Esta tese tem como assunto as mudanças nas concepções sobre a santidade no início da Idade Moderna e como os depoimentos dos Processos de Beatificação de Teresa de Jesus (que viveu entre 1515 e 1582, mas cujos inquéritos foram realizados entre 1590 e 1610) foram importantes e, de certa forma, canalizaram a construção de conhecimento a respeito de sua figura. A investigação tem três objetivos principais: observar os Processos de Beatificação e Canonização de Santa Teresa de Jesus como uma fonte para a História Social da Cultura Escrita, apresentando tal documento a partir de suas características materiais e de sua relação com os personagens que o construíram; compreender a circulação dos escritos de Santa Teresa entre as irmãs carmelitas descalças, a importância destas primeiras leitoras para a difusão das obras teresianas e como principais testemunhas dos processos; investigar a relação entre os escritos teresianos e a memória da escritora, considerando a ligação com os letrados, o incentivo dado pela Madre à cultura escrita nos novos conventos e as disputas por sua memória no seio da Ordem do Carmelo Descalço. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da análise de fontes originais e de algumas cópias dos processos que precederam a canonização de Santa Teresa, assim como de fontes bibliográficas diversas. Teresa de Jesus teve sua santidade reconhecida, principalmente, por seus escritos. Talvez mais do que os milagres descritos nas fontes, as obras teresianas foram utilizadas como prova de sua santidade e, portanto, determinantes para que a canonização fosse aceita pela Igreja Católica. / This thesis has as subject the changes of the conceptions of holiness in the Early Modern period and how the Process of Beatification of Teresa of Jesus’ (who lived between 1515 and 1582, but whose surveys were conducted between 1590 and 1610) testimonies were important and, somehow, canalized the construction of knowledge about her figure. The research has three main objectives: to observe the Process of Beatification and Canonization of St. Teresa of Jesus as a source for the Social History of Written Culture, presenting such a document from their material characteristics and their relationship with the characters who built it; to understand the circulation of the writings of St. Teresa among the Discalced Carmelite nuns, the importance of these first readers for the dissemination of Teresian works and as principal witnesses of the processes; to investigate the relationship between the Teresian writings and the memory of the writer, considering the connection with the “letrados”, the encouragement given by Mother Teresa to the written culture in the new convents and the disputes of his memory within the Order of Discalced Carmelites. The survey was conducted through the analysis of original documentation and copies of some of the processes that preceded the canonization of St. Teresa, as well as various bibliography sources. Teresa of Jesus had her holiness recognized primarily for his writings. Perhaps more than the miracles described in the sources, the Teresian works were used as evidence of his sanctity, and therefore was crucial for the accept of her canonization by the Catholic Church. / Esta tesis tiene como asunto los cambios en las concepciones sobre la santidad en los inicios de la Edad Moderna y como las declaraciones de los Procesos de Beatificación de Teresa de Jesús (que vivió entre 1515 y 1582, pero cuyas deposiciones fueran realizadas desde 1590 hasta 1610) fueran importantes y, de cierta forma, canalizaran la construcción del conocimiento a respecto de su figura. La investigación tiene tres objetivos principales: observar los Procesos de Beatificación y Canonización de Santa Teresa de Jesús como una fuente para la Historia Social de la Cultura Escrita, presentándolo a partir de sus características materiales y de su relación con los personajes que lo construyeran; comprender la circulación de los escritos de Santa Teresa entre las hermanas carmelitas descalzas, la importancia de estas primeras lectoras para la difusión de las obras teresianas y como principales testigos de los procesos; investigar la relación entre los escritos teresianos y la memoria de la escritora, considerando el trato con los letrados, el incentivo dado por la Madre a la cultura escrita en los nuevos conventos y las disputas por su memoria en el seno de la Orden del Carmen Descalzo. La pesquisa fue realizada a partir del análisis de fuentes originales y de algunas copias de los procesos que precedieran a la canonización de Santa Teresa, así como de fuentes bibliográficas diversas. Teresa de Jesús tuvo su santidad reconocida, especialmente, por sus escritos. Tal vez más que de los milagros descritos en las fuentes, las obras teresianas fueran utilizadas como prueba de su santidad y, por tanto, determinantes para que la canonización fuera acepta por la Iglesia Católica.

