Today’s increasing information supply raises the needfor more effective and automated information processing whereindividual information adaptation (personalization) is onepossible solution. Earlier computer systems for personalizationlacked the ability to easily define and measure theeffectiveness of personalization efforts. Numerous projectsfailed to live up to the their expectations, and the demand forevaluation increased. This thesis presents some underlying concepts and methodsfor implementing personalization in order to increase statedbusiness objectives. A personalization system was developedthat utilizes descriptions of information characteristics(metadata) to perform content based filtering in anon-intrusive way. Most of the described measurement methods forpersonalization in the literature are focused on improving theutility for the customer. The evaluation function of thepersonalization system described in this thesis takes thebusiness operator’s standpoint and pragmatically focuseson one or a few measurable business objectives. In order toverify operation of the personalization system, a functioncalled bifurcation was created. The bifurcation functiondivides the customers stochastically into two or morecontrolled groups with different personalizationconfigurations. Bygiving one of the controlled groups apersonalization configuration that deactivates thepersonalization, a reference group is created. The referencegroup is used to measure quantitatively objectives bycomparison with the groups with active personalization. Two different companies had their websites personalized andevaluated: one of Sweden’s largest recruitment servicesand the second largest Swedish daily newspaper. The purposewith the implementations was to define, measure, and increasethe business objectives. The results of the two case studiesshow that under propitious conditions, personalization can bemade to increase stated business objectives. Keywords:metadata, semantic web, personalization,information adaptation, one-to-one marketing, evaluation,optimization, personification, customization,individualization, internet, content filtering, automation. / <p>QCR 20161027</p>

Escritórios de arquitetura possuem um modelo de negócios ultrapassado, no qual grande parte dos clientes questiona o alto valor cobrado pelos profissionais ao mesmo tempo em que os arquitetos reclamam da má remuneração dos serviços prestados. No intuito de romper com essa realidade, este estudo tem como principal objetivo encontrar uma alternativa para o ganho de escala, utilizando como laboratório, a empresa do autor, um escritório de arquitetura de pequeno porte, situado na cidade de São Paulo. Valendo-se do referencial teórico de modelo de negócios, proposta de valor, customização em massa e inovação no setor de construção civil, o trabalho, uma pesquisa-ação, com a participação dos dois sócios da empresa e um integrante externo, seguiu a jornada de criação de um novo modelo de negócios composto por três ciclos: (1) problema (identificação e validação do problema enfrentado pelo público-alvo em questão); (2) solução (definição e validação da solução proposta ao problema); (3) modelo de negócios (conformação e viabilidade econômica do modelo proposto). Na primeira etapa do trabalho foi possível identificar o potencial do segmento de mercado de residências recém entregues pela construtora (unidades no contrapiso), composta por uma média de 23,6 mil unidades comercializadas por ano na cidade de São Paulo, permitindo a padronização dos processos e da produção com ganho de escala, através da customização em massa. A solução proposta na dissertação, baseada na principal necessidade do cliente, de tornar o apartamento habitável, foi a de produtizar os serviços da reforma através de pacotes, comercializados a um preço fixo, compostos por projetos de arquitetura pré-idealizados. Ao final dos ciclos e de estabelecer os onze componentes do modelo de negócios, a proposta da dissertação se mostrou com grande potencial de aplicação e ganho de escala, resultando em um fluxo de caixa positivo a partir do primeiro ano de atuação, onde o volume de clientes determinado foi de apenas 18 unidades / Architecture offices, in general, present an outdated business model, a reason why a great amount of the clients question the high prices charged by the architecture professionals. Meanwhile, the architects themselves complain about the poor remuneration for the provided services. In order to break with this reality, this study has as main objective to find an alternative to the gain in scale, using as a laboratory, the company of the author, a small architecture office, located in the city of São Paulo. Using the theoretical framework of business model, value