Na discussão atual sobre a Alfabetização Científica, há um consenso que esse processo ocorre ao longo da vida e em diferentes espaços educativos. A fim de colaborar com essa discussão, o presente estudo investigou se as exposições em jardins botânicos contribuem para a Alfabetização Científica de seus visitantes. A revisão da literatura referente à Alfabetização Científica e à educação em museus permitiu desenvolver uma Ferramenta de Análise para avaliar a presença de indicadores de Alfabetização Científica. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma exposição no Jardim Botânico de São Paulo e teve duas unidades de coleta de dados: exposição e público. Em ambas foi empregada a Ferramenta de Análise, sendo que, para o público, a análise dos diálogos identificou ainda a presença de habilidades investigativas. Os resultados revelam que a exposição, apesar de não ter sido elaborada na perspectiva da Alfabetização Científica, contempla todos os indicadores propostos científicos, institucionais, sociais e estéticos/afetivos e carrega 10 dos 19 atributos estabelecidos pela Ferramenta de Análise, sendo o Indicador Científico o mais presente na exposição. Quanto à análise dos diálogos das famílias, o Indicador Científico também foi o mais presente, mostrando que as afinidades pessoais e as vivências com o meio natural despertam a atenção dos visitantes para os assuntos relacionados à ciência. As habilidades investigativas mais evidenciadas são: observação, questionamento e explicação. Concluímos que a exposição estudada incita a compreensão e a discussão de temas científicos relacionados às questões ambientais atuais discutidas pela sociedade. Como produto final de nossas análises, traçamos recomendações para a Alfabetização Científica em jardins botânicos. / There is a consensus in the current discussion regarding scientific literacy that this process occurs throughout life and in different educational grounds. In order to collaborate with this discussion, this study investigated if exhibitions in botanical gardens contribute to the scientific literacy of theirs visitors. Literature reviews related to scientific literacy and education in museums, allowed us to develop an Analytical Tool with the purpose to evaluate the presence of scientific literacy indicators. The research was conducted in an exhibition at the Botanical Garden of São Paulo, and we used two components to collect data: the exhibition itself and the public. The Analytical Tool was employed in both of them, and while the public was concerned, the analysis of the dialogues identified the presence of inquiry skills. The results showed that the exhibition, despite not being elaborated in the scientific literacy perspective, contemplates all of the proposed indicators scientific, institutional, social, and aesthetic/affective and carries ten out of the nineteen attributes established by the Analytical Tool, being the Scientific Indicator the most present in the exhibition. Regarding the analysis of families dialogues, the Scientific Indicator was also the most present, showing that personal affinities and experiences with natural environment arouse the visitors attention to subjects related to science. The most apparent inquiry skills are: observation, questioning, and explanation. We conclude that, the exhibition studied incites comprehension and the discussion of scientific themes related to current environmental issues debated by society. As a result, we recommend scientific literacy in botanical gardens.

nÃo hà / Nossa pesquisa procura fazer uma anÃlise crÃtica sobre a categoria da aprendizagem no Projeto de EducaÃÃo para Todos (EPT), detalhada no Plano de AÃÃo para Satisfazer as Necessidades BÃsicas de Aprendizagem (NEBAS), destacando, nesses termos, o seu carÃter ideolÃgico e sua vinculaÃÃo com o plano de gestÃo do capital. Com base na perspectiva marxiana, tomamos como objetivo examinar as principais metas do Programa de EducaÃÃo para Todos, firmadas na ConferÃncia Mundial de EducaÃÃo para Todos, realizada em Jomtien, em 1990, e reiterada no FÃrum de AÃÃo de Dacar, no ano 2000. Nessa direÃÃo, denunciaremos tambÃm a grande articulaÃÃo universal da concepÃÃo da EPT nos paÃses pobres, mediante a utilizaÃÃo anual de RelatÃrios de Monitoramento de EducaÃÃo Para Todos (EPT), com Ãnfase nos documentos de 2003 a 2008. Resultante de um estudo eminentemente teÃrico-bibliogrÃfico e documental, nossa anÃlise centra-se na concepÃÃo onto-histÃrica do trabalho e da reproduÃÃo do ser social, comungando com autores marxistas a visÃo de que a educaÃÃo, como um complexo social, torna-se, nos marcos da sociabilidade do capital, uma mercadoria. Partindo do pressuposto de que a aprendizagem à o recurso apontado pelo prÃprio capital como importante para a sustentabilidade econÃmica e social da ordem, compreendemos que o Programa de EPT, sob a organizaÃÃo do Banco Mundial, impÃe um amplo programa de reestruturaÃÃo dos sistemas nacionais de ensino, com prioridade na universalizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo bÃsica. Asseveramos que o ideÃrio de uma educaÃÃo para todos tem sua gÃnese a partir da ascensÃo da burguesia ao poder, determinando novas relaÃÃes sociais e um novo modo de produÃÃo: o sistema capitalista. Nessa nova ordem, a formaÃÃo do trabalhador està voltada para aprendizagens Ãteis e adquiridas fora do trabalho. Sob o capital, o complexo educacional encontra-se, essencialmente, voltado para a sustentabilidade e reproduÃÃo