Taking into account an indigenous pre-colonial, a European colonial and a hybrid postcolonial history, in addition to cruel post-independence authoritarian regimes, postcolonial literatures reflect very often the difficult experiences of nations who struggle to find their identities. This is the case of Equatorial Guinea, whose writers, many of them in exile, use their works to raise both national and international awareness about the miserable conditions of a people suffering the consequences of colonialism and two dictatorships. One of these writers is Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel (1966), the subject of this thesis. This dissertation explores how Ávila Laurel’s writings dialogue with Western literary tradition to represent a postcolonial society still in the process of nation-building. In the second chapter, we study Avión de ricos, ladrón de cerdos (2008) as a picaresque novel, and in the third, Arde el monte de noche (2009) as a Bildungsroman. After presenting an overview of the main characteristics of these genres, we demonstrate the similarities of Ávila Laurel’s narratives with the canonical texts, and at the same time, how their rewriting in a postcolonial context leads to fundamental revisions. The final chapter is devoted to Ávila Laurel’s blog Malabo that he has been publishing in the digital journal FronteraD since 2009. We understand his blog as the author’s effort to write political essay, a genre with a longstanding tradition, benefitting from the advantages the new media and communication tools provide. As we argue in this thesis, the author uses Western literary genres that also surfaced in times of deep social and political crisis, to protest against poverty, corruption and abuse of authority, and to denounce hypocrisy and the persistence of colonial and neocolonial structures in Equatorial Guinea. Writing from a hybrid “third space,” Ávila Laurel’s works are, above all, a desire to tell a collective story and create an archive for generations to come.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-13T11:40:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Joyce de Freitas Ramos.pdf: 1243002 bytes, checksum: 4820e515279a2834fa1bb912b5eb4f16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T11:40:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joyce de Freitas Ramos.pdf: 1243002 bytes, checksum: 4820e515279a2834fa1bb912b5eb4f16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Having the objective of trying to find ways for women to express their selves within the Spanish convents in the XVIth century through the contact with the Mystical Theology, the present work will concentrate on the analyses of sources written by Saint Teresa of Avila. The vast textual production, which guaranteed her the title first Doctor for the Catholic Church, and her reformative movement within the religious life made her a model for female sanctity in her own time and for the following centuries. The study of her work may lead us to realize her place of action and her condition of reader, reformer and writer, all of which are characteristics that seemed unreachable to a woman in Modern Spain / Com o objetivo de tentar encontrar formas de expressão feminina dentro dos conventos espanhóis do século XVI através do contato com a Teologia Mística, o seguinte trabalho se debruçará na análise das fontes escritas por Santa Teresa de Ávila. A ampla produção textual, que lhe garantiu o título de primeira Doutora da Igreja Católica, e seu movimento reformador dentro da vida religiosa a transformaram em um modelo de santidade feminina para sua época e para os séculos que a seguiram. O estudo de sua obra pode nos levar a perceber seu lugar de ação e sua condição de leitora, reformadora e escritora, todas características que pareceriam inalcançáveis para uma mulher na Espanha Moderna

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1319689 bytes, checksum: 8c2b50e7c505e792eb6906ac007190d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research focuses on the poetic work of Teresa of Ávila, Spanish writer and poet who lived in the sixteenth century and became known as the founder of the Order of Discalced Carmelites. The corpus chosen for analysis is composed of the following poems: Mi Amado es para mí, Traspasada and Buscate en mí, taken from the collection of her poetry published in Complete Works (1974) to be analyzed in the light of Mysticism and Eroticism also considering the traces of female authorship present in those texts. The reading of her selected poetry demonstrates that there is in them a strong presence of elements of the Western Christian Mysticism of the Middle Ages, as well as the speech marks of female authorship and related mystical eroticism through aesthetic choices that anticipate the Baroque characteristics. For that determination, the theoretical support was sought mainly in the following works: El fenómeno místico: estudio comparado (2009), written by Juan Martin Velasco, The Eroticism (2004) by Georges Bataille, Mystical Theology: The Science of love (1996) by William Johnston, Estudos sobre o Barroco (2002) by Helmut Hatzfeld, as well as several studies on female authorship in the mystical writings of the Middle Ages with the objective of identifying common elements in the poems analyzed. / Esta pesquisa está centrada na obra poética de Teresa d Ávila, escritora e poetisa espanhola que viveu no século XVI e se tornou conhecida por ser a fundadora da Ordem das Carmelitas Descalças. O corpus escolhido para análise é composto pelos poemas Mi Amado para mí, Traspasada e Buscate en mí, retirados da coletânea de poesia publicada em suas Obras Completas (1974) a fim de serem analisados à luz da Mística e do Erotismo, considerando também as marcas da autoria feminina presentes nos referidos textos. A leitura dos poemas escolhidos demonstra que neles há uma forte presença de elementos da Mística ocidental cristã própria da Idade Média, bem como das marcas do discurso de autoria feminina e de características relacionadas ao erotismo místico por meio de escolhas estéticas que antecipam o Barroco. Para a referida constatação, foi buscado o apoio teórico, principalmente, nos trabalhos: El fenómeno místico: estudio comparado (2009), escrito por Juan Martin Velasco, O Erotismo (2004) de Georges Bataille, Mystical Theology: the Science of love(1996) de William Johnston, Estudos sobre o Barroco (2002) de Helmut Hatzfeld, bem como diversos estudos sobre autoria feminina nos escritos místicos da Idade Média com o objetivo de apontar elementos comuns nos poemas teresianos analisados.