proposition, mass customization and innovation in the civil construction sector, the work, a practical research, with the participation of the two partners of the company and an external member, followed the journey of creating a new business model composed of three cycles: (1) problem (identification and validation of the problem faced by the target public in question); (2) solution (definition and validation of the proposed solution to the problem); (3) business model (conformation and economic feasibility of the proposed model). In the initial part of the research, it was possible to identify the potential of the newly delivered houses market segment, by the construction companies (units in the sub-floor), composed of an average of 23.6 thousand units sold per year in the city of São Paulo, allowing the standardization of processes and production with gain in scale, through mass customization. The solution proposed in the present dissertation, based on the main need of the client to make the apartment habitable, was to produce the services of the reform through packages, commercialized at a fixed price, composed by pre-idealized architectural projects. At the end of the cycles and to establish the eleven components of the business model, the dissertation proposal presented a great potential of application and gain in scale, resulting in positive cash flow from the first year of operation, where the volume of determined customers was only 18 units

Cette recherche s’inscrit dans le contexte de la santé en France, dans lequel la prise en charge de la population croissante des usagers atteints de maladies chroniques, nécessite une articulation cohérente des interventions pluridisciplinaires, provenant de multiples d’acteurs hétérogènes. Cette prise en charge personnalisée est très consommatrice de ressources. Dans un contexte de raréfaction des ressources, le dilemme coût-qualité se pose dans leur prise en charge. La recherche d’une réponse à ce dilemme nous a conduit à nous intéresser au concept de la Personnalisation de Masse (PM), largement étudié en Supply Chain Management (SCM) et Management des Opérations (OM), ainsi qu’à sa réalisation dans le contexte de la santé. Selon ces deux domaines de littérature, la réalisation de la PM repose sur le développement de la Capacité de PM (CPM). En outre, l’intégration de la Supply Chain (SCI) et la modularité ont été identifiées comme les deux plus importants facteurs facilitant ce développement. Ainsi, cette recherche vise à étudier le rôle de la SCI et de la modularité, ainsi que leur relation dans le développement de la CPM en santé. En se basant sur les relations étudiées et celles insuffisamment étudiées, entre ces trois concepts en SCM et OM (contexte général), un modèle conceptuel de recherche a été établi, et nous cherchons à éprouver ce modèle dans le contexte de la santé. Pour ce faire, un cas exemplaire a été identifié : la MAIA Marseille. À travers cette étude de cas, notre recherche a permis d’une part d’éprouver et de raffiner le modèle de recherche préétabli, et d’autre part de mettre en avant les leçons à en tirer dans le développement de la CPM en santé. / This research is conducted in the French healthcare context, in which the care of the growing population of health service users with chronic diseases, requires a coherent coordination of multidisciplinary interventions from multiple providers. This personalized care is resource consuming. In a context of resource scarcity, the cost-quality dilemma arises in the care of this growing population. The search for an answer to this dilemma has led us to focus on the concept of Mass Customization (MC), widely studied in Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Operations Management (OM), as well as its implementation in the healthcare context. According to these two fields of literature, MC can be achieved by developing Mass Customization Capability (MCC). Moreover, Supply Chain Integration (SCI) and Modularity-based practices have been identified as the two most important factors facilitating its development. Therefore, this research aims to study the role of SCI and modularity, as well as their relationship in the development of MCC in the healthcare context. Based on the relationships studied and those insufficiently investigated between these three concepts in SCM and OM literature (general context), a conceptual model has been established, and we seek to test this model in the healthcare context. For this purpose, an exemplary/critical case has been identified: MAIA Marseille. Through this case study, our research enabled us to test and refine the pre-established conceptual model, and to highlight the lessons to be learned in the development of MCC in the healthcare context.

