O uso do cateter venoso periférico intermitente em pacientes hospitalizados pode lhes trazer grandes benefícios, proporcionando maior liberdade com a higiene pessoal, alimentação, deambulação, além melhorias para a equipe de enfermagem com redução das rotinas diárias. No entanto, obstrução do cateter é algo que vem na contramão de uma assistência adequada, causando desconforto para o paciente e aumento do trabalho de enfermagem. Para evitar tal evento e garantir a perviedade do cateter intravascular, deve-se realizar o flushing com solução salina ou solução de heparina, após a administração de medicamentos ou em horários programados de acordo com o protocolo interno das instituições de saúde. Nesse contexto, surge o questionamento de qual é a melhor solução para manter a perviedade do cateter venoso periférico intermitente. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, com o objetivo de avaliar a efetividade do uso da solução salina comparada à solução de heparina na manutenção da perviedade dos cateteres venosos periféricos. Foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Cinahl, Cochrane Central, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed e Web of Science. Das 372 referências identificadas, 12 estudos foram selecionados após a análise de título e resumo para serem lidos na íntegra, sendo que 04 constituíram a amostra final. A extração e análise dos dados foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes e as divergências entre eles foram solucionadas por um terceiro revisor. Os 04 estudos foram publicados no período de 1995 a 2015. Ao todo, foram investigados 975 dispositivos endovenosos mantidos com uma das soluções estudadas em 420 participantes. Os estudos testaram a solução de heparina em dosagens que variaram de 10UI/mL a 100UI/mL versus a solução salina e investigaram as complicações relacionadas ao cateter venoso periférico em uso intermitente, sendo uma delas a obstrução do cateter a qual denominamos como ausência e/ou diminuição da perviedade do cateter venoso, que pode ser evitada com o flushing de forma adequada. As intervenções foram testadas em diferentes populações e não foram concordantes em suas conclusões; dois estudos recomendaram a solução de heparina, um estudo, a solução salina, e um recomenda o uso das duas soluções. Os quatro estudos discutem que as duas soluções são seguras e eficazes para a manutenção da perviedade do cateter venoso periférico. Porém, os autores afirmam que o tamanho da amostra não é suficiente para generalizar os resultados para todos os pacientes hospitalizados. Assim, essa revisão sistemática sugere a necessidade de que novos ensaios clínicos randomizados sejam realizados e que as instituições de saúde devem fomentar as investigações clínicas para validar uma assistência de enfermagem alicerçada em práticas seguras e de qualidade / The using of intermittent peripheral venous catheter in a hospitalized patient can bring to them important benefits, providing more freedom concerning to the personal hygiene, feeding, ambulation, and a lot of another improvements for the nursing team, reducing the daily routines. However, catheter obstruction it is something that disturb an appropriate assistence, provoking discomfort to the patient and increasing the need of job of the nursing team. To avoid this fact and to ensure the patency of the intervascular catheter, must to do the flushing process with saline solution or hepamin, after the application of drugs or in pre established time according to the protocol of procedure of the health institutions. In this regard, it emerges the questioning about what is the best solution to keep the patency of the intermittent peripheral venous catheter. This research is a systematic review about the litetature on this subject, and it aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the using of the saline solution in comparison to the heparin in the maintenance of the patency of the peripheral venous catheter. It has been done a research in the electronic databases Cinahl, Cochrane Central, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed and Web of Science. An amount of 372 references was identified, but just 12 research were selected after the analysis of their titles and abstracts to be fully read. In the end, 04 of them were picked as definitive samples.The data collect and the anlysis were done by two independent reviewers, and the divergences between them were solved by a third reviewer. The 04 research were publicized in the 1995 to 2015 period. Altogheter, were searched 975 intravenous devices, keeping them with one of the studied solutions in 420 patients. Th estudies tried the heparin in dosages that vary from 10UI/mL to 100UI/mL versus the saline solution and investigated the complications related to the peripheral venous catheter in a intermittent using. One of these complications was the catheter obstruction, wich were designated as lack or the decrease of the patency of the venous catheter, that can be avoided with an appropriate flushing process. The interventions were tried in different populations, and they were not concordant in their conclusions. Two research recommended the heparin, one, the saline solution, and one of them recommend to use both. The four research affirm that the heparin and the saline solution are safety and effective for the maintenance of the patency of the peripheral venous catheter. However, the authors say point out that the quantity of the simple is not enough to to generalize the results regarding to all hospitalized patients. Thus, this systematic review suggest the necessity of new randomized clinical testings. In addition, the health institutions must promote clinical research in order to validate a solid nursing assistance based on safety and appropriated practices