This study sets out to determine whether Teresa of Ávila's spirituality, especially her treatise, The Interior Castle, can still provide an appropriate guide for the journey to God in the world of the 21st century. This remarkable book offers a particularly unique contribution to Christian literature. To accomplish this goal, a study of the nature of Christian Spirituality is undertaken, followed by a brief history of Christian spirituality. This provides a backdrop for an examination of the historical setting against which the Interior Castle was written. The study then explores the seven mansions of the Interior Castle to gain an understanding of the journey to God and examines some of the most important and recurring themes in the book. The stages and forms of prayer which are central to the Interior Castle are discussed and the mystical experiences of the 'dark night of the spirit' and union with God are analysed. Lastly, the findings are evaluated to ascertain whether Teresa's writings are still relevant in this contemporary era for those embarking upon the journey towards God. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

O presente trabalho tem como objeto central o estudo de uma importante família baiana entre os séculos XVI e XIX, que esteve diretamente envolvida nos processos de conquista territorial e acumulou vasta propriedade fundiária nesse período, além de exercer grande influência nas esferas de poder junto à administração colonial. Inicialmente refletimos sobre como a família Dias d’Ávila tornou-se objeto de investigações historiográficas e como essa historiografia contribuiu para a afirmação de uma tradição interpretativa, que estabeleceu um vínculo direto entre sua trajetória e a formação de uma certa definição de História Nacional. Buscamos ainda esclarecer certos aspectos das relações entre os colonos e as populações autóctones no processo de conquista territorial, envolvendo desde a mestiçagem e incorporação, até os violentos conflitos que estiveram relacionados a esse processo. Também demonstramos alguns meandros das relações entre uma importante família senhorial e as diversas instâncias da administração colonial, bem como as estratégias desenvolvidas pela família para a aquisição, ampliação e manutenção de poder, entre as quais a obtenção de cargos e mercês, as ligações de casamento e os processos de transmissão de herança. Destacamos, nesse último aspecto, a instituição de um Morgado, como forma de vinculação de bens através de distintas gerações, excluindo, inclusive, certos membros da linha sucessória do acesso a bens da família. Nesse particular discutimos o significado de Casa como uma forma de agregação entre família e patrimônio que tinha a finalidade de garantir a obtenção e manutenção de poder econômico e político. Por fim, ressaltamos como a tradição construída em torno da família serviu e ainda serve aos objetivos de preservação do poder político, mesmo quando a família perdeu a capacidade de manutenção das bases de seu poder econômico. / This thesis has as the main object the study of an important family from Bahia between the XVI and XIX centuries, who were directly involved in the process of land conquest, and accumulated a vast estate during this time. Besides that, this family had a great capacity in influencing colonial administration’s political power. Initially we reflect on how the Dias d`Avila`s family became the subject of historiographic investigations and how this historiography has contributed to establishing the method of interpreting tradition on this subject, which documented one direct relation connecting its trajectory and the formation of a certain national historic definition. We intend to provide a more detailed way of ascertaining certain aspects of the relationship between the colonists and the autochthonous populations. The process of territorial conquest raises questions about races mixture - cross breeding - mestisos and their acceptance, to the violent conflicts that were related to that process. We will also demonstrate some particularities concerning the relations between one important land owner family and the different colonial administration levels, as well as the strategies developed by the family in order to acquire, increase and maintain power. Among those strategies were public jobs obtaining in the colonial government and the receiving of graces (merces) through marriage connections and the controlling of the inheritance process, in which the Morgado (process of the eldest receiving the whole inheritance) stands out as a way of perpetuating the real estate property through out different generations without dividing it – excluding, in some cases, some family members from the inheritance. In this particular case we discuss the meaning of Casa as a form of association between the family and the family estate which had the objective of ensuring the obtaining and keeping of political and economic power. Finally, we demonstrate that a tradition was built around the family which served, even today, as a means of retaining political power even tough when a family has lost its capacity of keeping the basis of its economic power.