Behavioral marketing is something that has received lots of attention due to growing awareness around artificial intelligence (AI) and companies using this technology for marketing purposes. However, the data collection practices have been receiving lots of critique for a while now and therefore it is more important than ever to gain an insight of how the consumers perceive behavioral online marketing. From this standpoint two research questions have been developed: How do consumers’ attitudes towards behavioral marketing, affect their purchase intention? and How does exposure to behavioral marketing affects purchase intention? In order to answer these research questions, the experimental vignette methodology was used to study digital natives, namely individuals between 18 and 30 years old. The experiment provided the basis for the study combined with the questionnaire the participants were asked to complete after the experiment. The experiment process consisted of two purchase scenarios that had to be performed online: a purchase of a low degree behavioral marketing product (city bike) and a purchase of a high degree marketing product (sneakers). One of the most important findings of this research regarding consumers’ attitude’s impact on purchase intention was the fact that trust has a bigger impact on the high involvement products compared to the low involvement product. When it came to exposure to behavioral marketing, the test objects that were exposed to behavioral ads had a higher likelihood to purchase a sponsored item. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between how much behavioral marketing a company use and the likelihood of a user purchasing a sponsored item. One of the most important practical implications that can be derived from this study is that businesses need to prioritize building a strong brand image prior to utilizing behavioral marketing. / Beteendemässig marknadsföring är något som fått större uppmärksamhet i och med betydelsen som artificiell intelligens (AI) har fått samt något som företag använder sig av i marknadsföringssyfte. Däremot har insamling av data länge kritiserats och frågan om hur kunder faktiskt uppfattar annonser online har blivit mer och mer relevant. Utifrån detta resonemang har dessa forskningsfrågor tagits fram: Hur påverkar konsumenternas attityd gentemot beteendemässig marknadsföring deras köpavsikt? samt Hur påverkar exponeringen av beteendemässig marknadsföring gentemot konsumenter deras köpavsikt? För att kunna uppnå detta syfte har experimentell vignettes metodik använts för att studera millenniegenerationen, alltså personer i åldrarna 18-30. Ett experiment gjorde grunden till studien, tillsammans med ett frågeformulär som de var ombedda att göra efter experimentet. Experimentet bestod av två olika köp som deltagarna skulle göra online; en produkt med låg grad av beteendemässig marknadsföring (cykel) och en produkt med hög grad av beteendemässig marknadsföring (skor). Det viktigaste som kunde tas från denna undersökning när attityder undersöktes var att förtroende gentemot ett företag eller varumärke hade en stark påverkan på köpavsikten. Däremot är inverkan för förtroende starkare vid köpa av en produkt med hög grad av beteendemässig marknadsföring jämfört med en produkt med låg grad av beteendemässig marknadsföring. När det gäller exponeringen av beteendemässig marknadsföringen var den största upptäckten att de deltagare som hade blivit utsatta för annonser till en högre grad hade en större chans att köpa en produkt som var annonserad. Alltså, ju mer företag använder sig av beteendemässig marknadsföring som är av relevans för konsumenten, desto mer sannolikt är det att de köper just deras produkt. Den största praktiska implikationen som kunde utläsas var att innan beteendemässig marknadsföring kan bli optimalt för företag måste de prioritera att bygga ett starkt varumärke.

A Customização em Massa é uma estratégia de negócios relativamente recente que foi idealizada em meados dos anos oitenta, emergiu no meio empresarial em meados dos anos noventa, e, desde então tem sido adotada por muitas empresas devido ao diferencial competitivo que propicia. O objetivo desta estratégia é atender os desejos individuais dos clientes em grande escala e com maior lucratividade para a empresa. A adoção bem sucedida da Customização em Massa exige profundas alterações em áreas críticas das empresas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é, num primeiro momento, avaliar quais são essas áreas críticas que necessitam mudanças, e num segundo momento, quais são os elementos capacitadores necessários. O trabalho apresenta um modelo conceitual de definições sobre capacitação organizacional, competência funcional, técnicas operacionais e recursos organizacionais. Posteriormente verificou-se a influência destes elementos nos processos e como se dá a aplicação dos mesmos em diferentes setores industriais. A realização deste estudo baseou-se em cleta de dados por meio de questionários e na aplicação do método de estudo de caso em empresas de dois setores industriais, o automobilístico e o de alta tecnologia. A escolha destes setores justifica-se pelo fato deles se encontrarem, historicamente, na vanguarda da adoção das melhores práticas empresariais. Como resultado constatou-se que determinados elementos capacitam a empresa para a Customização em Massa em um setor mas não para outro, ou seja, não existe uma solução genérica para a capacitação organizacional em Customização em Massa. Observou-se também que a simples adoção dos elementos capacitadores não gera a competência funcional requerida em determinada área crítica para a geração desta capacitação organizacional; é também necessário que haja sinergia na aplicação destes elementos. / The customization is a recent strategy that appeared in the middle of 80\'s and currently it emerged in the enterprise environment. Such strategy has been adopted for many companies due to the competitive differential that it supplies. The objective of this strategy is to fulfill the most specific customers\' desires in large-scale and with increasing profitability to the company. The successful adoption of Mass Customization demand deep changes in many critical areas of the enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to analyses which are the critical areas that need to be changed, and which are the Mass Customization enablers. This research presents a conceptual definitions for resources, operational techniques, competences, and organizational capabilities required for Mass Customization. The paper presents a literature review on the issue of planning and deploying Mass Customization initiatives pointing out important resources and techniques that have been adopted by the adherents of this new strategy. It was perceived the influence of these enablers in its respective processes and its different applications in different industrial sectors. To this was adopted the method of case survey in two differents sectors, the automobile and high technology. This choice was proposital because this sector are in the vanguard of the best practices adoption. To have a valid classification of the enablers was elaborated two models. As a result was perceived that some enablers could be applied to one sector and not applied in others to reach the Mass Customization capacity. It does not exist a generic solution for a Mass Customization strategy adoption, because different sectors demands different enablers. It was also observed that the simple adoption of this enablers does not generate the enterprise competence demanded, being necessary the existence of a synergy between and focus of these enablers.