de sua lÃgica de acumulaÃÃo ampliada. Na particularidade brasileira, constatamos um conjunto de reformas educacionais, ancoradas num pacto social para impulsionar o desenvolvimento econÃmico e a reduÃÃo da pobreza. ConcluÃmos que o Projeto de EducaÃÃo para Todos com foco nas aprendizagens para a educaÃÃo bÃsica torna-se apenas um âmecanismo educacional e ideolÃgicoâ, pois promove padrÃes mÃnimos de formaÃÃo do conhecimento, ao limitar a escolarizaÃÃo bÃsica como a necessÃria e suficiente para os paÃses pobres adentrarem na chamada economia sustentÃvel e global do SÃculo XXI. / The research seeks to develop a critical analysis of the learning category in the context of the Project of Education for All (EPT), detailed on the Plan of Action to Satisfy the Basic Needs of Learning (NEBAS), emphasizing, by these terms, its ideological character and its link with the capitalâs management plan. Based on the Marxian perspective, we aim to examine the main goals put forward by the Program of Education for All, established at the World Conference of Education for All, carried out in Jomtien, in 1990, and reiterated in the Dakar Forum of Action, in the year 2000. This way, we will also denounce the large universal articulation of the EPT conception in the poor countries, through the annual utilization of the Reports of Monitoring of Education for All (EPT), with emphasis in the 2003 through 2008 documents. Resulting from a study of a theoretical-bibliographical nature, our analysis is centered upon the ontohistorical conception of labor as the fundamental moment in the process of social reproduction, sharing with Marxist authors the idea that education as a social complex becomes itself, a commodity, in the limits of capitalâs sociability. Presuming that learning is appointed by capital as an important tool to guarantee economical and social sustainability, we reassert that the EPT Program, under the World Bank organization, imposes a wide restructuring program of the national teaching systems, with priority on the universalization of basic education. We state that the idea of an education for all has its genesis in the rise of the bourgeoisie to power, determining new social relations and a new way of production: the capitalistic system. In this new order, the workerâs formation is based upon those practical learnings which are useful to the world of production. Under the capital system, the education complex finds itself essentially based on the sustainability and reproduction of the logic of accumulation. In the Brazilian particularity, we notice a group of educational reforms, based on a social pact to drive the economic development and the poverty reduction. We conclude that the Project of Education for All, focused on the learnings towards the basic education, becomes itself only an educational and ideological tool, for it promotes minimal knowledge standards, limiting the basic schooling as a sufficient pattern for the poor countries to enter the sphere of the so called sustainable and global economy of the XXIth Century.

Pensar a educação para bebês é considerar como favorecer práticas docentes que possam garantir o acesso às crianças muito pequenas ao mundo da cultura e da sociedade. Quando o foco da prática docente se direciona para as crianças e suas relações, a qualidade do ambiente educativo depende de escolhas de concepções de educação, infância e criança, para que se possa redefinir os trajetos e as ações de uma educação participativa, que não se faz sozinho, mas em colaboração com a criança, seus familiares e a equipe da creche. Na presente pesquisa, os critérios de qualidade para a educação de bebês e crianças pequenas e suas implicações na formação de educadores em contexto, constituíram os objetos de estudo. Duas grandes questões conduziram o estudo: O que se entende por qualidade na educação de bebês e crianças pequenas? Seria a escala ITERS-R um instrumento fidedigno para avaliação de creches? O problema se desdobrou na relação entre a qualidade na educação da infância e a formação de educadores em contexto para a Educação Infantil. Esta questão tornou possível considerar se uma escala de avaliação do ambiente educativo seria um instrumento que poderia auxiliar o grupo de professores a refletir sobre a sua prática docente favorecendo o desenvolvimento das necessidades individuais e do grupo das crianças. O intuito foi investigar se a escala norte-americana Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - ITERS (HARMS, CRYER e CLIFFORD, 1990) - que avalia o ambiente para crianças de zero a trinta meses em instituições infantis, constituía-se como instrumento de avaliação da qualidade do atendimento infantil em creches. Para a realização do estudo foi selecionada uma creche na região sul da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma creche direta, pertencente à diretoria regional do Ipiranga e que atende uma ampla região da Vila Clementino. A creche foi selecionada para este estudo por ser tratar de um campo de pesquisas do grupo Contextos Integrados em Educação Infantil da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo. Adotou-se o estudo de caso como modalidade qualitativa de pesquisa. Os dados foram colhidos e analisados seguindo alguns critérios da abordagem fenomenológica, tendo como base os trinta e nove itens da escala, e o referencial teórico apresentado na própria escala. Entende-se que reflexão sobre os diversos itens que compõem a escala do ambiente educativo