O presente trabalho tem como objeto central o estudo de uma importante família baiana entre os séculos XVI e XIX, que esteve diretamente envolvida nos processos de conquista territorial e acumulou vasta propriedade fundiária nesse período, além de exercer grande influência nas esferas de poder junto à administração colonial. Inicialmente refletimos sobre como a família Dias d’Ávila tornou-se objeto de investigações historiográficas e como essa historiografia contribuiu para a afirmação de uma tradição interpretativa, que estabeleceu um vínculo direto entre sua trajetória e a formação de uma certa definição de História Nacional. Buscamos ainda esclarecer certos aspectos das relações entre os colonos e as populações autóctones no processo de conquista territorial, envolvendo desde a mestiçagem e incorporação, até os violentos conflitos que estiveram relacionados a esse processo. Também demonstramos alguns meandros das relações entre uma importante família senhorial e as diversas instâncias da administração colonial, bem como as estratégias desenvolvidas pela família para a aquisição, ampliação e manutenção de poder, entre as quais a obtenção de cargos e mercês, as ligações de casamento e os processos de transmissão de herança. Destacamos, nesse último aspecto, a instituição de um Morgado, como forma de vinculação de bens através de distintas gerações, excluindo, inclusive, certos membros da linha sucessória do acesso a bens da família. Nesse particular discutimos o significado de Casa como uma forma de agregação entre família e patrimônio que tinha a finalidade de garantir a obtenção e manutenção de poder econômico e político. Por fim, ressaltamos como a tradição construída em torno da família serviu e ainda serve aos objetivos de preservação do poder político, mesmo quando a família perdeu a capacidade de manutenção das bases de seu poder econômico. / This thesis has as the main object the study of an important family from Bahia between the XVI and XIX centuries, who were directly involved in the process of land conquest, and accumulated a vast estate during this time. Besides that, this family had a great capacity in influencing colonial administration’s political power. Initially we reflect on how the Dias d`Avila`s family became the subject of historiographic investigations and how this historiography has contributed to establishing the method of interpreting tradition on this subject, which documented one direct relation connecting its trajectory and the formation of a certain national historic definition. We intend to provide a more detailed way of ascertaining certain aspects of the relationship between the colonists and the autochthonous populations. The process of territorial conquest raises questions about races mixture - cross breeding - mestisos and their acceptance, to the violent conflicts that were related to that process. We will also demonstrate some particularities concerning the relations between one important land owner family and the different colonial administration levels, as well as the strategies developed by the family in order to acquire, increase and maintain power. Among those strategies were public jobs obtaining in the colonial government and the receiving of graces (merces) through marriage connections and the controlling of the inheritance process, in which the Morgado (process of the eldest receiving the whole inheritance) stands out as a way of perpetuating the real estate property through out different generations without dividing it – excluding, in some cases, some family members from the inheritance. In this particular case we discuss the meaning of Casa as a form of association between the family and the family estate which had the objective of ensuring the obtaining and keeping of political and economic power. Finally, we demonstrate that a tradition was built around the family which served, even today, as a means of retaining political power even tough when a family has lost its capacity of keeping the basis of its economic power.