Les organisations doivent relever le défi d'adapter leurs processus aux changements qui peuvent survenir dans l'environnement dynamique dans lequel elles opèrent. Les adaptations dans le processus aboutissent à plusieurs variantes de processus, c'est-à-dire dans différentes versions du modèle de processus. Les variantes de processus peuvent différer en termes d'activités, de ressources, de flux de contrôle et de données. Ainsi, le concept d'un modèle de processus personnalisable est apparu et il vise à adapter le modèle de processus en fonction des exigences d'un contexte spécifique. Un modèle de processus personnalisable peut représenter toutes les variantes de processus dans un modèle unique dans lequel les parties communes ne sont représentées qu’une seule fois et les spécificités de chaque variante sont préservées. Alors, grâce à des transformations dans le modèle de processus générique, une variante de processus peut en être dérivée. En tant qu'avantages, cette approche permet d'éliminer les redondances, favorise la réutilisation, entre autres. Cependant, la personnalisation des modèles de processus n'est pas une tâche triviale. La personnalisation doit assurer que la variante obtenue est correcte du point de vue structurel et comportemental, c'est-à-dire la variante obtenue ne doit pas présenter d'activités déconnectées, d’interblocages actifs ou d'interblocages, entre autres. En outre, la variante de processus doit satisfaire à toutes les exigences du contexte de l'application, aux réglementations internes et externes, entre autres. De plus, il est nécessaire de fournir à l'utilisateur des directives et des recommandations lors de la personnalisation du processus. Les directives permettent la personnalisation correcte des variantes de processus, en évitant les problèmes de comportement. Les recommandations concernant le contexte de l'entreprise rendent possible l'amélioration du processus et aussi la personnalisation des variantes en fonction des besoins spécifiques. Dans ce contexte, cette recherche propose un cadre pour la personnalisation des variantes de processus en fonction des besoins de l'utilisateur. La personnalisation est réalisée grâce à l'utilisation d'ontologies pour la sélection des variantes. Le cadre est composé de trois étapes. La première correspond à l'identification des variantes à partir d'un journal d'événements au moyen de techniques d'exploration de processus, qui permettent de découvrir des points de variation, c'est-à-dire les parties du processus sujettes à variation, les alternatives disponibles pour chaque point de variation et les règles de sélection des alternatives disponibles. L'identification des variantes de processus et de leurs caractéristiques à partir d'un journal des événements permet de personnaliser un modèle de processus en fonction du contexte de l'application. À partir de ces aspects, la deuxième étape peut être développée. Cette étape concerne le développement d'un questionnaire, dans lequel chaque question est liée à un point de variation et chaque réponse correspond à la sélection d'une variante. Dans la troisième étape, deux ontologies sont proposées. La première formalise les connaissances liées aux réglementations externes et internes et aux connaissances des spécialistes. La deuxième ontologie se réfère aux points de variation, aux alternatives existantes pour chaque point de variation et aux règles liées à la sélection de chaque alternative. Ensuite, ces ontologies sont intégrées dans une nouvelle ontologie, qui contient les connaissances nécessaires pour personnaliser la variante de processus. Ainsi, à travers le questionnaire et le raisonnement sémantique, la variante est sélectionnée et les recommandations concernant le processus d’affaires sont fournies en fonction de la sélection de l'utilisateur lors de la personnalisation du processus. Le cadre proposé est évalué au moyen d'une étude de cas liée au traitement des patients chez qui [...] / The efficiency of organizations relies on its ability to adapt their business processes according to changes that may occur in the dynamic environment in which they operate. These adaptations result in new versions of the process model, known as process variants. Thus, several process variants can exist, which aim to represent all the related contexts that may differ in activities, resources, control flow, and data. Thus, has emerged the concept of customizable process model. It aims to adapt the process model according to changes in the business context. A process model can be customized by representing the process family in one single model enabling to derive a process variant through transformations in this single model. As benefits, this approach enables to avoid redundancies, promotes the model reuse and comparison, among others. However, the process variant customization is not a trivial-task. It must be ensured that the variant is correct in a structural and behavioural way (e.g. avoiding disconnected activities or deadlocks), and respecting all the requirements of the application context. Besides, the resulting process variant must respect all requirements related to the application context, internal and external regulations, among others. In addition, recommendations and guidance should be provided during the process customization. Guidance help the user to customize correct process variants, i.e., without behavioural problems. Recommendations about the process context help the user in customizing process variants according specific requirements. Recommendations about the business context refers to providing information about the best