Thèse--Upsala. / "Bibliographie": p. 277-294.

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Notre thèse se veut une étude du rapport entre la grammaire et la lexicographie généraliste française, de 1789 à 1914. Le choix de cette période s’explique par certains aspects novateurs de la lexicographie de l’époque : entre autres, « démocratisation » du rôle du dictionnaire, approbation de la Loi Guizot en 1833 (enseignement primaire gratuit), publication de grands ouvrages (Littré, Grand Larousse). Sans avoir la prétention de retrouver une grammaire complète à l’intérieur d’un dictionnaire, nous nous sommes proposé de vérifier s’il est possible d’élaborer une « grammaire du verbe » (hypothèse initiale). Nous avons donc mené une recherche globale et systématique de tous les mots qui, directement ou indirectement, pouvaient se rapporter au sujet de notre étude ; nous avons analysé les dictionnaires en accordant une attention particulière à la microstructure, mais sans oublier d’étudier soigneusement les annexes grammaticales (avec ou sans tables verbales), qui ne sont présentes que dans les premiers dictionnaires analysés. Par le biais de tableaux comparatifs, nous avons considéré tout aspect concernant le verbe (typologies, modifications, formations des temps, etc.), en soulignant à chaque fois les analogies et les différences entre les dictionnaires eux-mêmes et les grammaires de référence (Port-Royal, Beauzée e Lhomond). La nouveauté de ce travail consiste en une recherche sur le verbe menée à partir d’ouvrages lexicographiques, et non de grammaires. Les dictionnaires du corpus nous ont permis de vérifier l’hypothèse initiale, en particulier le Bescherelle, le La Châtre et le Grand Larousse. Nous avons cité à plusieurs reprises ces trois ouvrages en les regroupant comme un « trio » présentant une microstructure très riche. Il suffit de consulter les articles consacrés à « verbe », « conjugaison », « mode », etc., pour se rendre compte que nous y retrouvons, de façon plus ou moins « cachée », des extraits de grammaire : les articles foisonnent en exemples, mais aussi en précis didactiques. / Our thesis aims to investigate the relationship between grammar and French general lexicography between 1789 and 1914. The choice of this period is related to some innovative lexicographical aspects, such as the "democratization" of the dictionary’s role, the approval of the Guizot Law in 1833 (focusing on free primary school) and the publication of major works such as the Littré and the Grand Larousse. Without claiming to find a full grammar in a dictionary, we wanted to see if we could elaborate a "grammar of the verb" (starting hypothesis). Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic research for all words which, directly or indirectly, could relate to the subject matter; we analyzed the dictionaries, with a main focus on microstructure, but without forgetting to study the grammatical attachments (with or without verbal tables), which are included only in the first dictionaries of our corpus. By comparative tables, we took into account all aspects that affect the verb (types, modifications, tense formations, etc.), focusing on similarities and differences between the dictionaries themselves and the reference grammars (Port-Royal, Beauzée and Lhomond). The innovation of this work lies in a research on the verb starting from lexicographical works, not grammars. All the corpus’ dictionaries allowed us to verify the starting hypothesis; in particular, the most complete were the Bescherelle, the La Châtre and the Grand Larousse. We have mentioned these three works several times by grouping them as a "trio" with a very rich microstructure. In fact, by examining the articles dedicated to "verbe", "conjugaison" or "mode", we will find, in a more or less hidden way, true grammar extracts: articles contain many examples, but also educational recommendations.

The thesis deals with the verbal periphrases. We investigated the frequency of their use in contemporary Spanish literature- in prose. The thesis consists of three main parts. The first part examines the definition of auxiliary verbs, indefinite verb forms, passive, and aspect of Czech and Spanish linguists. We also examined how periphrases are presented in Czech and Spanish textbooks of the Spanish language. Another part deals with the classification of the periphrases and their characteristics accompanied by examples of the analyzed works of M. Delibes. The final part is devoted to compare the results of our work with results of two academic works.

The objective of this dissertation is to test some major theories on the discourse function of the Greek indicative verb-forms in narrative. Since the publication of Stanley Porter and Buist Fanning’s doctoral dissertations, verbal aspect has been a major area of research among scholars. Although the debate and research concerning the aspect of Greek verbs continues to be at the forefront of Greek grammatical studies, the question that begs to be answered is whether their answers can satisfactorily account for the varied verb-forms throughout the entirety of a historical narrative. This dissertation seeks to answer this question by testing current proposals on the discourse function of Greek indicative verb-forms within the narrative of Judith. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis of the dissertation, surveys the literature related to Greek grammar, and discusses the need to focus on discourse grammar. Chapter 2 surveys the literature related to discourse grammar, provides a methodology, and discusses the rationale for the selection of the book of Judith. Chapter 3 tests the function of the aorist and the imperfect within the book of Judith. Specifically, it tests the proposal—unless intentionally marked, the aorist is used to describe mainline events, it provides the foundation for the narrative, and thus moves it forward. Whereas the imperfect is used with non-events, giving descriptive or background information, rather than moving it forward. Chapter 4 examines the function of the present within the narrative of Judith. Namely, it evaluates Runge’s rejection of Stanley Porter’s claim that the present indicative verb-form is semantically marked for prominence. Chapter 5 observes the function of the perfect within the narrative of Judith. Specifically, it evaluates the thesis—the perfect is used to show the relevance of the action, idea, or situation to the current discourse. Chapter 6 provides a concluding summary of each chapter in this dissertation and suggests areas for fruitful future research.

