The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the key technologies of Industry 4.0 thatwill be an integral part of future smart and sustainable production. The current constitutedmodels for estimating Quality of Experience (QoE) are mainly targeting the multimediasystems. Present models for evaluating QoE, specifically leveraged by the expensivesubjective tests, are not applicable for IIoT applications. This work triggers the discussionon defining the QoE domain for IIoT services and applications. Industry-specific KPIs areproposed to assure QoE by linking business and technology domains. Tele-remote miningmachines are considered as a case study for developing the QoE model by taking intoaccount key challenges in QoE domain. As a result, QoE layered model is proposed, whichas an outcome predicts the QoE of IIoT services and applications in a form of pre-definedIndustrial KPIs. Moreover, software tool and analytical model is proposed to be used as anevaluation method for certain traffic types in the developed model.

abstract: This work implements three switched mode power amplifier topologies namely inverse class-D (CMCD), push-pull class-E and inverse push-pull class-E, in a GaN-on-Si process for medium power level (5-10W) femto/pico-cells base-station applications. The presented power amplifiers address practical implementation design constraints and explore the fundamental performance limitations of switched-mode power amplifiers for cellular band. The designs are analyzed and compared with respect to non-idealities like finite on-resistance, finite-Q of inductors, bond-wire effects, input signal duty cycle, and supply and component variations. These architectures are designed for non-constant envelope inputs in the form of digitally modulated signals such as RFPWM, which undergo duty cycle variation. After comparing the three topologies, this work concludes that the inverse push-pull class-E power amplifier shows lower efficiency degradation at reduced duty cycles. For GaN based discrete power amplifiers which have less drain capacitance compared to GaAs or CMOS and where the switch loss is dominated by wire-bonds, an inverse push-pull class-E gives highest output power at highest efficiency. Push-pull class-E can give efficiencies comparable to inverse push-pull class-E in presence of bondwires on tuning the Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) network components but at a lower output power. Current-Mode Class-D (CMCD) is affected most by the presence of bondwires and gives least output power and efficiency compared to other two topologies. For systems dominated by drain capacitance loss or which has no bondwires, the CMCD and push-pull class-E gives better output power than inverse push-pull class-E. However, CMCD is more suitable for high breakdown voltage process. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015

abstract: With the new age Internet of Things (IoT) revolution, there is a need to connect a wide range of devices with varying throughput and performance requirements. In this thesis, a wireless system is proposed which is targeted towards very low power, delay insensitive IoT applications with low throughput requirements. The low cost receivers for such devices will have very low complexity, consume very less power and hence will run for several years. Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard developed and administered by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for high speed wireless communications for mobile devices. As a part of Release 13, another standard called narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) was introduced by 3GPP to serve the needs of IoT applications with low throughput requirements. Working along similar lines, this thesis proposes yet another LTE based solution called very narrowband IoT (VNB-IoT), which further reduces the complexity and power consumption of the user equipment (UE) while maintaining the base station (BS) architecture as defined in NB-IoT. In the downlink operation, the transmitter of the proposed system uses the NB-IoT resource block with each subcarrier modulated with data symbols intended for a different user. On the receiver side, each UE locks to a particular subcarrier frequency instead of the entire resource block and operates as a single carrier receiver. On the uplink, the system uses a single-tone transmission as specified in the NB-IoT standard. Performance of the proposed system is analyzed in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel followed by an analysis of the inter carrier interference (ICI). Relationship between the overall filter bandwidth and ICI is established towards the end. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2017