em um processo colaborativo, entre o pesquisador e as educadoras, possa contribuir para o que se entende como formação em contexto, formação partilhada, que respeita a autonomia do educador para avaliar a sua prática educativa a partir de uma pedagogia da infância que torne a criança visível. Para tal, buscou-se apoio nas pedagogias da infância, com interesse maior em Dewey, que sugere uma educação democrática, a qual valoriza os interesses e necessidades das crianças, e a mediação da cultura para discutir ambientes educativos para bebês e crianças bem pequenas. / To think of education for babies is to consider how to favor teaching practices that can guarantee very young children the access to the world of culture and society. When the focus of the teaching practice turns to children and their relationships, the quality of the educational environment depends upon the choices of conceptions on education, infancy and children, so that is possible to redefine the paths and actions of a participatory education, which cannot be done alone, but in collaboration with the child, their families and daycare staff. In the current research the quality criteria for education of infants and toddlers and their implications on educators formation in context, constituted the objects of this study. Two great questions conducted the study: What is meant by education quality for babies and toddlers? Would the ITERSR scale be a reliable instrument to evaluate daycare centers? The problem was unfolded in the relationship between the quality of early childhood education and the formation of educators in context for Early Childhood Education. This question has made it possible to consider if an educational environment assessment scale would be an instrument that could help a group of teachers reflect on their teaching practice, promoting the development of individual needs and that of children groups. The purpose was to investigate if the North American Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale - ITERS (HARMS, CRYER e CLIFFORD, 1990) which evaluates the environment for children from zero to thirty months old in child institutions, was constituted as an evaluation instrument of child care quality in daycares. In order to conduct the study, a daycare center located in the southern region of the city of São Paulo was selected. It is a direct daycare center, belonging to the regional board of Ipiranga and serving a wide region of Vila Clementino. The daycare center was selected for this study for it is the research field of the Integrated Contexts in Early Childhood Education group of the School of Education at the University of São Paulo. The case study was adopted as a qualitative research method. The data were collected and analyzed following some phenomenological approach criteria, based on the thirty-nine scale items and the theoretical referential presented in the scale itself. It is understood that the contemplation of the various items which constitute the educational environment scale in a collaborative process, between the researcher and the educators, may contribute to what is meant by formation in context, shared training, which respects the educators autonomy to evaluate his/her educational practice from an early childhood pedagogy that renders the child visible. For such, support from early childhood pedagogies was sought, with a higher interest in Dewey, who suggests a democratic education, which values the interests and needs of children and the mediation of culture to discuss educational environments for babies and toddlers.

Ainda que destinada a um grupo que vivencia e experimenta um corpo doente, a Educação para a Saúde não pode centrar-se nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos e nas terapias medicamentosas, porque seria desconsiderar a vida e as dimensões do ser humano que vão além da corporeidade. Temas transversais, cercados de conceitos pré-elaborados e enraizados em mitos, tabus, preconceitos e crendices, como a sexualidade e o lazer, são entendidos como demandas urgentes para colaborar com a qualidade de vida, uma vez que foram relegados na nossa história, ainda que partes integrantes da constituição do homem. Neste contexto o presente trabalho objetivou investigar, com portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, de um Centro de Saúde de uma cidade do noroeste do Estado do Paraná-Brasil, qual o impacto da Educação para a Saúde, levantando seus problemas relacionados às temáticas lazer e sexualidade, propondo desenvolver conjuntamente com os participantes ações educativas visando as possíveis soluções dessas dificuldades, através da pesquisa-ação.Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, mediatizado pela pesquisa-ação que permitiu desvelar as percepções dos participantes do grupo de uma unidade de saúde quanto à sexualidade, o lazer e a qualidade de vida programando, aplicando e avaliando atividades de Educação para a Saúde nestas temáticas. A população-alvo deste estudo se constituiu de 6 mulheres hipertensas, únicas com tal diagnóstico que participam do grupo de reunião semanal de um centro de saúde de uma cidade do noroeste do Estado do Paraná-Brasil. Adotou-se o referencial-metodológico de Freire (1990) adaptado por Bueno (1997-8) delimitado por duas fases: a primeira, quando ocorreu o levantamento do universo temático, elencando-se os temas geradores; a segunda, constituída da ação educativa. A representação social de Moscovici (1979) foi a