O objetivo deste trabalho é fabricar próteses cranianas personalizados de baixo custo, em chapa de titânio puro. A fabricação antecipada do implante de acordo com as características do paciente permite ao cirurgião estudar e planejar a cirurgia com maiores possibilidades de atingir o resultado esperado, a personalização contribui para o resultado estético e funcional do implante, já que considera a anatomia de cada paciente, o custo baixo permite que um maior número de pessoas possam ser beneficiadas. Os experimentos práticos iniciam-se com aquisição de imagens tomográficas computadorizadas de um crânio defeituoso, reconstruiu-se digitalmente em CAD o crânio com defeito e também a reparadora (implante). A fabricação do implante em chapa de titânio puro grau 2 foi realizada por estampagem incremental, processo de baixo custo e que permite a fabricação customizada de peças. Foram comparadas as dimensões entre o modelo CAD e o modelo físico do implante. A partir da imagem tomográfica também foi gerado o modelo CAD do crânio fraturado e foi feita a usinagem do mesmo em madeira para a realização do teste funcional do implante onde foi comprovada a funcionalidade do mesmo, indicando a eficiência dos recursos e parâmetros utilizados. A ferramenta utilizada para a estampagem incremental foi fabricada em aço SAE 4340 com ponta intercambiável de titânio puro e o lubrificante utilizado no processo foi a base de gordura animal para evitar a contaminação da prótese. Foi feito o tratamento térmico de alivio de tensões na prótese estampada para manter as dimensões geométricas após o corte da prótese, melhoria na rugosidade superficial e biocompatibilidade do titânio. Após o tratamento térmico foram feitas análises na rugosidade e teste de molhabilidade no implante, onde os resultados mostraram que a prótese tratada termicamente muda as características biomecânicas. Para analise da geometria do implante foi feito uma varredura por escâner e comparação com o modelo CAD da prótese. / The work main objective is manufacture custom cranial implants with low cost, in titanium pure sheet. The prior implant fabrication according with the characteristics of the patient allow surgeon to study and planning surgeries with greater possibilities to achieve expected results. The customization helps for esthetic and functional results of implant, because regards the anatomy of each patient, the low cost allow the most people receive benefits. Practical experiments began with acquisition of computed tomographic images of a defective cranium, rebuilt the implant and this cranium in CAD images. Implant manufacture in titanium sheet pure grade 2, was performed with incremental forming, this process have low cost and enables to produce custom pieces. The implant dimensions been compared between the CAD Model and Physic Model. Starting with the tomographic image was generate the CAD Model of fractured cranium, and was make a machining the same in wood for realization of functional implant test, which was confirmed the same functionality, indicating resource efficiency and the parameters used. The tool used for sheet forming been manufactured in SAE 4340 steel with interchangeable point of pure titanium, and the lubricant used in the process has been the basis animal grease to avoid the implant contamination. Heat treatment was done to reduce the relief of stresses at the implant formed to maintain the geometric dimensions after the implant cut, superficial roughness better and titanium biocompatibility. After heat treatment, the average roughness analyzes performed and wettability test in the implant, witch results shows the treated prosthesis changes the biomechanical characteristics. For analysis of the implant geometry, was used a scanner and compared with the CAD model of the prosthesis.