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No. of bitstreams: 1 anacristinaabraaosantesso.pdf: 1563566 bytes, checksum: a05fdb719abfbaaf5fb1d09d6324f771 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-16 / Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, comparativo, baseado no referencial da hermenêutica dialética, cujo objetivo foi analisar as repercussões imediatas da ação educativa do enfermeiro, através da sala de espera na hemodinâmica, junto aos pacientes e acompanhantes antes de um procedimento de intervenção cardiovascular. A educação é um instrumento que contribui para a formação das pessoas e do mundo. A educação em saúde é entendida como uma prática que trabalha junto ao indivíduo estratégias de mudança em seu benefício, para seu próprio bem-estar, desenvolvendo um pensamento reflexivo e posteriormente crítico sobre os próprios atos e cultura, possibilitando melhoras no estado de saúde. O cateterismo cardíaco é um exame de diagnóstico por imagem, amplamente utilizado na investigação das coronariopatias e valvulopatias cardíacas estudadas no setor de hemodinâmica. A enfermagem que atua neste serviço tem grande importância no que tange às orientações em saúde com vistas ao bem-estar dos pacientes acometidos por doenças cardiovasculares e que são encaminhados para diagnóstico ou tratamento. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com cinco pacientes e cinco acompanhantes antes da e após a ação educativa de enfermagem. Os dados encontrados foram submetidos à análise proposta por Minayo composta pelas etapas de ordenação, classificação e análise final. Os resultados possibilitaram a construção das seguintes categorias: desvendando o desconhecido; em busca de um protagonista; orientações de enfermagem como forma de esclarecimento e alívio da ansiedade. Através destas, identificamos a existência de lacunas nas informações sobre o procedimento; ausência de um mediador do conhecimento técnico-científico que auxilie na construção de saberes e troca de experiências; um cenário onde pacientes e acompanhantes se sentem ansiosos e temerosos pela espera por algo que não conhecem, mas também demonstraram a importância das orientações de enfermagem para melhora da ansiedade e busca de outros saberes. A prática educativa implementada demonstrou ser de grande relevância para atuação do enfermeiro no serviço de hemodinâmica, corroborando para melhor compreensão do exame, maior qualidade de informação e controle do nível de ansiedade. / It is a study of qualitative approach, descriptive, comparative, based on the dialectic hermeneutics reference whose aim was to analyze the immediate repercussions of educational action of the nurses, through the waiting room in hemodynamics, with patients and companions before of an interventional cardiovascular procedure. Education is a tool that contributes to the formation of people and of the world. Health education is understood as an educational practice that works with the individual to critical and liberating vision of living conditions, aiming to change strategies for their benefit, for your own well-being, developing a critical reflective thinking and later on the own actions, culture, enabling improvements in health status. Cardiac catheterization is a test of diagnostic imaging, high resolution, widely used in the investigation of coronary artery disease and cardiac valve disorders studied in the hemodynamic sector. The nursing acting in this service is of great importance when it comes to health orientation with a view to the welfare of patients suffering from cardiovascular disease and who are referred for diagnosis or treatment. Was held semi-structured interview with five patients and five companions before and after the nursing education action. Data were subjected to analysis proposed by Minayo comprised by ordination of data, data classification and final analysis. The results allowed the construction of the following categories: uncovering the unknown; looking for a protagonist; nursing's orientation as a way to enlightenment and relief from anxiety. Through these, we identified the gaps in information about the procedure; absence of a mediator of technical and scientific knowledge to assist in the construction of knowledge and exchange of experiences; a scenario where patients and companions feel anxious and fearful waiting for they do not know, but also the importance of nursing guidelines for improvement in anxiety and search for other knowledge. The implemented educational practice proved to be of great relevance for nursing work in the hemodynamics service corroborating to better understanding the exam, better information and relief of the level of anxiety.

No description available.

