The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

The role of the first violinist in a professional symphony orchestra is rarely only to perform. The position of concertmaster, at the professional level, generally constitutes a wide range of responsibilities and activities, not necessarily restricted to the realm of music-making. The present research utilized interviews with five concertmasters of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in order to respond to the following questions: What is the role of the professional concertmaster? What musical and educational experiences defined the paths of current professional concertmasters in Brazil? What is the scope of their responsibilities as concertmaster? Lastly, what are the expectations of these concertmasters for the future of their own careers, of their Orchestras and of professional Brazilian symphony orchestras in general? After a systematic categorization, twenty-eight professional Brazilian symphony orchestras were identified. The concertmasters of fifteen of these twenty-eight orchestras were contacted with an invitation to participate in a recorded interview. Ultimately, the invitation was accepted by two current and three former professional concertmasters. Analysis of the information gathered through the interviews was further expanded by an investigation into the careers of 16 additional professional concertmasters from various countries who were cited in the present research but not personally interviewed. Several trends were revealed within the life paths and professional perspectives of the concertmasters. Of the five concertmasters interviewed in Brazil, four received musical training outside of South America during their formative years. All five serve or served as music educators in addition to their orchestral work: three at the university level and two with younger students. Only one of the five interviewees passed through a strictly traditional audition process in order to assume the position of concertmaster. Of the 21 professional concertmasters about whom data was collected (including the five interviewees), at least sixteen held the position of concertmaster several times before assuming the role in a prominent orchestra. Five of the 21 concertmasters (including two of the five interviewees) eventually branched into the realm of symphonic conducting, while at least twelve of the 21 did not. Seventeen are or were employed as music professors at the university level. All 21 of the violinists cited within the present research performed solo and/or chamber music regularly throughout their orchestral careers. Ultimately, the interviewees emphasized the following four characteristics as the basic requirements of effective concertmastership at the professional level: (1) technical ability, (2) two-way respect of colleagues, (3) natural leadership/firmness, and (4) a supportive relationship with the conductor.

Desde seus primeiros concertos em 1953 até finais dos anos 1990, a Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo (Osesp) teve uma atuação marcada por grande volatilidade, patinando em contextos de precariedade. A inauguração em 1999 da Sala São Paulo, sede da Osesp, foi o principal marco da chamada reestruturação da orquestra e contribuiu de maneira definitiva para a conquista de estabilidade e excelência artística em padrões ainda não vistos no país. Nos anos seguintes, a atuação da Osesp veio a ter grande impacto no adensamento da atividade sinfônica no Brasil. Esta tese procura identificar os principais conflitos e impasses que se colocaram durante esse processo, analisando o comportamento dos agentes nele envolvidos. Proponho que a principal força discursiva no lançamento da Sala São Paulo tem origem na dissonância entre um projeto de nível internacional no campo da música clássica e a carga simbólica de degradação do bairro da Luz. A instalação da Osesp na Sala São Paulo foi anunciada como um instrumento de transformação urbana, mas a difícil consolidação de seu projeto de estabilidade e excelência implicou o relativo insulamento da orquestra e o enfraquecimento de uma vocação mais democrática. / Since its first concerts in 1953 until the late 1990s, the activities of the São Paulo State Symphony Orchestra (Osesp) have been characterized by a great deal of volatility, precariously skating on thin ice. The inauguration in 1999 of the Sala São Paulo concert hall, the Osesps headquarters, was the landmark moment in the so-called restructuring of the orchestra, and definitively contributed to the cementing of its permanence and artistic excellence at a level hitherto unseen in Brazil. In the years that followed, the Osesp has had a great impact on the consolidation of the symphonic tradition in Brazil. This thesis seeks to identify the principal conflicts and impasses that have arisen during this process, analysing the behaviour of the parties involved. I propose that the main discursive force during the launch of the Sala São Paulo concert hall stemmed from the dissonance between a project of international standing in the field of classical music and the symbolic burden of the degradation of the Luz district of the city of São Paulo. The announcement that the Osesp would be based in the Sala São Paulo was an urban regeneration strategy but the difficulties of consolidating the orchestras permanence and excellence involved the relative isolation of the orchestra and the undermining of a more democratic project.

The objective of this thesis is to explain how Dmitrii Shostakovich used Yevgeny Yevtushenko's poetry to create the Thirteenth Symphony. This collaboration between two arts, poetry and music, reflects more than just separate ideas. The five movements of the symphony bring to public conscience the political opinions of Shostakovich regarding life in the Soviet Union.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur dirigenter för symfoniorkester och storband använder olika tecken i sin kommunikation samt att se om det fanns tydliga likheter och skillnader mellan de olika orkesterformerna. I studien har ett socialsemiotiskt och multimodalt perspektiv använts. Dirigenterna har analyserats utifrån bland annat vilka teckensystem de använder i sin kommunikation med musikerna. Videoobservation har använts som metod och materialet har tagits från siten www.youtube.com Urvalet har bestått i inspelningar av världskända professionella dirigenter som dirigerar professionella orkestrar, några av de bästa inom sitt fält. Resultatet påvisar att dirigenterna ofta använder många teckensystem simultant. Dirigenterna använder en del gemensamma tecken men även många personliga tecken för sin kommunikation. Det framkom vissa skillnader mellan genrerna men då resultaten även skiljde sig mellan dirigenterna inom samma genre krävs mer studier för att ge ett slutgiltigt resultat. Överlag behövs fler studier på dirigering inom storbandsorkester. / The aim of this study was to investigate how conductors representing two different orchestral traditions - the symphony orchestra and big band- use different signs for communication and to explore whether there are any clear differences and similarities between them. Throughout the analysis, a social semiotic and multimodal perspective was applied. The conductors have been analysed by which signs they use when communicating with the musicians. Video observation was used as a method and the material has been retrieved from www.youtube.com. The selection contains recordings of professional and world-famous conductors, working with world renowned orchestras. The result of the study seems to reveal that the conductors utilize and communicate with many sign systems simultaneously and that they use mutual signs as well as personal signs when communicating. There were differences between the two genres but also between conductors within the same genre so further studies are needed to establish a more thorough conclusion. Overall, there is a need for further and larger studies regarding big band orchestras.

Alle Symphonien Schostakowitschs wurden in dem Schostakowitsch-Zyklus 2003 - 2006 des Beethoven-Orchesters Bonn unter seinem GMD Roman Kofman zur Aufführung gebracht und bildeten den thematischen Schwerpunkt eines in diesen Rahmen eingebundenen Symposions.

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