A Customização em Massa (CM) consiste em uma estratégia direcionada ao atendimento de necessidades específicas dos clientes mantendo os custos de produção próximos à produção em massa. Entre as alternativas para promover a implantação da CM, sugere-se a promoção de maior flexibilidade dos processos produtivos e um Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produto (PDP) orientado à CM. Como forma promover a CM por meio do PDP, este trabalho tem por objetivo desenvolver um instrumento para identificar e selecionar métodos, ferramentas e técnicas para o PDP orientado à CM mais indicadas para as particularidades do projeto de desenvolvimento de produto de cada empresa. Entre os resultados do trabalho está o levantamento desses métodos, ferramentas e técnicas para o PDP orientado à CM dispersas na literatura, assim como o desenvolvimento de mecanismos para a seleção destes métodos, ferramentas e técnicas para o PDP. Sua principal contribuição consiste no desenvolvimento de um repositório de conhecimentos para a gestão do processo de transformação do PDP da empresa para os benefícios da estratégia de CM. / Mass Customization seeks to meet customers specific needs while maintaining the low production costs associated with mass production. Its implementation passes through a greater flexibility of the manufacturing system and a New Product Development (NPD) process oriented to Mass Customization. This study aims to identify and select methods, tools and techniques for the New Product Development necessary for Mass Customization implementation. Its main achievement is the consolidation of a useful library of these methods, tools and techniques and a system to aid the selection of the most appropriate solution to implement Mass Customization.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / No atual cenÃrio da construÃÃo civil, apresentam-se como desafio o atendimento da demanda por habitaÃÃes e a superaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas do setor que o tornam ineficiente em relaÃÃo à produtividade e confiabilidade dos produtos. Diante dessa problemÃtica, encontram-se como alternativas o resgate dos conceitos da CoordenaÃÃo Modular e a implementaÃÃo do Building Information Modeling (BIM). A escolha dos temas parte da percepÃÃo de que ambos atuam em objetivos comuns no que diz respeito à integraÃÃo e otimizaÃÃo de informaÃÃes, racionalizando os processos projetuais e construtivos, enquanto permitem uma flexibilidade de combinaÃÃo de elementos, facilitando a geraÃÃo de novas soluÃÃes. A partir de levantamento bibliogrÃfico, confirmou-se a existÃncia de lacunas de conhecimento, principalmente no que diz respeito à integraÃÃo dos assuntos abordados. Assim, o trabalho visa investigar o potencial de associaÃÃo entre BIM e CoordenaÃÃo Modular, atravÃs do desenvolvimento de uma aplicaÃÃo para fins demonstrativos, alÃm do registro da sua metodologia. Trata-se da interposiÃÃo de duas temÃticas com arcabouÃo teÃrico consolidado para a geraÃÃo de novos conhecimentos (metodologia) e um produto final que garanta sua aplicabilidade: um plug-in. O trabalho foi dividido em trÃs etapas: CompreensÃo, Desenvolvimento e ValidaÃÃo. A CompreensÃo incluiu a descoberta do problema inicial, considerando sua relevÃncia prÃtica e teÃrica; e um primeiro estudo dos principais temas envolvidos. O Desenvolvimento consistiu na investigaÃÃo de uma metodologia para a traduÃÃo dos princÃpios da CoordenaÃÃo Modular em parÃmetros aplicÃveis ao BIM, visando à representaÃÃo de um primeiro sistema construtivo: a alvenaria racionalizada em blocos cerÃmicos. A ValidaÃÃo incluiu a programaÃÃo do plug-in com os parÃmetros gerados na etapa anterior; sua aplicaÃÃo em situaÃÃo real e a aplicaÃÃo da metodologia desenvolvida em um segundo sistema construtivo (light steel framing). Os resultados incluem a criaÃÃo da versÃo inicial de um plug-in, com a funÃÃo de gerar automaticamente as paginaÃÃes de blocos cerÃmicos para a alvenaria racionalizada; a proposiÃÃo de uma metodologia para o reconhecimento de regras de construÃÃo para objetos modulados, no caso, sistemas construtivos; e a verificaÃÃo que BIM e CoordenaÃÃo Modular utilizados em conjunto podem potencializar aspectos jà positivos de cada uma separadamente. A referÃncia dimensional Ãnica da CoordenaÃÃo Modular facilita o processo de criaÃÃo de parÃmetros para a alimentaÃÃo do sistema BIM, possibilitando a geraÃÃo de novas funÃÃes, alÃm da melhoria na comunicaÃÃo entre profissionais de especialidades diferentes. Por outro lado, o BIM disponibiliza ferramentas associadas a novos conceitos que permitem um ambiente virtual integrado, uma melhor visualizaÃÃo de informaÃÃes e automatizaÃÃo de funÃÃes, onde os princÃpios da CoordenaÃÃo Modular podem ser aplicados e compreendidos. / Due to changes occurring in the Civil Construction scenario, it is important to emphasize the challenge to achieve the growing demand for housing and overcome deficiencies of the sector related to productivity and the reliability of the products, from design to construction. In this context, Modular Coordination and Building Information Modeling (BIM) emerge as potential strategies to improve communication and integration among the different professionals involved in the project, as rationalizes the processes and allows a flexible combination of elements, which facilitates the generation of new solutions. The literature review confirmed the existence of knowledge gaps, particularly concerning to the integration of both subjects. Thus, this study presents the customization of a BIM tool, according to Modular Coordination rules, in order to investigate possibilities of association between them. As a result, is proposed a methodology for translating the Modular Coordination rules in parameters that feed into a BIM application, developed over the creation of a plug-in. The study is divided into three stages: understanding, development and validation. The understanding stage included the discovery of the research problem, considering its practical and theoretical relevancies, and a first study about the major issues, in order to obtain the knowledge to begin the investigation. It also included the selection of the object to be represented through the plug-in application and the programming strategy for the customization of the tool. The development consists of an exploratory study that starts the proposed construction (plug-in) and generates the parameters to represent an object, previously chosen: rationalized ceramic blocks masonry. Finally, the validation includes programming an initial version of the plug-in with the parameters generated in the previous step, its application in a real situation and the methodology application in a second constructive system (light steel framing). The results include creating an early version of a plug-in, with the function to automatically generate layouts of ceramic blocks for rationalized masonry; proposing a methodology for the recognition of rules of construction for modulated objects, in this case, constructive systems; and verifying that BIM and Modular Coordination used together may enhance their positive individual aspects. The dimensional reference of Modular Coordination facilitates the process of creating parameters for BIM applications, which facilitates the generation of new functions, in addition to improving communication between professionals of different specialties. Furthermore, BIM has features related to new concepts that enhance the visualization of information, automates functions and allow an integrated virtual environment, where the principles of modular coordination may be better used and understood.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-19T20:46:24Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 01.pdf: 12203869 bytes, checksum: 644c7be4e11c953bf1441ed21c09b796 (MD5) Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 02.pdf: 9864791 bytes, checksum: e55d7e463db5e8018da27aef82795c18 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-22T12:57:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 01.pdf: 12203869 bytes, checksum: 644c7be4e11c953bf1441ed21c09b796 (MD5) Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 02.pdf: 9864791 bytes, checksum: e55d7e463db5e8018da27aef82795c18 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T12:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 01.pdf: 12203869 bytes, checksum: 644c7be4e11c953bf1441ed21c09b796 (MD5) Dissertação - Ana Paula Neres de Santana Bandeira - 2016 - parte 02.pdf: 9864791 bytes, checksum: e55d7e463db5e8018da27aef82795c18 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Despite the exponencial advances in information and communication technologies, there are still some obstacles when the aim are those users with some kind of disabillity, whether physical, intelectual, visual or hearing. Starting with an analysis of sites – a government one and another oriented to the public with visual impairment – taken as parameters studies of Brazilian legislation on web accessibility and the Principles of Universal Design, it appears that existing solutions, when assimilated in the projects, still incur in discriminatory and inefficient solutions. Starting with the proposal that the very technological advances and the formation of a cyberculture based on post-massive media follows personalizable and customizable solutions, it is proposed a customizable system design for educational e-books user oriented on Universal Design perspectives that are characterized as a totally inclusive design. / Mesmo com o avanço exponencial das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, seu alcance ainda encontra obstáculos quando os destinatários são usuários com algum tipo de deficiência, seja física, intelectual, visual ou auditiva. A partir de uma análise de sites — um governamental e outro orientado para o público com deficiência visual —, tomando-se por parâmetros estudos da legislação brasileira sobre acessibilidade na web e os Princípios do Design Universal, verifica-se que as soluções existentes, quando assimiladas nos projetos, ainda incorrem em caminhos discriminatórios e pouco eficientes. A partir da proposta de que os próprios avanços tecnológicos e a formação de uma cultura cibernética com base nas mídias pós-massivas resultam em soluções personalizáveis e customizáveis, propõe-se o projeto de um sistema customizável para e-books educacionais orientado a usuários nas perspectivas do Design Universal que se caracterize como um projeto amplamente inclusivo.

An increasing amount of technology in cars makes new ideas and solutions necessary. This study will explore the idea of a personalized driver environment and investigate possible benefits and drawbacks with such a feature. The study consists of three parts: a pre-study exploring personalization, a survey investigating the attitudes towards personal settings, and finally an interview testing a specific solution. The survey was distributed in USA and Sweden while the interviews were conducted with Swedish subjects. Overall, the concept of a personalized car has been well received. This study has shown that the most requested settings are associated with the driver position, hi-fi system and climate. The study also suggests that feeling in control of the personalization is more important than the benefits associated with automation. The user prefers visible solutions, such as a personal button on the key before hidden (e.g. using a button sequence or a menu system). Such a button promotes the feature while allowing the user to interact with the car in a familiar way. However, since little real user experience exists with such solutions it is important to continue research when further developing personalization of a car.