Neste trabalho, estudamos as estruturas em língua portuguesa em que ocorre a chamada indeterminação do sujeito. A partir da análise de textos publicados em jornais de grande circulação nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, analisamos as principais características, sintáticas, semânticas e discursivas da indeterminação do sujeito, diferençando-a da indeterminação do papel temático exercido pelo sujeito (de ordinário, agente). Ressalta-se a importância de analisar o verbo, com suas propriedades, para melhor apreciar o fenômeno da indeterminação. Levantamos as principais noções de sujeito e de indeterminação do sujeito, em diversos estudiosos da Língua Portuguesa. Cuidamos em compará-las e em verificar os critérios (sintáticos, semânticos, mórficos e discursivos) implicados na indeterminação do sujeito. Outrossim, buscamos em livros didáticos e em gramáticas escolares (Ensinos Fundamental e Médio) a forma como o assunto é introduzido, as definições, os exercícios, etc, de forma a podermos compará-las e refletir sobre elas / In this work, we study the structures in Portuguese language where occurs the so called indetermination of the subject. From the analysis of texts published in periodicals of great circulation in the states of Rio De Janeiro and São Paulo, we analyse the main syntactic, semantic and discoursive characteristics of the indetermination of the subject, distinguishing it from the semantic role played by the subject (usually, agent). We emphasize the importance of analysing the verb and its properties to give a better account of the phenomenon of indetermination. We search the main concepts of subject and 'indetermination of the subject' in several scholars works on Portuguese. We compare them and verify the criteria (syntactic, semantic, morphological and discoursive) implied in the expression 'indetermination of subject'. Besides, we search in schoolbooks and grammars how the subject is introduced, its definitions, the exercises etc., in order to be able to compare them and to reflect on them

Neste trabalho é feito um estudo dos aspectos do verbo no livro dos Salmos, considerando seus valores semântico-sintáticos. Para este fim, considera-se a evolução dos estudos da linguagem, fundamentado em Hermann Paul (1970); o desenvolvimento da ciência das significações através do trabalho de Bréal (1925) e enriquecido pela perspectiva de Marques (2001); a evolução da Linguística por meio do estruturalismo fundamentado em Ferdinand de Saussure e Leonor de Bloomfield, e do gerativismo de Noam Chomsky. Focaliza-se a dimensão textual discursiva com a função de realizar formulações sobre o verbo e articular relação entre teoria do texto e do discurso segundo a perspectiva de Travaglia (1991). Retrata-se a relação de significação que os verbos assumem no texto, embasado no estudo do aspecto segundo os pressupostos de Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) e Azeredo (2010). Para se estabelecer relações entre o aspecto verbal e a mensagem bíblica dos Salmos, fundamenta-se na visão semântica de Ilari (2001) e nos comentários semânticos e teológicos de Champlin (2000) / This paper is a study of verbal aspects in the book of Psalms, considering their semantic-syntactic value. To this end, the evolution in language studies is considered, based on Hermann Paul (1970); the development of the science of meaning through the work of Breal (1925), enriched by Marquess perspective (2001); the evolution of linguistics through structuralism based on the works of Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonor de Bloomfield and on Noam Chomskys generative grammar. We focus on the discoursive textual dimension to generate formulations about the verb and articulate a relation between the theory of text and discourse according to Travaglias perspective (1991). The study portrays the relations of meaning that verbs take on inside the text, based on the study of aspect according to the assumptions of Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) and Azeredo (2010). To establish relations between verbal aspect and the biblical message of the Psalms, the study draws on Ilaris semantic foundations (2001), and on the semantic and theological commentary in Champlin (2000)

