Reverse engineering is the technique of gathering scientific knowledge about a part by physically examining it. In the computer aided manufacturing world this is referred to as Part to CAD conversion, where the geometry of physical objects are being captured as Digital 3-D CAD Data. This is vital not only to produce drawing of parts for which no CAD data exists, but also is frequently being used to produce better designs. The industry professionals to achieve this are frequently using Coordinate Measuring Machine [CMM] among other tools. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the versatility of portable CMM as a Reverse Engineering Tool through application experiments aimed at industrial and non-industrial solutions. The thesis also researches in to the feasibility of customization options through experimentations focused on reverse engineering. Focusing further on Reverse Engineering applications, some of the interesting digitizing and CAD techniques are demonstrated and compared.

Existing literature about digitalization and business transformation in the manufacturing industry has mainly focused on understanding the supplier´s internal transformation of processes, the development of key capabilities, the relationship between suppliers and customers to co-create value and the transformation from product providers to service providers. The digitalization in essence is a new topic within this industry, then there is scant regard for how digitalization has transformed the perception of value from customers’ perspective in the energy industry. The understanding of value perception from customers perspective is relevant due to the growth and development of servitization as well as challenges regarding slow adoption of digital solutions in this industry.

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to broaden the horizon of customizable features available in the luminaire design industry. The aim was to study if enhanced customization features like light distribution, colour of light and use of sustainable materials can help foster emotional attachment and increased usage with the possibility of extending luminaire life. The conclusion here is drawn based on literature review, survey, prototype development and user experiment followed by assessment questionnaire. The table lamp prototype created allowed participants to change colour of light, materials and light distribution of the luminaire according to their mood and preferences. The study indicates these enhanced customization features positively influenced the participants mood, ambience and usage of the product. The survey and user assessment were both qualitative and quantitative in nature. However, all the data collected was quantified for a better understanding of the impact these enhanced features had on the participants. The participants felt a sense of ownership, satisfaction, and accomplishment because of the customization process. As a result, participants say they would prefer repair and replacement over disposal and would want to keep using the luminaire for a long time. The study concluded that enhanced customization features in luminaries can foster emotional connections, increase longevity, and promote sustainable consumption.

Software systems are becoming increasingly bloated to accommodate a wide array of features, platforms and users. This results not only in wastage of memory but also in an increase in their attack surface. Existing works broadly use binary-rewriting techniques to remove unused code, but this results in a binary that is highly customized for a given usage context. If the usage scenario of the binary changes, the binary has to be regenerated. We present DYNACUT– a framework for Dynamic and Adaptive Code Customization. DYNACUT provides the user with the capability to customize the application to changing usage scenarios at runtime without the need for the source code. DYNACUT achieves this customization by leveraging two techniques: 1) identifying the code to be removed by using execution traces of the application and 2) by rewriting the process dynamically. The first technique uses traces of the wanted features and the unwanted features of the application and generates their diffs to identify the features to be removed. The second technique modifies the process image to add traps and fault-handling code to remove vulnerable but unused code. DYNACUT can also disable temporally unused code – code that is used only during the initialization phase of the application. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we built a prototype of DYNACUT and evaluated it on 9 real-world applications including NGINX, Lighttpd and 7 applications of the SPEC Intspeed benchmark suite. DYNACUT removes upto 56% of executed basic blocks and upto 10% of the application code when used to remove initialization code. The total overhead is in the range of 1.63 seconds for Lighttpd, 4.83 seconds for NGINX and about 39 seconds for perlbench in the SPEC suite. / Master of Science / Software systems are becoming increasingly bloated to accommodate a wide array of users, features and platforms. This results in the software not only occupying extra space on com- puting platforms but also in an increase in the ways that the applications can be exploited by hackers. Current works broadly use a variety of techniques to identify and remove this type of vulnerable and unused code. But, these approaches result in a software that has to be modified with the changing usage scenarios of the application. We present DYNACUT, a dynamic code customization tool that can customize the application at its runtime with a minimal overhead. We use the execution traces of the application to customize the ap- plication according to user specifications. DYNACUT can identify code that is only used in the initial stages of the application execution (initialization code) and remove them. DYNA- CUT can also disable features of the application. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we built a prototype of DYNACUT and evaluated it on 9 real-world applications including NGINX, Lighttpd and 7 applications of the SPEC Intspeed benchmark suite. DYNACUT removes upto 56% of executed basic blocks and upto 10% of the application code when used to remove initialization code. The total overhead is in the range of 1.63 seconds for Lighttpd, 4.83 seconds for NGINX and about 39 seconds for perlbench in the SPEC suite.

Nearly every element of human life has a strong narrative component, from music (Kramer, 1991, McClary, 1997) to psychology (McAdams, 2008; Sarbin, 1986) to museums (Austin, 2010) and beyond. In the marketing of products, particularly products online, narratives may be a severely underutilized resource. As the global pandemic has shifted consumption increasingly online (Ecola et al., 2020, Melton, 2020), marketers are challenged to find new ways to make their product appealing to consumers without the ability of physical experiences that help connect a consumer to a product (Thaler, 1980; Peck and Shu, 2009). One way in which product attachment and differentiation may be generated is through product-level narratives. The influence of narratives at a product level, particularly in online product descriptions, has yet to be explored. In this dissertation, I use the theoretical framework of Narrative Transportation Theory to examine the impact of narrative-based product descriptions on consumers’ responses to products. Specifically, I show that product-level narratives can positively influence consumer’s attitudes toward a product and can even create the impression that a product is customized to an individual. Through these effects, I show that product-level narratives may increase consumers’ attachment to products and their willingness to pay a premium price for these products. I also demonstrate that product-level narratives may be used to create perceptions of product personality types. In particular, I look at whether the personality of the main character in a narrative may be imprinted onto the product in the narrative. Furthermore, I seek to extend the bounds of Narrative Transportation Theory by examining product names and images that are evocative of narrative thought. I show that while product names may not be enough to stimulate consumer transportation among readers, product images may stimulate consumer transportation into a narrative and influence consumers’ willingness to pay a premium price for a product through the same mechanisms as a textual narrative product description. Lastly, implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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