base da discussão das categorias e colaboraram para elencar os temas geradores. Estes foram o referencial para a discussão e elaboração das práticas educativas, apoiadas na pedagogia da autonomia de Freire. Identificou-se que, quanto à sexualidade, houve dificuldade de seu entendimento, pois foi reduzida ao sexo, manifestou-se por relações de afeto, companheirismo e por cuidados corporais. Quanto ao lazer, foi visto como enfrentamento da solidão. A hipertensão arterial foi descrita quanto aos seus fatores causais, houve valorização exacerbada ao tratamento farmacológico e a convivência com a doença foi considerada difícil. Os temas geradores permitiram a elaboração de uma ação educativa dialógica, em que dinâmicas e discussões foram programadas. Os participantes avaliam que as estratégias adotadas foram de grande valia para a troca de saberes, para a valorização das relações humanas e para um contato prazeroso com os temas abordados. / Even though it is meant for a group which deeply experiences a sick body, Education for Health cannot merely focus on physiopathological mechanisms and medicamental therapies as it would disregard life and the human being\'s dimensions - which are beyond corporeity. Transversal themes, surrounded by preelaborated concepts and enrooted in myths, taboos, biases and superstition such as sexuality and leisure are understood as urgent demands to contribute with quality of life since they were put aside throughout history, despite being constituent parts of man. Within this context, this study had the purpose of investigating what the impact of Education for Health is on systemic hypertension patients by surveying issues related to leisure and sexuality in order to to develop, together with the participants, education actions towards possible solutions via research-action. It was a qualitative study mediated by research-action which enabled disclosing the perceptions of a group within a health unit with respect to sexuality, leisure and quality of life by developing, applying and assessing Education for Health activities on those themes. The target population for this study was constituted of six women with hypertension - the only ones to present such diagnosis who participated in a group meeting weekly at a Health center in a city in the Northwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Freire\'s (1990) reference methodologies, adapted by Bueno (1997-8) were outlined into two phases: first, when the survey of the thematic universe occurred, bringing about the generative themes; the second, constituted by the education action. Moscovici\'s (1979) social representation was the fundament for the discussion concerning the categories and helped to set up the generative themes. These were the references for discussion and elaboration of the educational practices supported by Freire\'s pedagogy of autonomy. It was difficult to understand sexuality as it was confined to sex and manifested via affective relations, partnership, and corporal care. Leisure was found to be the confrontation of loneliness. Hypertension was described regarding its causal factors. There was exacerbated valorization of the pharmacological treatment and coping with disease was considered difficult. Generative themes enabled the elaboration of a dialogic education action in which dynamics and discussions were performed. Participants reported that the strategies adopted proved to be valuable for knowledge exchange, valorization of human relations and pleasant contact with the themes approached.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Decker School of Nursing, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p>The ambition for Education for Sustainabl Development (ESD),to integrat the principles, values,and practices of sustainable development into all aspects of education and learning is a huge undertaking. The aim of this study is to compare how this concept is being implemented and interpreted in Russian and Swedish schools.The study has been carried out using a combination of questionnaires,interviews and literature analysis. The results show that relatively few of the Russian students (29%)had heard about the concept of sustainable development while a majority of the Swedish students (75%)claimed to have heard about the concept. The general understanding of the concept seem to be rather low both in Russia and Sweden. Just a few of the students expressed that they had a feeling of the meaning of the concept sustainabl development. The results also show that the Russian and Swedish students share many values and priorities. However there are som areas where priorities differ. Russian students rank economical goals like high economical growth and emphasis on fighting economical inequalities higher than their Swedish counterparts. Both the Russian and Swedish students images of the future and their own capability of influencing the future development tend to be optimistic. The Russian students tend to be more optimistic about the future than the Swedish students. The Swedish students, however, seem to be more confident that they personally can influenc what happens with the environment. The conclusion is that if the ambition really is to integrat ESD as a natural part of the educational system clearer mandates and more recourses will be needed. More efforts have also to be put into the inclusion of more actors in the process, both on local and national level.</p>

No description available.