Orientador: Regina Célia Popim / Banca: Silvana Andréa Molina Lima / Banca: Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro Mondini / Resumo: O cateterismo cardíaco é um teste diagnóstico invasivo utilizado para detecção de alterações cardíacas dos pacientes com queixas cardiovasculares como anginas e infartos previamente detectados. Este ocorre por meio de um cateter arterial percutâneo, podendo ser escolhida a via radial ou femoral. Objetivo Obter por meio da revisão integrativa e validação de conteúdo, os principais cuidados para a retirada do introdutor arterial pelo enfermeiro com segurança. Metodologia. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa realizado em duas etapas: primeiro a realização de uma revisão integrativa para elaboração de dois Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP's) preliminar, utilizando as Bases de Dados BVS (Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde-BVS), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Pubmed e numa segunda etapa a submissão para apreciação de 8 peritos para obter um parecer sobre o conteúdo apresentado, utilizando a Técnica Delphi. E a partir destes, em posse das observações feitas pelos peritos, obter os POP's definitivos. Resultados e Discussão. Estudos mostram que o enfermeiro tem papel fundamental na equipe multidisciplinar, garantindo a segurança na técnica de retirada do introdutor arterial com segurança garantida ao paciente. Importante, porém, protocolizar e dispor a informação para a equipe de enfermagem contribuindo para autonomia do enfermeiro e segurança do paciente. Produtos elaborados. Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) sobre a Retirada de Introdutor Arterial mecanicamente e manua... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic test used for the detection of changes of cardiac patients with cardiovascular complaints as angina and heart attacks previously detected. This occurs through a percutaneous arterial catheter, can be chosen via the femoral or radial. Objective. Obtain through integrative review and validation of content, the main introducer removal care nurse blood safely. Methodology. Quantitative approach study carried out in two steps: first the realization of a integrative review for development of two standard operating procedures (POP's), using the VHL (Virtual Health Library-BVS), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Pubmed and in a second step the submission for consideration of 8 experts for an opinion on the content presented, using the Delphi Technique. And from these, in possession of the observations made by the experts, get the POP's definitive. Results and Discussion. Studies show that the nurse has a fundamental role in the multidisciplinary team, ensuring the technical security of withdrawal of arterial introducer with guaranteed safety to the patient. Importantly, however, Docketing and disposal information for nursing staff contributing to autonomy of nurse and patient safety. Products produced. Standard operating procedure (POP) on withdrawal of Arterial Introducer mechanically and manually by the nurse and an Ebook that will be available in the Virtual Library of the Hospital das Clinicas of Botucatu. Conclusion. It is the responsibility of the nurse to prevent vascular complications such as hematoma and bleeding sites in withdrawal of blood via femoral introducer, mechanically or manually. The Protocol is a technical resource for the nurse to develop their practice with higher quality and patient safety. / Mestre

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第19969号 / 社医博第74号 / 新制||社医||9(附属図書館) / 33065 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 小池 薫, 教授 福田 和彦, 教授 木村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

Central venous catheterization (CVC) is performed frequently in clinical practices in Operation Rooms(OR) and Emergency Rooms(ER). CVC is performed for different reasons such as supply nutrition or medicine. For CVC ultrasound (US), diagnostic device is preferable among other medical imaging technologies. Central Venous Catheterization (CVC) under the 2D US guidance requires skills for catheter placement to avoid damaging non-targeted blood vessels. Therefore, there is a great need for improvements in the CVC field where mechanical complication has a risk of occurring during the procedure, for example misplacement of the needle. This master thesis project was performed at Kyushu University department of mechanical engineering and collaboration with Maidashi Kyushu University Hospital department of Advanced Medicine and Innovative Technology in Japan. This thesis is aimed to develop a new simple and cheap guidance system for CVC placement. The system performed on a Tablet PC and will be using already existing Ultrasound machines in Hospitals and Augmented Reality(AR). The