This study sets out to determine whether Teresa of Ávila's spirituality, especially her treatise, The Interior Castle, can still provide an appropriate guide for the journey to God in the world of the 21st century. This remarkable book offers a particularly unique contribution to Christian literature. To accomplish this goal, a study of the nature of Christian Spirituality is undertaken, followed by a brief history of Christian spirituality. This provides a backdrop for an examination of the historical setting against which the Interior Castle was written. The study then explores the seven mansions of the Interior Castle to gain an understanding of the journey to God and examines some of the most important and recurring themes in the book. The stages and forms of prayer which are central to the Interior Castle are discussed and the mystical experiences of the 'dark night of the spirit' and union with God are analysed. Lastly, the findings are evaluated to ascertain whether Teresa's writings are still relevant in this contemporary era for those embarking upon the journey towards God. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Châteaux intérieurs, du théâtre de la mémoire aux espaces imaginaires est une thèse composée de trois films, d’une installation vidéo et de deux scénarios. Ces travaux reposent sur des interrogations liées au lieu et à sa mémoire. Des mnémotechniques rhétoriques de l’antiquité aux usages du flashback dans le montage cinématographique, cette recherche traverse les champs de la photographie, des arts plastiques, de la littérature et du cinéma afin d’inventer ses propres usages plastiques de concepts philo- sophiques. Chaque projet développe sa façon propre d’aborder le sujet de la représentation d’un espace fantasmé, imaginé; façons liées au « genre » des propositions, à la place laissée au spectateur et, au cœur même des films, à la multiplicité des subjectivités des personnages. Ainsi, le film Demeure convoque saint Augustin et l’art de la mémoire tandis que Sirènes joue des effets de montage et de réminiscences. Les Passages secrets lie lieux réels et espaces fictionnels par l’installation in situ dans le village de Binic. La déambulation est alors une autre manière de rejouer le trajet discursif de la méthode des loci. Le scénario Sans Perceval, adapté des Vagues de Virginia Woolf, singularise quant à lui une multiplicité de points de vue sur un même temps partagé dans un lieu unique. D’une autre manière, Les Atomes joue avec la figure de la baleine comme lieu symbolique sur lequel achoppent et divergent les imaginaires. Enfin, en utilisant l’idée d’espace intérieur dans la fiction même, le projet des Châteaux intérieurs propose une voie d’actualisation d’anciennes propositions philosophiques et théologiques, autour d’une variation moderne du personnage de sainte Thérèse d’Avila. Ce dernier scénario agrège ainsi plusieurs concepts fréquemment évoqués, repris, mentionnés dans la topique chrétienne, ici distordus, transformés et utilisés dans la fiction même. / The thesis Mind Palaces, from Memory Theatre to Imaginary Spaces is composed of three films, one video installation and two scripts. These works focus on questions of places and their memory. From ancient rhetorical mnemonics to the use of flashbacks in film editing, this study covers the fields of photography, fine arts, literature and film, in order to come up with its own artistic interpretation of philosophical concepts. Each project develops its own way of broaching the representation of a dreamt-up, imagined space; be it relating to the "genre" of proposals, to the role given to the audience, or, at the very heart of the films, to the multi- plicity of subjectivities of the characters. Thus, the film Remains evokes Saint Augustine and the art of memory, whilst Mermaids plays with various editing and reminiscence effects. Secret Passages links real places and fictional spaces through the in situ installation in the village of Binic, and the act of wandering therefore beco- mes another way of replaying the discursive journey in the method of loci. As for the Without Percival script, based on Virginia Woolf's The Waves, it differentiates between multiple points of view on a given moment shared in a single place. In a different way, Atoms plays with the whale as a symbolic place against which imaginations wash up and diverge. Finally, by using the idea of an interior space within the fic- tion itself, the Mind Palaces project provides a way of updating ancient philosophical and theological theories, based on a modern variation of Saint Teresa of Ávila. This last script combines a number of concepts that are frequently alluded to, revisited and mentioned in Christianity, and are here distorted, transformed and used in the fiction itself.

Equatorial Guinea is the only former Spanish colony in Africa south of the Sahara. Consequently, the Spanish-language literature produced by its authors has been resistant to classification in both the fields of Hispanic and African literary studies. This thesis examines a selection of contemporary narratives written between 1994 and 2007 by the following authors: José Fernando Siale Djangany, Maximiliano Nkogo Esono, Juan Tomás Ávila Laurel and Joaquín Mbomio Bacheng. My main objective in this dissertation is to identify, explain and relate the ways in which post-independence authors express identity in their respective texts. In order to accomplish this task, this thesis posits situational interactions as the key sites for identity expression. Developed from the tenets of symbolic interactionism, the syncretic theoretical model of identity views it as telescopic. It is expected that, through the examination of the chosen texts, a contribution can be made to the understanding of the way in which each author expresses identity and can therefore feed into the larger discussion of identity in Equatorial Guinean narrative.