L'acquisition de connaissances relatives aux constructions verbales est une question importante pour le traitement automatique des langues, mais aussi pour la lexicographie qui vise à documenter les nouveaux usages linguistiques. Cette tâche pose de nombreux enjeux, techniques et théoriques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement à deux aspects fondamentaux de la description du verbe : la notion d'entrée lexicale et la distinction entre arguments et circonstants. A la suite de précédentes études en traitement automatique des langues et en linguistique nous faisons l'hypothèse qu’il n’y a pas de distinction marquée entre homonymes et quasi-synonymes ; de même, nous posons qu’il existe un continuum entre arguments et circonstants. Nous proposons une chaîne de traitement complète pour l'acquisition de schémas prédicatifs verbaux en japonais à partir d'un corpus non étiqueté de textes journalistiques. Cette chaîne de traitement intègre la notion d'argumentalité au processus de création des entrées lexicales et met en œuvre une modélisation de ces deux continuums. La ressource produite a fait l'objet d'une évaluation comparative qualitative, qui a permis de mettre en évidence la difficulté des ressources linguistiques à décrire de nouvelles données, plaidant par là même pour une lexicologie s'inscrivant dans le cadre épistémologique de la linguistique de corpus. / Lexical knowledge acquisition of verbal constructions is an important issue for natural language processing as well as lexicography, which aims at referencing emerging linguistic usages. Such a task implies numerous challenges, technical as well as theoretical. In this thesis, we had a closer look at two fundamental aspects of the description of the verb: the notion of lexical item and the distinction between arguments and adjuncts. Following up on studies in natural language processing and linguistics, we embrace the hypothesis that there is no clear distinction between homonyms and quasi-synonyms, and the hypothesis of a continuum between arguments and adjuncts. We provide a complete approach to lexical knowledge acquisition of verbal constructions from an untagged news corpus. The acquisition process makes use of the notion of argumenthood, and builds models of the two continuums. Our lexicon has been evaluated on a qualitative and comparative basis. Siding with lexicography anchored in the theoretical framework of corpus linguistics, we show the difficulty of using lexical resources to describe as yet unseen data.

Neste trabalho, estudamos as estruturas em língua portuguesa em que ocorre a chamada indeterminação do sujeito. A partir da análise de textos publicados em jornais de grande circulação nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, analisamos as principais características, sintáticas, semânticas e discursivas da indeterminação do sujeito, diferençando-a da indeterminação do papel temático exercido pelo sujeito (de ordinário, agente). Ressalta-se a importância de analisar o verbo, com suas propriedades, para melhor apreciar o fenômeno da indeterminação. Levantamos as principais noções de sujeito e de indeterminação do sujeito, em diversos estudiosos da Língua Portuguesa. Cuidamos em compará-las e em verificar os critérios (sintáticos, semânticos, mórficos e discursivos) implicados na indeterminação do sujeito. Outrossim, buscamos em livros didáticos e em gramáticas escolares (Ensinos Fundamental e Médio) a forma como o assunto é introduzido, as definições, os exercícios, etc, de forma a podermos compará-las e refletir sobre elas / In this work, we study the structures in Portuguese language where occurs the so called indetermination of the subject. From the analysis of texts published in periodicals of great circulation in the states of Rio De Janeiro and São Paulo, we analyse the main syntactic, semantic and discoursive characteristics of the indetermination of the subject, distinguishing it from the semantic role played by the subject (usually, agent). We emphasize the importance of analysing the verb and its properties to give a better account of the phenomenon of indetermination. We search the main concepts of subject and 'indetermination of the subject' in several scholars works on Portuguese. We compare them and verify the criteria (syntactic, semantic, morphological and discoursive) implied in the expression 'indetermination of subject'. Besides, we search in schoolbooks and grammars how the subject is introduced, its definitions, the exercises etc., in order to be able to compare them and to reflect on them

Neste trabalho é feito um estudo dos aspectos do verbo no livro dos Salmos, considerando seus valores semântico-sintáticos. Para este fim, considera-se a evolução dos estudos da linguagem, fundamentado em Hermann Paul (1970); o desenvolvimento da ciência das significações através do trabalho de Bréal (1925) e enriquecido pela perspectiva de Marques (2001); a evolução da Linguística por meio do estruturalismo fundamentado em Ferdinand de Saussure e Leonor de Bloomfield, e do gerativismo de Noam Chomsky. Focaliza-se a dimensão textual discursiva com a função de realizar formulações sobre o verbo e articular relação entre teoria do texto e do discurso segundo a perspectiva de Travaglia (1991). Retrata-se a relação de significação que os verbos assumem no texto, embasado no estudo do aspecto segundo os pressupostos de Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) e Azeredo (2010). Para se estabelecer relações entre o aspecto verbal e a mensagem bíblica dos Salmos, fundamenta-se na visão semântica de Ilari (2001) e nos comentários semânticos e teológicos de Champlin (2000) / This paper is a study of verbal aspects in the book of Psalms, considering their semantic-syntactic value. To this end, the evolution in language studies is considered, based on Hermann Paul (1970); the development of the science of meaning through the work of Breal (1925), enriched by Marquess perspective (2001); the evolution of linguistics through structuralism based on the works of Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonor de Bloomfield and on Noam Chomskys generative grammar. We focus on the discoursive textual dimension to generate formulations about the verb and articulate a relation between the theory of text and discourse according to Travaglias perspective (1991). The study portrays the relations of meaning that verbs take on inside the text, based on the study of aspect according to the assumptions of Castilho (1968), Travaglia (1986, 1991) and Azeredo (2010). To establish relations between verbal aspect and the biblical message of the Psalms, the study draws on Ilaris semantic foundations (2001), and on the semantic and theological commentary in Champlin (2000)