman. The dissertation confirms the hypothesis that interest rates intervention prospects affects the real state prices and rentals , as the results demonstrate that real state market is sensitive and responds negatively to a potential incremental percentage in interest rates. Beyond this result , as there is cointegration between real state price and rental with the interest rate, and an adjustment of supply accordantly to demand by real state companies , there is no evidence of bubble in real state prices . / A dissertação analisa a presença de bolha nos preços dos imóveis residenciais entre os anos de janeiro de 2004 até janeiro de 2014, na cidade de São Paulo. O trabalho utiliza as técnicas de cointegração de Johansen, e as técnicas descritivas sugeridas por Scheinkman . A dissertação confirma a hipótese de que as perspectivas de intervenções na taxa de juros afetam os preços e o aluguel dos imóveis, ao concluir que o mercado imobiliário é sensível e responde negativamente a uma possibilidade de aumento na taxa de juros. Além desse fato, como há cointegração entre preço e aluguel dos imóveis com a taxa de juros, e um ajustamento de oferta a demanda pelas construtoras, não há evidencia de bolha nos preços imobiliários residenciais.

時間序列中對於模式階數的選取，一直是重要的課題。從過去文獻研究得 知，大多數的討論都局限於平穩的模式。然而近年來，非平穩型序列逐漸 成為各學者研究的方向。因此，一個能協助研究者適當處理資料的方法， 如採取適當的單位根檢定，是進行實證分析時所必需採行的程序。在本篇 文章中我們是採用單位根檢定來決定差分階數，然後再結合 Pukkila et al.(1990)所提出的選模方法決定p、q的階數(簡稱PKK選模法)經由本文模 擬結果所得之結論為當序列為平穩型時，直接用PKK選模法來進行階數的 選取，能得到較強的選模能力 。但當序列為非平穩型時，則建議先以單 位根檢定來決定差分階數，再佐以PKK選模法決定p、q階數。

Popularity of nonlinear threshold models and unit root tests has increased after the recent empirical studies concerning the effects of business cycles on macroeconomic data. These studies have shown that an economic variable may react differently in response to downturns and recoveries in a business cycle. Inspiring from empirical results, this thesis investigates dynamics of Turkish key macroeconomic data, namely capacity utilization rate, growth of import and export volume indices, growth of gross domestic product, interest rate for cash loans in Turkish Liras and growth of industrial production index. Estimation results imply that capacity utilization rate and growth of industrial production index show M-TAR type nonlinear stationary behavior according to the unit root test proposed by Enders and Granger (1998).

This paper will employ unit root tests for finding structural breaks endogenously among India’s key macroeconomic aggregate series, as well as their components and subcomponents. The same analysis will be repeated, wherever data are available, for states. The results from these unit root tests will then be used in regression models for national and state level data to understand the causes behind structural breaks. We find that breakpoints cluster around 1982 and 2003 for most series at the national and state level. The services component appears to be a promising candidate for explaining the 2003 structural break in some of the series.

Ghana faces a macroeconomic problem of inflation for a long period of time. The problem in somehow slows the economic growth in this country. As we all know, inflation is one of the major economic challenges facing most countries in the world especially those in African including Ghana. Therefore, forecasting inflation rates in Ghana becomes very important for its government to design economic strategies or effective monetary policies to combat any unexpected high inflation in this country. This paper studies seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model to forecast inflation rates in Ghana. Using monthly inflation data from July 1991 to December 2009, we find that ARIMA (1,1,1)(0,0,1)12 can represent the data behavior of inflation rate in Ghana well. Based on the selected model, we forecast seven (7) months inflation rates of Ghana outside the sample period (i.e. from January 2010 to July 2010). The observed inflation rate from January to April which was published by Ghana Statistical Service Department fall within the 95% confidence interval obtained from the designed model. The forecasted results show a decreasing pattern and a turning point of Ghana inflation in the month of July.