practices that can improve the quality of the process. In this context, this research aims to propose a framework for customizing process variants according to the user’s requirements. The customization is achieved by reasoning on ontologies based on the rules for selecting a process variant and in the internal/external regulations and expert knowledge. The framework is composed by three steps. The first step proposes to identify the process variants from an event log through process mining techniques, which enable to discover the variation points, i.e., the parts of the model that are subject to variation, the alternatives for the variation points and the rules to select the alternatives. By identifying the process variants and their characteristics from an event log, the process model can be correctly individualized by meeting the requirements of the context of application. Based on these aspects, the second step can be developed. This step refers to the development of the questionnaire-model approach. In the questionnaire approach each variation point is related to a question, and the alternatives for each question corresponds to the selection of the process variants. The third step corresponds to apply two ontologies for process model customization. One ontology formalizes the knowledge related with the internal and/or external regulations and expert knowledge. The other refers to the variation points, the alternatives for them and the rules for choosing each path. The ontologies then are merged into one new ontology, which contain the necessary knowledge for customize the process variants. Thus, by answering the questionnaire and by reasoning on the ontology, the alternatives related with the business process and the recommendations about the business context are provided for the user. The framework is evaluated through a case study related to the treatment of patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. As result, the proposed framework provides a support decision-making during the process model customization

Inovação em produtos e processos pode ser a diferença entre sucesso e fracasso para vender produtos em outros países. Dentro desta perspectiva, a gestão tecnológica destaca-se como uma alternativa, de menor custo e mais rápida, de customizar produtos para novos mercados. O estudo sobre a decisão de customizar produtos nos mercados internacionais é especialmente importante para as organizações que decidem abrir uma subsidiária em outro país, mediante aquisição de uma empresa ou construção de suas próprias instalações. Qualquer que seja a decisão, a empresa fica exposta a riscos internacionais além de elevados custos; resultando na necessidade de diluí-los em âmbito global. Nesse contexto, existe a necessidade da empresa decidir quais produtos deverá customizar para o país em questão e quais produtos ela deverá padronizar, tendo em vista as vendas para outros países. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é identificar, na função marketing de empresa internacionalizada, os fatores de influência relacionados com decisões sobre customização de produtos industriais e produtos de consumo para um determinado país. Dentro desta perspectiva, elaborou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os temas: internacionalização, marketing internacional, decisões sobre customização de produtos e fatores de customização de produtos - base para a fundamentação teórica. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, em uma primeira fase qualitativa foram realizados quatro estudos de caso de caráter exploratório - duas empresas americanas e duas empresas europeias. Como resultado, elaborou-se um ranking de fatores considerados essenciais na decisão sobre customização de produtos: 1º Características do cliente (B2B)/consumidor (B2C); 2º Retorno sustentável sobre o investimento; 3º Lucro sustentável; 4º Exigências legais; 5º Vendas de outros produtos do portfólio; 6º Diferenças no clima. Na segunda fase quantitativa, elaborou-se uma survey, aplicada pela internet, resultado do levantamento empírico do estudo de casos. Como consequência, foram obtidos 123 registros válidos de uma amostra não probabilística intencional. Os resultados sugerem diferenças no ranking dos fatores de influência na decisão sobre customização de produtos. Outros achados advindos da pesquisa: fatores ligados à logística de distribuição de produtos tangíveis devem ser considerados na decisão sobre customização; tanto em mercados B2B, quanto em mercados B2C, produtos tangíveis possuem grande carga de serviços associados. Espera-se, com estes resultados, um avanço na contribuição para estudos futuros em decisão sobre customização de produtos. / Innovation in products and processes can be the difference between success and failure to sell products in other countries. Within this perspective, technology management is highlighted as an alternative, less expensive and faster, to customize products for new markets. The study on the decision to customize products in international markets is especially important for organizations that decide to open a subsidiary in another country by way of purchasing a business or building their own facilities. Whatever the decision, the company is exposed to international risks and high costs; which leads to reduce them on global basis. In this context, a company needs to decide which products to customize for the country in question and which products to standardize for sale other countries. The overall objective of this research is to identify, with respect to the marketing activities of an international company, the