The history of Banu Umayya has since the collapse of the caliphate occupied a major part in Islamic historiography. The present thesis analyses the presentation of the Umayyads in Ibn Khaldun’s al-Muqaddima and its relation to previous historical traditions. The thesis examines the social and intellectual context in which Ibn Khaldun stood and how it is represented in his historiography, while also providing an overview of the various socio-political, intellectual and historiographical developments in Islam. The theoretical perspectives are based on the concept of agency, examining the intellectual room for manoeuvre that the historian disposed of while composing the works. The relation between the past-as-history and the historical past is emphasised and analysed by examination of narrative arrangements and content in relation to the historians’ contexts. Rather than viewing Ibn Khaldun as an exception, the study clarifies his contextual representativity by analysing his views on the Umayyads. The thesis also discusses the historiographical significance of the Umayyad history for the later development of Islam, while thereby attempting to open the field of research regarding the Umayyad history and its importance as self-definitions among later movements, historians and traditions of Islam.

Ce travail est une édition critique et une traduction annotée en français d’un extrait du Mir’ât al-zamân fî tawârîh al-a‘yân (Miroir du temps dans les histoires des notabilités) de Sibt Ibn al-Gawzî (m. 654 / 1257). L’auteur était un célèbre sermonnaire originaire d’Iraq qui vécut la majeure partie de sa vie en Syrie à l'époque des Croisades. Son œuvre est une vaste histoire universelle qui allait de la Création à l’année de son décès. L’extrait édité porte sur les années 412 à 434/ 1021-1043, qui correspondent dans l’histoire de l’Iraq aux règnes de Musharrif al-Dawla et Galàl al-Dawla, deux émirs de la dynastie iranienne bouyide qui gouverna le pays entre 945 et 1055. Il comporte également de nombreuses informations sur d’autres régions du monde arabo-islamique de l‘époque : Ghazna, l’Egypte, la Syrie, l’Iran, et la Haute-Mésopotamie. Les textes de l‘édition et de la traduction sont en outre précédés d’une biographie actualisée de l’auteur et d’une étude sur les manuscrits du Mir’ât al-zamân en général : en effet, ceux-ci ne reproduisent pas la version originale de l’auteur, qui ne nous est pas parvenue, mais plusieurs abrégés distincts dont les auteurs sont encore, pour la plupart, non identifiés. L’édition s’appuie sur les deux principales versions abrégées existantes de cette œuvre, une courte, déjà éditée mais de manière incomplète et donc révisée ici, et une longue, à ce jour inédite. / This work is a critical edition and a French translation of a part extracted from the Mir’at al-zamân fi tawârikh al-a‘yan (Mirror of the time in the histories of notabilities) of Sibt Ibn al-Gawzi (d. 654/1257). The author was a famous preacher of Iraqi origin and lived the major part of his life in Syria during the Crusades' times. His work is a universal history going back to the Creation down to the author’s death. The edited part deals with the years 412 to 434 / 1021-1043, corresponding in the history of Iraq to the reigns of Musharrif al-Dawla and Galal al-Dawla, two emirs of the Buyid dynasty who rule the country between 945 and 1055. It also contains information about other parts of the Arabic and Islamic world of that time: Ghazna, Egypt, Syria, Iran, and Upper-Mesopotamia. The edition and the French translation are preceded by an up to date biography of the author and a wide study about the Mir’at al-zamân’s manuscripts. The original version of Sibt Ibn al-Gawzi’s work indeed didn’t come down to us and the manuscripts only usually reproduce different abridged versions whose authors are still mostly unknown to us. Our edition provides for this part of the work the two extent abridged versions, one short which has already been edited but in an incomplete way and had to be revised, and one long which is here edited for the first time.

Les mécanismes de formation de phases dans des films minces du système ternaire Al-Cu-Fe et des systèmes binaires Al-Cu, Al-Fe et Cu-Fe ont été étudiés. Dans chacun des systèmes, plusieurs échantillons avec des compositions distinctes ont été préparés par pulvérisation cathodique. Des couches d’aluminium, de cuivre et de fer ont été déposées séquentiellement sur des substrats de silicium oxydé et ont été traités thermiquement par différentes méthodes puis caractérisés. Des mesures de diffraction de rayons X et de résistivité in-situ ont été effectuées pour suivre la formation des phases. Des recuits thermiques suivis de trempe ont été réalisés et les échantillons ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X. L’analyse enthalpique différentielle a également été utilisée ainsi que des mesures simultanées in-situ de résistivité et de diffraction des rayons X. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus nous a permis de proposer des mécanismes de formation de phases pour chacun des échantillons étudiés et en utilisant des modèles théoriques de croissance de phases nous avons pu déterminer des données cinétiques sur la formation de phases dans ces films. / The mechanisms of phase formation in thin films have been studied in the Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Fe-Cu and Al-Cu-Fe systems. Several samples with different compositions have been prepared by sputtering. Aluminium, copper and iron layers were deposited onto oxidized silicon substrates, they were heat treated and characterized by using several techniques. In situ X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements were used to follow the phase formation. Thermal annealings followed by quenching have also been carried out to get additional information.Differential Scanning Calorimetry and coupled in-situ resistivity and X-ray diffractionmeasurements were performed. The whole results allowed us to suggest a mechanism of phase formation for each sample and by using theoretical models of growth we determined kinetic data on the phase formation.

