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Ett förlorat järnrike? : Järnframställning i södra Hälsingland under yngre järnålderWiderberg, Andreas January 2016 (has links)
A lost iron realm?Iron production in southern Hälsingland during the late iron age This bachelor thesis explores the prehistoric iron production in the Swedish province of Hälsingland, with a special focus on the parishes surrounding the Marmen and Bergviken lakes. A vast amount of remains from bloomery iron production was discovered during the 1980’s in the area surrounding the lakes, consisting of iron making sites and charcoal pits. This thesis focuses on the spatial distribution of those remains, which are studied and analysed mainly through GIS. Their spatial relation to natural-geographical phenomenon and indicators of settlement is analysed and discussed, with comparisons to other Swedish provinces. In addition, 14C-datings are calibrated and discussed on a critical basis. The occurrence of spade-shaped currency bars in Hälsingland is discussed based on their physical appearance and context of finding. Finally the author suggests how to work with the known material in order to gain new scientific knowledge.
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Järn i jorden : Spadformiga ämnesjärn i Mellannorrland / Iron in the ground : Spade-shaped currency bars in central NorrlandLindeberg, Marta January 2009 (has links)
This thesis explores how the spade-shaped currency bars of central Norrland were used in different contexts and what significance they held. Spade-shaped currency bars give us a glimpse of a world-view different than our own where the intermediary form the bars represented bestowed upon them a much fuller significance than did their place in the production process. Spade-shaped bars do not work especially well as a general intermediary form in the iron production process. They are time-consuming to produce and their shape is clearly unsuitable for forging most objects, apart from cauldrons. It is likely that the shape of the bars was chosen from social, rather than technological considerations. It is suggested that the bars got their shape from the socketed axe because of its practical as well as symbolic importance. The spade-shaped bars thus became associated with ideas about the origins of society; opening up the landscape, clearing forest for farming and iron production. The bars symbolic meaning was so broad as to appeal to people in totally different parts of Norrland. It was possible, through the lens of the currency bar, to conciliate these different ways of life to a single narrative of origins and identity. Most spade-shaped bars are found in hoards on the periphery of the settled areas, in the forest. The placement of the hoards suggest that the burial of bars is most likely part of ritualized activities intended to promote fertility in the fields and in the forests. The hoards are found on boundaries in the landscape, often in the places where the boundary could be crossed.
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To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron BarsPappas Adlerburg, Nickolas T. January 2017 (has links)
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
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To Make Iron of Iron : A Comprehensive Analytical Study of Spade Shaped Iron BarsPappas Adlreburg, Nickolas January 2017 (has links)
This thesis aims to provide adequate analytical information on the spade shaped iron bars of Norrland and central Sweden. While their significance has been thoroughly debated for decades, analytical research on them has been confined to cases of single artefacts or theoretical interpretations of their value, meaning and origin. In this study a comprehensive approach is taken into consideration. Based on X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and metallographical analysis this thesis seeks to facilitate new interpretations on quality, production centres and usage based on analytical results. Aiming to settle some of the long lasting questions regarding the artefacts while producing results which can further the discussion by raising new questions, previously unasked.
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