factors that influence decisions related to the customization of industrial products and of consumer products for a particular country. Thus, a literature review gathered information on the topics of: internationalization, international marketing, decision on product customization and product customization factors - the theoretical basis for the research. Regarding the methodological aspects, in the qualitative first phase, were conducted four exploratory case studies, at two American companies and two European companies. As a result, it was elaborated a ranking of factors considered essentials in deciding on customization of products: 1st Characteristics of the customer (B2B) / consumer (B2C); 2nd Sustainable Return On Investment; 3rd Sustainable income; 4th Legislative requirements; 5th Other products sales in the portfolio; 6th Differences in weather. Subsequently, the quantitative second phase, based on the empirical case studies, a survey was elaborated and applied online. As a result of the online survey, it was obtained 123 valid records of a willful non-probability sampling. The results have suggested differences in the factors of influence in decision on product customization ranking. Other findings have derived from research: factors related to the distribution logistics of tangible products should be considered in deciding customization; tangible products have great load of associated services, both B2B and B2C markets. It is expected from these results, a step forward in contributing to future studies about decision on product customization.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-01T23:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 08.pdf: 5067048 bytes, checksum: 82f5a88d9c0784ceff1cf8542e4bfa7c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-01T23:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08.pdf: 5067048 bytes, checksum: 82f5a88d9c0784ceff1cf8542e4bfa7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Caixa Econômica Federal / O setor da construção civil tem buscado se adequar às exigências do mercado imobiliário para atender a um novo perfil de consumidor, com novos estilos de vida, esquemas de trabalho individualizados e maior nível de exigência. Empreendimentos têm sido reconfigurados e passaram a considerar com mais ênfase questões como a satisfação dos usuários e a qualidade da edificação. Algumas das opções adotadas pelas empresas são a flexibilização de projeto (diferentes opções de plantas) e a possibilidade de personalização das unidades (modificações de layouts de plantas, materiais de acabamento e instalações). Entretanto, com a participação dos usuários nas definições de projeto, a quantidade de intervenientes no processo e a troca de informações aumentaram, originando falhas na comunicação e na retroalimentação do projeto. Esta é uma das causas de retrabalho e perdas durante a execução da obra, gerando atrasos no cronograma da obra e elevando os custos de produção. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar os processos de flexibilização e personalização de unidades habitacionais, em edificações verticais residenciais de classe média comercializadas em Porto Alegre, RS. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de um estudo de casos, com entrevistas e acompanhamento de obras em quatro empresas construtoras de Porto Alegre. Além disso, foi realizada uma pesquisa na publicidade de venda de empreendimentos para identificar o nível de flexibilização e personalização ofertado no mercado imobiliário da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. A partir da análise destas informações foram propostas diretrizes para melhoria da gestão de projetos com possibilidade de modificações, tais como dispositivos móveis com Internet sem fio; extranets de projeto e softwares BIM, visando à eficiência da comunicação entre os intervenientes e a redução de retrabalho. / The construction sector has sought to suit the requirements of the real estate market to meet a new consumer profile, with new lifestyles, individualized work schemes and greater level of requirement. Ventures have been reconfigured and have come to consider issues such with more emphasis on user satisfaction and quality of building. Some of the options adopted by companies are the flexibility of design (different options of plants) and the possibility of customization of the units (modifications of plant layouts, finishing materials and installations). However, with the participation of users in the project settings, the quantity of interveners in the process and information exchange increased, causing failures in communication and feedback of design. This is one of the causes of rework and losses in the execution of the work, causing delays in the schedule of work and raising production costs. This study aims to investigate the processes of flexibility and customization of housing units in residential buildings vertical middle class sold in Porto Alegre, RS. The research was developed through a cases study with interviews and monitoring of works in four construction companies in Porto Alegre. In addition, a survey was conducted in the advertising sales of ventures to identify the level of flexibility and customization offered in real estate of the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre. From the analysis of this information have been proposed guidelines to improve the management of projects with possible modifications, such as mobile devices with wireless Internet, extranets design and BIM softwares, aiming at the efficiency of communication between interveners and reducing rework.