project developed a simple AR-System for CVC placement with use of the ArUco library. The new developed system takes information from Ultrasound images and constructs a 3D-model of a vein and artery. Then the 3D-model is augmented on the patient through the tablet PC by using the ArUco library. The construction and augmentation is all performed on the tablet PC and has a small computation to complete the necessary procedures for the 3D-blood vessels. The AR-system has a simple control where the interface of the system is a simple push and action system. When a good visualization of the blood vessels and Doppler effect is shown on the ultrasound machine, the surgeon presses the screen and the image is saved. After about five images are acquired, the system builds the 3D-model and augments it on the patient using a marker. For the development of this system it implemented the waterfall method where each step was tested and checked, before moving to the next step. A full functional system was developed and tested. From the tests performed it is shown that there were limitations due to segmentation and depth perception. But the system has possibilities as an aid for CVC placement.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare condition characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodelling, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and right ventricular heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with an imbalance between vasoconstrictor compounds, such as endothelin and thromboxane A2, and vasodilator compounds, such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a methyl derivate of L-arginine, inhibits synthesis of NO. Vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-inhibitors), causes vasodilation through the NO/cGMP pathway. Aim: This thesis investigates the pharmacological effects and diagnostic utility of vardenafil in PH patients. In addition, to evaluate the change of L-arginine and dimethylarginines before and during PAHspecific therapy in PAH patients compared to patients with left ventricular heart failure (LVHF) and healthy subjects. Methods: The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects of vardenafil were examined during right heart catheterization (RHC) in 16 PH patients and plasma concentrations were measured for up to nine hours after oral administration. In 20 PH patients, acute vasoreactivity test with vardenafil was performed during RHC. Hemodynamic responses were recorded, responders were defined and followed for up to seven years. Additionally, plasma ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-arginine, L-citrulline and L-ornithine levels before and after PAH drug treatment were monitored in 21 PAH patients and compared to values measured in 14 LVHF patients and 27 healthy subjects. Results: Vardenafil concentrations increased rapidly to maximum plasma concentration (tmax 1h) and elimination half-life was 3.4 h. Patients co-medicated with bosentan had reduced vardenafil concentration. Significant acute hemodynamic responses were observed for mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) (p<0.001), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (p<0.001), cardiac output (CO) (p=0.015), cardiac index (CI) (p=0.010), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (p<0.001) and PVR/SVR (p=0.002) and were related to plasma vardenafil concentrations. PAH patients had significantly higher ADMA and SDMA levels and significantly lower L-arginine levels and L-arginine/ADMA ratio compared with healthy subjects (p<0.001). L-arginine was also lower in PAH patients compared to patients with LVHF (p<0.05). WHO functional class and six minutes walking distance (6MWD) correlated to Larginine and L-arginine/ADMA ratio in PAH at baseline (p<0.05). At follow-up, patients on mono- or combinationtherapy with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) had lower ADMA levels than patients without ERA (p<0.05). In contrast, patients on PDE5-inhibitors had higher ADMA levels compared to patients without PDE5-inhibitors (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vardenafil is safe in acute vasoreactivity test in PH patients. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamic response was related to plasma drug concentrations. There was a high inter-individual variability of vardenafil pharmacokinetics and co-medication with bosentan caused a pharmacokinetic drug interaction. Baseline L-arginine and dimethylarginines levels were different in PAH patients compared to LVHF patients and healthy controls. PAH-specific treatment influenced L-arginine and dimethylarginines. Our data suggest that L-arginine might be useful for differentiating PAH from LVHF, and L-arginine/ADMA ratios were related to the severity of PAH and might be useful for follow-up evaluations of PAH patients.