This work analyzes the occupations of the public space in the contemporary urban experience. It is intended to argue the complexity of the relations that involve the existence of the Points on the perspective of the churrasquinho hawker, category that grew more in the city of Maceió, having as empiricist referential the spaces occupied by this trader. Considering the creative practices of appropriation that they exert, either in the places chosen for their work, either in the different way how they appropriate is what it is intended to determine: a) how the Point, place of reinforcement of the human activity, can contribute for the dynamics of the public spaces of the at present cities; b) what are the determinant factors in the process of selecting the trade point used by the hawker in their occupations; c) which localities are likely to the appropriated for this stratum of the population; d) how the appropriation of these spaces configures; e) which is the urban importance of the recognition of this category. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / Este trabalho analisa as ocupações do espaço público na experiência urbana contemporânea. Pretende-se discutir a complexidade das relações que envolvem o surgimento dos Pontos sobre o prisma do ambulante do churrasquinho, categoria ambulante que mais cresceu na cidade de Maceió. Tendo como referencial empírico os espaços ocupados por este comerciante e considerando as práticas criativas de apropriação que eles exercem, seja nos locais escolhidos para seu trabalho, seja no modo variado como se apropriam é que se pretende determinar: a) como o Ponto, lugar de concentração da atividade humana, pode contribuir para a dinâmica dos espaços Públicos das cidades atuais; b) quais os fatores determinantes para o processo de escolha dos Pontos de comércio utilizados pelos ambulantes em suas ocupações; c) quais localidades são passíveis de serem apropriadas por esta camada da população; d) como se configura a apropriação destes espaços; e) qual a importância urbana do reconhecimento desta categoria.

Le multi-colaminage est connu pour pouvoir créer des composites ayant une résistance mécanique améliorée et coupler les bonnes propriétés des deux métaux utilisés. L’étude s’est focalisée sur l’élaboration à froid et à chaud de deux composites fonctionnels à base d’aluminium : Al6061/ Al5754 et Al6061/Acier IF. Sur le premier composite, une comparaison a été faite entre le procédé classique et le multi-colaminage croisé, où la direction de laminage est tournée de 90° entre chaque passe. Ce dernier s’est avéré plus apte à hyperdéformer et donc à améliorer la résistance mécanique à température ambiante alors qu’une élaboration à chaud limite cette augmentation par rapport au procédé classique. Au niveau de l’architecture des composites, une réalisation à l’ambiante strictionne puis fractionne la phase dure occasionnant une chute de la résistance mécanique pour le second composite, tandis qu’une réalisation en température conserve la stratification et permet la disparition des interfaces pour le premier composite et l’apparition d’intermétalliques pour le second. Enfin, le composite Al6061/Al5754 s’est montré apte à résister à la fissuration à chaud tandis que le composite Al6061/Acier IF est capable de blinder magnétiquement. / The Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB), consisting in a repetition of roll bonding, is known as a suitable process to work out composite with tailored properties and higher mechanical strength. The present study aimed to develop two functional composites at room and hot temperatures: AA6061/AA5754 and AA6061/IF steel. The first one was developed with both ARB and Cross-ARB (CARB). The Cross-ARB changes the rolling direction by 90° between each pass. As a result, the second process showed higher strength at room temperature. A hotter temperature of process prevented a further enhancement of the strength. According to the temperature of the process, different architectures were obtained. Indeed, ARB at room temperature led to the necking then to the fragmentation of the hard phase and, as a consequence to the collapse of the strength of the composite AA6061/IF steel. The temperature preserved the stratification in the AA6061/AA5754 composite but favored the appearance of intermetallic phase in the AA6061/ IF steel composite. Eventually, the first composite was able to resist to the hot cracking while the second showed magnetic shielding effectiveness.

(in English): This master's thesis is based on analysis of the essential sources of the international organization Ḥizb al-taḥrīr providing focus on its concept of the caliphate which is compared to other international Islamist organizations that struggle for the restoration of the abolished caliphate.

