AbstractThis thesis examines the sea trade between the city of Vasa in Österbotten and the county of Västerbotten in Sweden during the period 1809-1830 and aims to determine how the division of Sweden into two countries in 1809 affected the trade. In order to systematically treat data, a theoretical concept of quantitative network analysis is applied. The primary source material consists of accounts from the custom house in Vasa.The results show that the sea trade had resumed within a year after the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in 1809. The sea trade over Kvarken was predominated by agents from Västerbotten, particularly from Umeå. In 1810, the first boat departed from Umeå to Vasa, a trend which would come to accelerate up to a culmination in 1816 as regards the number of boats and the quantity of goods. The sea trade later experienced a successive decline between 1817 and 1830, which marks the end of the studied period. The agents which travelled over Kvarken were initially peasants, albeit over time these were successively replaced by skippers and other sea-faring professionals. Concerning shipped goods, the study also concludes that the main products shipped from Västerbotten to Vasa were fish and fabrics. Conversely, the main products shipped from Vasa to Västerbotten were cattle and grains.Even though the trade had importance for the Vasa region in terms of supplying important staple goods, the trade with Västerbotten represented just a small percentage of the total goods shipped through Vasa port. The trades swift recovery after the division is partly attributed to the good relations between Sweden and Russia after the Treaty of Fredrikshamn (1809); but also the favorable tariff policy between the two countries. Another contributing factor to the increase in trade between Vasa and Västerbotten at the time may have been the limitation of trade with continental Europe as a result of the ongoing Napoleonic Wars. Key words: Sea trade, Vasa, Österbotten, Umeå, Västerbotten, Kvarken, 19th century

This thesis examines the naming-practice - particularly that of first-names - among men and women in the earliest tax registers of the 1540's from the northernmost Swedish provinces of Västerbotten and Österbotten. The aim of the thesis is first and foremost to describe, and to some extent explain, the naming-practice of the permanent population, with particular reference to the similarities and differences between the two provinces as far as personal names are concerned, and to their frequency and distribution. It has not, however, been considered possible to any great extent to compare quantitatively naming-practice in first-names with that of names in patronymics. Attention is also paid to contemporary naming-practice in, surrounding areas, especially the northern Lappmarks, and to the names of certain merchants from distant parts who were listed in the Bothnian accounts from the 1540's. The number of listed male first-names is 103 in Västerbotten in 1543 and 72 in Österbotten in 1548. Altogether, these names are borne by 2,217 and 2,787 taxpayers respectively. There was, therefore, a greater variety in naming-practice in Västerbotten, which is chiefly due to the fact that the province had more names of Scandinavian origin. The commonest first-names in Västerbotten are, in order of frequency: Olof,, Jon, Nils, Per, Anders, Lars, and Erik. The corresponding list för Österbotten is: Olof, Jöns, Lars, Per, Anders, Henrik, and Erik. The other male names are generally Scandinavian, and to a lesser extent German. Somewhat surprisingly, the Bothnian sources of this period only list the odd Finnish first-name. In the Västerbotten sources a number of men are listed only by their first-names (names without to-names). Their names were usually rare in the province. This is probably the most important reason why the patronymic is not added as a distinguishing feature at registration. Another rather remarkable method of naming according to the primary sources is what is called here the iterative name. This term refers to names which are both the first-name and the name in the patronymic, e.g. Nils Nilsson. Iterative names are found especially in the outlying areas of a parish. The choice of names there was smaller than in the central and more populous parts of the parishes. There was a strong possibility that a son would in this way happen to have the same name as his father. The investigation of female naming-pratice is based on only 110 names from each of the provinces. The commonest female names both in Västerbotten and Österbotten are, in order of frequency: Margareta, Kerstin (Kristina), Birgitta, Karin (Katarina), and Elin (Helena). Naming-practice in Kemi Lappmark was very heterogenerous, with elements of Finnish, Lapp, church, and Scandinavian names. In Torne lappmark at this time naming-practice was generally the same as on the Gulf of Bothnia. The naming-practice of the merchants was more varied than that of the Bothnian peasantry. An especially noteworthy feature is the occurrence of names of Russian merchants. / digitalisering@umu

This study examines how upper secondary school teachers in Västerbotten and Österbotten plan to teach about the Finnish War 1808-09. The study includes written interviews with nine teachers in Västerbotten and eight teachers in Österbotten, who have answered questions concerning school policy documents, content and didactic methods. The purpose has been to examine whether there is a difference in historical culture in how the war is treated in the two regions. Historical culture is here meant within the prospective history lesson, where the pupils encounter history within certain boundaries.The result of the interview study shows that there are differences in structure concerning the school policy documents, but that these differences on the whole are compensated by the widespread interest in the Finnish War by the teachers in both regions. The differences in historical culture can be found within the construction of the content when it comes to the aftermaths of the war as well as the purpose of the teaching. A distinct common feature is that the perspective on local history has a strong position in education.Concerning the didactic methods there are differences working with source criticism as well as the forms of examination. Everything included, structurally, there are two different historical cultures. However, if we take into account the answers given by the teachers it is more reasonable to look at it as two nuances of one historical culture. Key words: Historical culture, history didactics, the Finnish War 1808-09, upper secondary school, Västerbotten and Österbotten.

Diss. Stockholm : Univ. / Stockholm blir huvudstad