A manutenção do cateter venoso periférico (CVP) é um tema complexo que exige o cumprimento de uma série de conformidades na prevenção e controle dos eventos adversos, como a flebite. Neste estudo avaliou-se a microbiota e o perfil de sensibilidade aos antibióticos das bactérias isoladas em curativos e dânulas utilizados na manutenção do CVP. Assim, relacionou-se o tempo de permanência do acesso e a presença ou não de sujidade com o crescimento bacteriano em meios de culturas seletivos e a ocorrência de cepas multidroga resistentes (MDR). Trata-se de um estudo observacional de prevalência realizado com pacientes adultos hospitalizados em terapia intravenosa periférica. Nesse sentido, a coleta envolveu 30 dânulas (30 amostras do seu lúmen e 30 da sua superfície externa) e 30 curativos totalizando-se 90 análises microbiológicas. No processamento microbiológico do curativo utilizou-se suabe friccionado em área previamente demarcada e para o lúmen realizou-se flush nas duas vias da dânula. Todas as amostras foram semeadas em meio TSB (Tryptic Soy Broth) e a incubação procedeu-se a 37°C por 24hs até 14 dias. Os meios de cultura seletivos utilizados foram Manitol Salgado, MacConkey e Cetrimide. Na Identificação das cepas e do antibiograma utilizou-se o procedimento automatizado VITEK®. Os testes: exato de Fischer, não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado de Pearson subsidiaram a análise estatística com nível de significância de 5% (? = 0,05). O estudo teve aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Diante da variabilidade dos resultados é importante destacar que 100% das superfícies externas das dânulas, 40% dos lúmens e 86,7% dos curativos apresentaram crescimento bacteriano. E, com relação às espécies isoladas no lúmen destacam-se: 50% Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo, 14,3% Staphylococcus aureus, 14,3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7,1% Klebsiella pneumoniae e 7,1% Proteus mirabilis. Em relação ao perfil de sensibilidade identificaram-se bactérias MDR em 59% das superfícies externas das dânulas, 44% nos curativos e 42% nos lúmens, com predomínio de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo resistente ao antibiótico oxacilina. Bactérias Gram-negativas com resistência a carbapenêmicos foram isoladas nas superfícies externas das dânulas, sendo 9% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4,5% Pseudomonas aeruginosa e 4,5% Acinetobacter baumannii. Evidenciou-se associação entre o crescimento bacteriano em meio TSB e a presença de sujidade (p=0,014). A comparação entre a média dos dias de CVP e o crescimento bacteriano no meio MacConkey apresentou diferença significativa (p=0,018). No geral, os resultados preocupam considerando, principalmente, o crescimento bacteriano no lúmen das dânulas. Outras investigações são promissoras para que se possa de fato ampliar as evidências acerca das condições microbiológicas na manutenção desse acesso venoso, estabelecer relações com as variáveis clínicas e, assim subsidiar os protocolos de assistência na prevenção e controle dos riscos de infecção. / The maintenance of the peripheral venous catheter it´s a complex theme that requires the accomplishment of some compliances at the control and prevention of adverse events, such as phlebitis. This study evaluated the microbiota and the sensitivity test to antibiotics at bacteria isolated from dressing and connector used on the maintenance of the peripheral venous catheter. Therefore, it was related the residence time of the access and the presence or absence of dirtiness with the bacterial growth on selective culture media and the occurrence of multidrug resistance strains. It´s about an observational study realized with adults patients hospitalized in use of peripheral intravenous therapy. The collect involved 30 connector (30 samples of the lumen and 30 samples of the external surface) and 30 dressing in a total of 90 microbiological analyzes. At the microbiological processing of the dressings it was rubbed swabs at a previous demarcated area and for the lumen it was used a flush at the two parts of the connector. All the samples were seeded on Tryptic Broth Soy (TBS) and the incubation was carried out at 37ºC for 24 hours on 14 days. The selective culture media used were Mannitol, MacConkey and Cetrimide. For the strain identification and the antibiogram it was used the automatic procedure VITEK®. The tests: Fisher exact test, nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test subsidized the statistics analysis with a level of significance at 5% (? = 0,05). The study was approved at the Ethics Committee in Research. In front of the variability of the results it´s important to detach that 100% of the external surface of the connector, 40% of the lumen and 86,7% of the dressing showed bacterial growth. From the species isolated on the lumen stands out 50% of coagulase negative Staphylococcus, 50% Staphylococcus aureus, 14,3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7,1% Proteus mirabilis. Acording to the sensitivity test to antibiotics it was identified multidrug resistance bacteria on 59% of the external surface of the connector, 44% of the dressing and 42% of the lumen, with a predominance of coagulase negative Staphylococcus resistant to oxacillin. Gram negative bacteria with resistance to carbapenem were isolated on the external surface of the connector, these are 9% Klebsiella pneumoniae, 4,5% Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 4,5% Acinetobacter baumannii. It was evidenced an association between bacterial growth on TSB culture media and the presence of dirtiness (p=0,014). The proportion between the medium days of peripheral venous catheterization and the bacterial growth on MacConkey media culture showed significant difference (p=0,018). In general, the results concern mostly because of the bacterial growth on the connector lumen. Others investigations are promissory to the amplification of evidence on microbiological conditions on the maintenance of the venous catheterization, establish relations with clinic variables and subsidize the assistance protocols on the control and prevention of infections risks.