<p>The overall aim of this thesis is to contribute to the debate about Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), and provide a practical tool for teachers with which they can relate to ethical and moral learning in the ESD context. This aim is based on the ambition to develop an approach that takes its starting point from our practical experience of ethics and morals, inspired by the later works of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the transactional perspective developed by John Dewey. This implies that ethics and morals are regarded as a human tendency that is observable in action. The central method used to clarify ethical and moral meaning-making is, by the use of examples, to remind of common experiences of how this meaning-making appears in everyday situations. These clarifications are made in order to dissolve (rather than solve) philosophical problems, as well as to create new knowledge. The approach has been applied to four different studies. The first study focuses on the differences between three selective traditions in environmental education: <i>fact-based, normative and pluralistic,</i> with regard to the relationship between facts and values. It is argued that a pluralistic approach can be seen as way of relating facts and values in practice, and consequently that the democratic process neither precedes nor succeeds education but is an integral part of it, and that students therefore are constituted as citizens participating in the progress of sustainable development. The purpose of the second study is to suggest an approach that allows <i>in situ</i> analysis of how individuals’ prior experiences are included in the processes of moral meaning-making. A concrete example shows how individuals can transform the moral discourse in different situations. In the third study, it is suggested that the ethical tendency can be recognised as a communication in which certain values and actions are treated as if they were universally good and right. Three different kinds of situations in which this communication appears are highlighted: <i>personal moral reactions, norms for correct behaviour and ethical reflections.</i>The diverse conditions for learning in these situations are discussed, and specific notice is taken of the risk of indoctrination in ESD. The fourth study addresses the question of how to understand and deal with criticism in a pluralistic educational approach. Through reminders of how criticism appears in everyday practice, it is argued that criticism does not necessarily have to be understood theoretically. Criticism can also be seen as the diverse ways in which human beings morally react, encounter different norms and ethically reflect.</p>

This study was divided into three stages. The first phase of the study aimed to examine factors influencing the students' participation in physical activity. Eight female and male university students participated in the focus group. It was found that the participants' perceived benefits of physical activity were physical, psychological and social. Their perceived barriers to physical activity included both internal and external factors. Peer groups and family were found to be influential factors in the participants' decision to engage in physical activity. The second phase was designed to investigate 1,464 Thai university students' stages of change based on the Transtheoretical model (TTM) in relation to physical activity behavior. Regarding the stages of change, 19.6% of the participants were in the Precontemplation stage, 21.8% in the Contemplation stage, 44.2% in the Preparation stage, 8.9% in the Action stage, and 5.5% in the Maintenance stage. The majority of participants' BMI statuses were normal. There were significant differences in response according to gender and BMI status, gender and stages of change, and BMI status and stages of change. The third study used a pre-post randomized control group design to determine the effectiveness of the TTM-based intervention in improving physical activity behavior among university students. 210 freshman students, who classified in Precontemplation, Contemplation and Preparation stages, were randomly assigned to either experiment or control groups in each stage. The students in the experimental group received an eight-week stage-matched intervention, while the students in the control group participated in physical education activity classes. At the follow-up stage, the students in the experiment group significantly improved their scores compared to the baseline in all of the study variables (Stages of Change, Self-Efficacy, Pros, Cons, and Experiential and Behavioral Processes of Change). It was also found that students in the experimental group had higher improvement in Stages of Change, Self- Efficacy, Pros, Experiential and Behavioral Processes of Change, and perceived fewer Cons to physical activity. There were significant differences found in Processes of Change and Physical Activity Levels across Stages of Change, but not in other variables. The results of this study indicated that stage-matched intervention can be an effective means of increasing participation in physical activity among university students. / Graduation date: 2006

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of integrated and segregated settings in elementary physical education. The efficacy of each setting was measured by the quantity of opportunities to respond (OTR) and the quality of those responses. This study examined the frequency and motor appropriateness of OTRs for children with developmental disabilities in integrated and segregated physical education classes. This study utilized a single subject alternating conditions design. Four students, 7 to 11 years, with developmental disabilities participated in this study. All participants received both general (integrated) physical education and adapted (segregated) physical education services throughout the 1997-1998 school year. Subjects were videotaped during the lesson focus portion of both the integrated and the segregated physical education settings once each week for a total of five weeks. Data on the frequency and motor appropriateness of the OTRs were collected and analyzed for each participant in both settings. Students with developmental disabilities generally made more responses in the segregated physical education setting. The motor appropriateness of these responses were similar in both segregated and integrated settings, although it was marginally higher in the segregated setting. The results of this investigation demonstrated that students with developmental disabilities received higher quantities of OTRs in the segregated physical education setting. However, there was little difference between settings with respect to the quality of the OTRs for three of the four subjects. For this reason and other suspected academic and social benefits of integration, an integrated physical education setting may prove beneficial for a number of students with disabilities. / Graduation date: 1998