Since the 1990s, Palestinian theatrical activities in the West Bank have expanded exponentially. As well as local productions, Palestinian theatre-makers have presented their work to international audiences on a scale unprecedented in Palestinian history. By tracing the history of the five major theatre companies (Al-Kasaba Theatre, Ashtar Theatre, Al-Harah Theatre, The Freedom Theatre and Al-Rowwad) currently working in the West Bank, this groundbreaking project examines the role of theatre-makers in the formation of ‘abject counterpublics’. By placing theories of abjection and counterpublic formation in conversation with each other, this dissertation argues that theatre in the West Bank has been regulated by processes of social abjection and, yet, it is an important site for counterpublic formation. In this way Palestinian theatre has played an integral role in the formation of an abject counterpublic, a discursive and performative space in which theatre-makers contest Zionist discourse and Israeli state practices. What tactics, I ask, do theatre-makers use to disrupt, subvert and/or bypass the Zionist public sphere? What counter-discourse emerges from this site? How is such a counter-discourse articulated in performance spaces? And how does Palestinian theatre, in the logistical sense, work against a dominant discourse of erasure as well as continue to operate under conditions of settler-colonialism? This dissertation is the first major account of Palestinian theatre covering the last thirty years. Taking the end of the first intifada (1993) as its point of departure, and using original field research and interviews, this project fills a major gap in our knowledge of contemporary Palestinian theatre in the West Bank up to the present. The original contribution of my research to the fields of theatre studies and Palestine studies are twofold. Firstly, Reuven Snir’s Palestinian Theatre (2005) is currently the only book-length study up to the end of the first intifada. Whereas Snir’s book is limited to archival sources, my arguments rest upon original fieldwork (interviews, participant observation, performance analysis and case studies) carried out in the West Bank in 2014 and 2015. As such, it provides a richer, bottom-up analysis of theatre-making. Secondly, by introducing the term abject counterpublics and by placing the voices of theatre-makers at the centre of its enquiry, this study broadens discussions on abjection and counterpublic formation in Palestine.

No presente trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre as ligas AA7050- T7451 e AA2050-T84, bem como entre as direções L-T e T-L para analisar o comportamento das ligas, quando submetidos à temperatura ambiente e criogênica. Para realizar a análise comparativa entre as ligas e entre as direções, foram utilizados corpos de prova tipo C(T) (Compacto Tension), pré-trincados em fadiga. A análise comportamental das ligas foram avaliadas através dos ensaios de tenacidade à fratura, KIC, Curva KR, fadiga, da/dN. A microestrutura foi caracterizada através da microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Foi observado que na direção L-T há uma maior resistência à propagação da trinca em relação à direção T-L, no que diz respeito à Curva KR, tanto para temperatura ambiente quanto para temperatura criogênica. Quando comparou-se as duas ligas na direção L-T em temperatura ambiente, ambas apresentaram um fator de intensidade de tensão similar. Os resultados dos ensaios de fadiga mostraram que a direção T-L é mais sensível à razão de carga. Analisando os resultados entre as direções L-T e T-L, observou-se que as duas ligas apresentaram comportamento anisotrópico. / A comparative study was made of the AA7050-T7451 and AA2050-T84 alloys and of the L-T and T-L directions to analyze the behavior of the alloys when subjected to room and cryogenic temperatures. The comparative analyses of the alloys and directions were performed using fatigue-precracked compact tension (CT) test specimens. The behavior of the alloys was analyzed based on fracture toughness, KIC, KR curve, fatigue, and da/dN tests. Their microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The KR curve indicated that resistance to crack propagation was higher in the L-T direction than in the T-L direction at both room and cryogenic temperatures. In a comparison of the two alloys in the L-T direction at room temperature, they were found to present a similar stress intensity factor. The results of the fatigue tests demonstrated that the T-L direction is more sensitive to the load ratio. An analysis of the results in the L-T and T-L directions indicated that the two alloys exhibited anisotropic behavior.

Chapter I of this study of the Arabian Ba'th Socialist Party discusses the evolution of Arab nationalism and concludes that Ba'th was a natural outcome of this evolution; two intellectuals supporting Arab nationalism were Party co-founders Michael Aflaq and Salah Bitar, Part One of Chapter II summarizes their lives to facilitate understanding of their thought and its impact on Ba'th; Part Two examines the Party's first convention (source of the Ba'th constitution), the reasons for it, and the necessity of establishing Ba'th; and Part Three outlines Ba'th ideology and organization. Chapter III analyzes Ba'th's promotion of Syrian-Egyptian union and that union's resultant adverse effect upon Party cohesiveness, The Conclusion discusses the groups into which Ba'th split after 1961 and their new interpretations of Ba'th ideology.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, May, 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.