In order to keep up with the increasing demand on speed and reliability in modern wireless systems, new standards have to be introduced. By using Multiple Input Multiple Output technology (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technologies the performance can be increased dramatically. Forthcoming standards such as WLAN 802.11n, WiMax and 3GPP LTE are all taking advantage of MIMO technology. To perform realistic tests with these standards it is often not enough to run software simulations in for example Matlab. Instead, as many real world parameters as possible need to be included. This can be done using a testbed, like the LiUMIMO, that actually transmits and receives data through the air. The LiUMIMO is designed as a Software Defined Radio (SDR), only the RF front end and the data log are implemented in hardware, while all signal processing will be performed in Matlab.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / RESUMO Neste trabalho, foram feitas simulaÃÃes do transiente hidrÃulico com ventosas de duplo efeito aplicadas aos nÃs de maior cota, utilizando-se o software UFC6 produzido no Grupo de Estudos em HidrÃulica Computacional da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. As ventosas sÃo mecanismos de alÃvio do Golpe de ArÃete que trabalham expulsando o ar contido na tubulaÃÃo quando a carga piezomÃtrica cai abaixo da cota. Durante o escoamento transiente, a Ãgua transporta o ar contido na tubulaÃÃo, acumulando-o nos pontos mais altos de seu perfil. Tal fato acarreta no surgimento de cavidade que alÃm de reduzir a eficiÃncia do escoamento, provoca pressÃes negativas que podem levar a estrutura ao colapso. A condiÃÃo de contorno que modela o comportamento de uma ventosa à bastante complexa, resultando em uma equaÃÃo nÃo linear. Para resolver esta nÃo linearidade, aplicou-se o mÃtodo da aproximaÃÃo parabÃlica nos intervalos onde o ar escoa em regime subsÃnico. Este mÃtodo, alÃm de ser facilmente implementado, requer pouco esforÃo computacional. Apesar de serem bastante utilizadas na prÃtica, existem poucos estudos referentes ao assunto. Esta pesquisa visa contribuir para a divulgaÃÃo da hidrÃulica transiente como um todo. / ABSTRACT This work presents a computer simulation of the air valves of double effect in Hydraulics Transients in pipelines through the use of the computer code UFC6 developed in the Hydraulic Computational Laboratory (HCL) of the Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Air valves are devices designed to relief the effects of the water hammer phenomena throughout expelling air entrapped in the conduit. The boundary conditions applied for air valves is very complex and results in a non-linear equation. In order to solve this non linearity, it was used the parabolic approximation method in the intervals when air flows in subsonic regime. This method not only is easy to be implemented but also requires little computational effort. Though widely used, the subject of air valves and water hammer has few works published worldwide.

The evolution of 3G systems has contributed to a significant amount of progress towards 4th generation wireless technology, Long Term Evolution (LTE). On the other hand, demand for more bandwidth has been evidenced by the ever growing usage of real-time application such as video conference. For instance, users tend to have reliable and efficient connection when they are on the go maintaining the minimum quality of the video conference. In order to meet these challenges, QoS of LTE makes it an ideal solution. A simplified IP-based system architecture and introduction of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) have made LTE possible to satisfy its promise targets. In addition, LTE capabilities are further improved with enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) support for multiple data services, such as voice and other multimedia applications. LTE packet scheduling plays an essential role as part of LTE's Radio Resource Management (RRM) to enhance the system's data rate and to support the diverse QoS requirements of mobile services. LTE packet scheduler should intelligently allocate radio resources to mobile User Equipment’s (UEs) such that the LTE network adheres to its performance requirements. In our thesis work, we conduct a comprehensive performance evaluation of LTE scheduling algorithms for real-time application such as video conferencing traffic. The evaluation is carried out using the OPNET simulator. In order to analyze the performance LTE scheduling algorithm, our analysis involved with LTE Admission Control is two fold. First, 6 scenarios have been modeled in way that 3 of 6 scenarios deals with no LTE admission control techniques applied in the proposed network models while other 3 scenarios deals with LTE scheduling techniques applied. Secondly, video conferencing sessions are configured between two LTE cells with same number of UEs in which all UEs under each cell in the entire proposed network modeling scenarios. In order to make our evaluation more realistic we have applied various network loads so that we can observe how LTE scheduling techniques work its best in the case of highly loaded network. Our simulation results show that video conferencing node with the highest priority maintains tolerable delay and loss while nodes without scheduling techniques experience worst performance.

While inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) for the downlink and uplink of multi-cell systems (in general) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks (in particular) have been extensively studied, the study of the impact caused by inter-cell interference with video conferencing traffic has received less attention. The consideration of video conferencing traffic is essential for analyzing the overall performance analysis of inter-cell interference in LTE networks, and in particular for the evaluation of the video conferencing traffic. In LTE networks, the same frequencies can be used in several adjacent cells. This means that in practice every cell may have other cell nearby whose radio transmissions may interfere with the own signal. In this paper, we report a comprehensive analysis on the performance of video traffic considering the inter-cell interference impact in LTE network. The interference patterns are configured by using the OPNET simulator for a given set of parameters, such as cell configuration, user configurations, and traffic models. The interference pattern is used to study the performance of video conferencing traffic in LTE network for realistic deployments. We, present a detailed description of the way to model the network in OPNET platform considering the inter-cell interference. In order to use the suggested network model in OPNET platform three network scenarios are configured. They are fully overlapped, half overlapped and no frequency overlapping. These scenarios are configured in such a way to show how the video traffic is impacted when the network load increases. The thesis shows that the video conferencing traffic experiences more delay and loss when fully overlapped frequency is used in the adjacent cell on LTE network. / Moammed Nazmul Haider Chowdhury C/o,Huq M A Visattravagen 30 LGH 1010 Huddinge 14150 Mobile:+46760996255 Mob:

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the last step towards the 4th genera-tion of cellular networks. This revolution is necessitated by the un-ceasing increase in demand for high speed connection on LTE net-works. This thesis mainly focuses on performance evaluation of end-to end delay (E2E) for VoIP in the LTE networks. In the course of E2E performance evaluation, simulation approach is realized using simulation tool OPNET 16.0. Three scenarios have been created. The first one is the baseline network while among other two, one consists of VoIP traffic solely and the other consisted of FTP along with VoIP. E2E delay has been measured for both scenarios in various cases under the varying mobility speed of the node. Furthermore, packet loss for two network scenarios has been studied and presented in the same cases as for E2E delay measurement. Comparative performance analysis of the two networks has been done by the simulation output graphs. In light of the result analysis, the performance quality of a VoIP network (with and without the presence of additional network traffic) in LTE has been determined and discussed. The default parameters in OPNET 16.0 for LTE have been used during simulation.

Cellular networks are becoming more common, this introduces new challenges in dealing with their error prone nature. To improve end-to-end performance when the first link in the connection is wireless, an adaptive timeout based on network conditions is constructed. Relevant network factors are identified by examining data collected by a device located in a vehicle moving around in southern Sweden. Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) is shown to be the primary predictor of errors in the connection. In our datasets, a CQI index of 2 is a very good predictor of an error prone state. The collected data is split into training and evaluation data, the training data is used to construct a model. An adaptive timeout mechanism which uses this model is proposed, the mechanism is shown to be superior in all tested cases in the dataset compared to the optimal static counterpart. Reducing timeouts allows for applications to make new decisions based on new information faster, increasing responsiveness and user satisfaction.

In order to develop and secure the functionality of its cellular communications systems, Ericsson deals with numerous R&D and I&V activities. One important aspect is interoperability with mobile terminals from different vendors on the world market. Therefore Ericsson co-operates with mobile platform and user equipment manufacturers. These companies visit the interoperability developmental testing (IoDT) laboratories in Linköping to test their developmental products and prototypes in order to certify compliance with Ericsson's products. The knowledge exchange is mutual, Ericsson as well as the user equipment manufacturers benefit from the co-operation. The goal of this master's thesis performed at Ericsson AB is to suggest areas in which the IoDT testing can be automated in order to minimize time consuming and tedious work tasks. Primarily the search should be aimed at replacing manual tasks in use today. The thesis suggests a number of IoDT tasks that might be subject for automation. Among these one is chosen for implementation. The thesis also includes an implementation part. The task that has been chosen for implementation is the network verification after base station controller software upgrade procedure. This is not a core IoDT function but it implies a lot of work, and is often performed. The automation project is also supposed to act as a springboard for future automation within IoDT. The forthcoming LTE standard will require a lot of IoDT testing, and therefore the automation capabilities should be investigated. The thesis shows that automation work is possible, and that the startup process is straightforward. Existing tools are easy to use, and well supported. The network verification automated test scope has been successful.