En general el diseño de las políticas habitacionales ha prescindido del conocimiento de la demanda específica. La producción del hábitat popular ha sido a través del uso de técnicas constructivas industrializadas, adoptando estrategias de producción masiva, con una eficiente utilización de los recursos, pero ignorando las exigencias individuales de cada familia, la pluralidad y el dinamismo de la sociedad. En consecuencia surgen complejos que no se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, donde los usuarios intervienen incorporando necesidades no previstas en el desarrollo del producto. A partir de un escenario industrial competitivo donde la diversidad del mercado es un nuevo factor para las empresas, surge la customización masiva como una nueva estrategia, capaz de satisfacer a los consumidores con diferentes productos sin aumentar significativamente los costos y el tiempo de entrega. En programas habitacionales la oferta de customización es muy limitada debido principalmente a lograr una economía de escala de la producción. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proponer formas de retroalimentar el proceso de desarrollo del producto a partir de las intervenciones realizadas por los usuarios. Fueron realizados dos estudios de casos de programas residenciales, donde la participación del usuario en el desarrollo del producto es diferente. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas, siendo la primera etapa A de comprensión del proceso de desarrollo del producto, caracterizando la empresa y los emprendimientos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes calificados, visitas a los emprendimientos y análisis de documentos técnicos. La etapa B tuvo como objetivo la planificación del levantamiento de datos para capturar las informaciones de las intervenciones de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las unidades. Para esto se realizóla colecta de datos a través de entrevistas, y cuestionarios estructurados a los usuarios, y análisis de las intervenciones a través de fotografías satelitales. La etapa C busco identificar oportunidades de procesamiento de los datos, para entender los requisitos de los usuarios y contribuir a mejorar el PDP. Se identificaron estrategias en el proceso de producción de un sistema industrializado de producción de viviendas, encontrando oportunidades de implementar mejoras en la capacidad de adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios producidos por los usuarios, aumentando la variabilidad y flexibilidad de las opciones de viviendas ofrecidas por la empresa. Conjuntamente con la empresa fueron analizadas las intervenciones y se identificaron oportunidades para adoptar distintos grados de customización. Las principales contribuciones del trabajo es comprender cuales son los requisitos de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las viviendas, para lograr un producto customizable en proyectos de vivienda de interés social y contribuir al desarrollo de productos industrializados que incorporen estos requisitos. / In general, housing policies have ignored knowledge on the specific needs of families in the design of housing projects. In fact, several industrialized building techniques have been used in social housing, often connected to the adoption of mass production ideas, with the aim of achieving a highly efficient use of resources, but ignoring the individual needs of each family, and the plurality and dynamism of the society. Consequently, there are many housing estates that do not fulfill the needs of the population, resulting in changes in the housing units carried out by the users so that their requirements can be properly considered. In an industrial setting that has growing competition, the diversity in the client needs has become a key factor for several companies in the manufacturing sector. In this context, mass customization has emerged as a new strategy, with the aim of satisfying users with different needs without significantly increasing costs and delivery time. However, in the social housing sector, very few programs offer the possibility of customization, mainly due to the need to achieve economies of scale. Thus, the aim of this research work is to propose guidelines for providing feedback to the product development process of social housing projects, based on product changes that have been made by the users after delivery. Two case studies were conducted in different residential projects, developed by the same company, in which the degree of user involvement in product development was different. The research method was divided into three stages. In stage A, the aim was to understand the product development process, the housing company involved in this investigation, as well as the three projects. The main sources of evidences used were interviews with company representatives, visits to the housing estates, and document analysis. Phase B involved the collection of data related to the product changes carried out by users in the three projects. The main sources of evidence used were interviews with a sample of users, direct observation of those changes, and analysis of interventions by using satellite photos. Phase C sought to propose guidelines for processing user requirement data, and to identify improvement opportunities in the product development process. Regarding the industrialized building system developed by the company, some improvements were proposed, mostly related to the capacity of adaptation of the system to the product changes often made by the users, increasing the variety and flexibility of the housing options offered by the company. In collaboration with company representatives, different degrees of customization were devised. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with how to capture and process requirements based on multiple sources of evidence, as well as to understand the nature of product changes demanded by the users, which can be useful for designing customized houses.