The brick and mortar stores are decreasing their field of activity meanwhile online retail is increasing. Hence the purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine if the clothing industries’ brick a nd mortar stores could change their down going trend by using both location-based marketing and the digital footprints of a customer as part of their strategy.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16377号 / 工博第3458号 / 新制||工||1523(附属図書館) / 29008 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 大津 宏康, 教授 河野 広隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychology / James C. Shanteau / Unstructured decision making is a dynamic process where an individual must create an alternative because one is not available or provided. In this type of a decision, an individual may not have formed preferences or may not know the path to arrive at a solution. As opposed to selecting from existing alternatives, little research examines when decision makers create an alternative. Electronic commerce websites allow individuals to create a product by customizing it. A web-based simulation called Interactive Choice was developed for the investigation. It is an interactive naturalistic decision space permitting experimental controls such as random placement of participants into conditions and random display of stimuli. Participants customized three products (pizza, cell phones, shoes). Building on theoretical foundations of unfolding model and Image Theory, a model asserts the presentation of the information and preparation of the decision maker influences a decision maker. A phased examination explores decision makers’ cognitive processes by measuring participants’ evaluations of the product created and the process to create it. In the first phase, three experiments find, contrary to previous independent investigations, participants rarely retain a pre-selected default value. Logistic regression reveals that the odds ratio of predicting default retention is dependent on product type. In the second phase, results identify that problem solving instructions influence decision making. Analyses of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis reveal patterns for default retention and problem solving instructions that define an electronic decision aid called Choice Builder. The dissertation suggests that when an individual creates a product, he or she has more control over the process that subsequently reduces the influence of the default. A new theoretical foundation is proposed identifying that for unstructured decisions individuals construct both decision strategies and preferences while creating an alternative. With an active process of acquiring and evaluating information, an individual forms a decision strategy and updates preferences to achieve an ideal outcome. This dissertation makes four contributions that include 1) a research tool, Interactive Choice, for exploration, 2) the identification of cognitive processes involved, 3) a proposal of a new theoretical approach, and 4) an electronic decision aid, Choice Builder.

Master of Science / Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering / David H. Ben-Arieh / In present competitive market, there is growing concern for ascertaining and fulfilling the individual customer’s wants and needs. Therefore, the focus of manufacturing has been shifting from mass production to mass customization, which requires the manufacturers to introduce an increasing number of products with shorter life span and at a lower cost. Also, another challenge is to manage the variety of products in an environment where demands are stochastic and the lead times to fulfill those demands are short. The focus of this thesis is to develop and investigate platform based production strategies, as opposed to producing each product independently, which would ensure the economic production of the broader specialized products with small final assembly time and under demand uncertainty. The thesis proposes three different platform based production models. The first model considers the economic production of products based on a single platform and with forecasted demands of the products. The model is formulated as a general optimization problem that considers the minimization of total production costs. The second model is the extension of the first model and considers the production of products based on multiple platforms and considers the minimization of total production costs and the setup costs of having multiple platforms. The third model is also an extension of the first model and considers the demands of the products to be stochastic in nature. The model considers the minimization of total production costs and shortage costs of lost demands and holding cost of surplus platforms under demand uncertainties. The problem is modeled as a two stage stochastic programming with recourse. As only the small instances of the models could be solved exactly in a reasonable time, various heuristics are developed by combining the genetic evolutionary search approaches and some operations research techniques to solve the realistic size problems. The various production models are validated and the performances of the various heuristics tailored for the applications are investigated by applying these solution approaches on a case of cordless drills.

The aim of the thesis is to provide an overview of the automobile aftermarket customization and to evaluate its potential on the Czech market. The first goal is to understand why product design is crucial for consumers in general and to highlight its importance for automobile industry. Moving forward, the historical development of the automotive design with emphasis on external factors influencing technical and design development and, consequently customers preferences is provided. In order to analyze the potential of the customizing companies in the Czech Republic, a research among several Czech and German modifiers was conducted. The outcomes of the research enabled to draw the conclusions and evaluate the actual potential of automobile aftermarket modification.