O emprego de uma estrutura mista de aço – concreto (laje em concreto e vigas em perfis de aço) representa a priori uma solução mais eficiente para estruturas de pontes do que a consideração de uma estrutura toda em concreto ou toda em aço. No entanto para que isto ocorra na prática é necessário um dimensionamento criterioso desta estrutura, o que deve ser feito tendo como apoio softwares de simulação numérica. No CEMACOM tem sido desenvolvidos vários trabalhos nesse tema, os quais resultaram num código computacional com capacidade para simular vigas mistas submetidas a cargas de curta duração ou cargas de longa duração. Em contraponto, nesse trabalho a proposta é customizar um software comercial de elementos finitos (ANSYS) para realizar as mesmas tarefas. Depois do modelo construído tem se vantagens pois se dispõe da plataforma do ANSYS que permite analisar vários problemas associados ao assunto. Fez-se uma proposta de modelo numérico para se analisar vigas mistas no ANSYS. Tendo como ponto de partida os trabalhos de Lazzari (2015) e Lazzari et al. (2016) para a implementação do comportamento do concreto, fez-se algumas implementações numa rotina tipo usermat para fazer análises de cargas de curta duração. Os efeitos de longa duração, fluência e retração, foram implementados na rotina usermat tendo como base os trabalhos de Dias (2013) e Moreno (2016). O código customizado foi comparado contra resultados experimentais e numéricos que demonstraram o adequado funcionamento do mesmo. Finalmente o ANSYS customizado foi aplicado para modelar uma estrutura de ponte que havia sido previamente calculada por Schmitz (2014) empregando procedimentos de projeto normalizados. Os resultados obtidos são comparados contra o processo normalizado e são apresentadas as vantagens deste processo. / The use of composite steel and concrete structures (concrete deck and steel profile beams) represents a priori a more efficient solution for bridges structure than the consideration of a whole structure with concrete or whole with steel. However for this to occur in practice it is necessary a consistent design of this structure, and this should be done with the support of softwares of numerical simulations. In CEMACOM have been developed many works in this theme, which resulted on a computational code with the capacity for simulate composite beams submitted to loads with short duration or loads with long duration. In counterpoint, in this work the proposal was to customize a commercial software of finite elements (ANSYS) to do the same tasks. After the construction of the model it have advantages because it is able to use the ANSYS platform, which permit to analyze various problems associated with this subject. It was done a numerical model for analysis of composite beams in ANSYS. Considering as the start point the works of Lazzari (2015) and Lazzari et al. (2016) for the implementation of concrete behavior, some implementations were done in a routine of the type usermat to make analysis with loads with short duration. The effects of long duration, creep and shrinkage, were implemented on the usermat routine considering the jobs of Dias (2013) and Moreno (2016). The customized code was compared with experimental and numerical results that demonstrated a proper functioning. Finally, the customized ANSYS was applied to modeling a bridge structure, which was previously designed in Schmitz (2014) using standard proceedings. The obtained results are compared with the standard procedure and it is presented the advantages of this more complex proceeding.