The movement of people is not a new phenomenon; it has always been associated with economic growth as foreign nationalities play a significant role in the local economic development of the area of destination. The increase in foreign migration from Mozambique is a true reflection of the important role that foreigners play in the local economic development of Kwa-Ngwanase District Municipality, UMhabuyalingana. This study seeks to assess the role played by foreigners from Mozambique towards the local economic development of UMhlabuyalingana, which is situated in the northeastern corner of the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In particular, the study investigates the attitude of the local people towards foreign nationals from Mozambique. The main hypothesis advanced in this study is the positive relationship extant between the influx of foreign nationals from Mozambique to Kwa-Ngwanase and the local economic development of the area. The empirical data for this study was generated through the use of questionnaires. The findings of this study reveal that the local people of UMhlabuyalingana believe that the South African government can rely on foreign nationals for economic growth and skills transfer in the LED projects. It was evident from the fieldwork conducted that the majority of the foreign nationals are not employed in the LED projects, but are instead are involved in trading/business ventures for themselves. The study further established that the foreigners spend their financial returns locally rather than at home/area of origin. Finally, the recommendations advanced by the study highlight that the local municipality should strive towards ensuring that foreign nationals are included in the local economic development of the Kwa-Ngwanase District Municipality. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The aim of this thesis is to probe how Mozambican people were represented or constructed in the colonial and post-colonial periods through the columns of the Portuguese newspaper, ‘O Século de Joanesburgo’. The study examines a corpus of 58, 070 tokens (consisting of 100 articles, 50 for colonial and 50 for postcolonial periods), which were systematically selected from the political, sport, letters to the reader and editorial domains published from 1970 to 1980. The analytical framework for this study is threefold. It is informed by corpus linguistics (CL) as described by, amongst others, McEnery and Wilson (1996/2001) and Bennett (2010); critical discourse analysis (CDA), in particular the work of Van Dijk (1996; 2003), Wodak (1995; 2011) and Wodak and Meyer (2009) and multimodal discourse analysis (MDA) as used by Kress and van Leeuwen (1996; 1998; 2006), Kress (2010) and Machin and Mayr (2012)

Since the end of South Africa’s Apartheid era, South Africans have become more aware of hate crimes that discriminate not on the basis of skin colour, but nationality. Among the targets of this xenophobic hate are Mozambican foreign nationals, one of the largest foreign national populations in South Africa. Structured Mozambican communities have been identified, offering support to their members in this environment. This study explores the impact of the xenophobic discourse on the Mozambican identity, particularly within the Mozambican community of Freedom Park, Soweto. Based on the social constructionist acknowledgement of multiple realities, this study used the African worldview as an epistemological framework to inform the methodology appropriate for this participant group. 12 participants, identified through convenience sampling, engaged in one group conversation that explored their understandings of their Mozambican identity and the corresponding impact of South Africa’s xenophobic discourse. Following thematic content analysis, four themes were identified. Participants showed a strong sense of national pride in their shared Mozambican heritage, linked to support from their community and their government. Secondly, participants perceived a positive Mozambican identity that emphasized work- related characteristics. Thirdly, participants showed concern over how South Africans perceive them. Finally, the Mozambican identity was de-emphasized when discussing xenophobia. Participants adopted similar ideas to Mbeki’s African Renaissance, in drawing on the broad categories of ‘blacks’ and ‘Africans’ and redefining the boundaries of belonging. In conclusion, implications for future research and government interventions are discussed / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Since the end of South Africa’s Apartheid era, South Africans have become more aware of hate crimes that discriminate not on the basis of skin colour, but nationality. Among the targets of this xenophobic hate are Mozambican foreign nationals, one of the largest foreign national populations in South Africa. Structured Mozambican communities have been identified, offering support to their members in this environment. This study explores the impact of the xenophobic discourse on the Mozambican identity, particularly within the Mozambican community of Freedom Park, Soweto. Based on the social constructionist acknowledgement of multiple realities, this study used the African worldview as an epistemological framework to inform the methodology appropriate for this participant group. 12 participants, identified through convenience sampling, engaged in one group conversation that explored their understandings of their Mozambican identity and the corresponding impact of South Africa’s xenophobic discourse. Following thematic content analysis, four themes were identified. Participants showed a strong sense of national pride in their shared Mozambican heritage, linked to support from their community and their government. Secondly, participants perceived a positive Mozambican identity that emphasized work- related characteristics. Thirdly, participants showed concern over how South Africans perceive them. Finally, the Mozambican identity was de-emphasized when discussing xenophobia. Participants adopted similar ideas to Mbeki’s African Renaissance, in drawing on the broad categories of ‘blacks’ and ‘Africans’ and redefining the boundaries of belonging. In conclusion, implications for future research and government interventions are discussed / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Immunisations are one of the most important interventions to decrease mortality and provide a foundation for a successful health system. Eliminating disparities in immunisation access is needed to meet immunisation coverage goals. Although migrants have been identified as influencing recent measles outbreaks in South Africa, research on access to immunisations is lacking for migrants in the country. Numerous barriers to accessing health care have been reported for international migrants in South Africa despite official policies of equal access. Children of Mozambican refugees may be a vulnerable group and not being immunised because of their migration status or other socio-economic and demographic factors. This study aims to determine immunisation rates in rural South Africa and identify socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing immunisation access including being a child of a refugee. All children under 5 years during 2003 and 2006 censuses in the Agincourt subdistrict, Mpumalanga, South Africa (N=17,532) are included in this retrospective, nested cross-sectional multivariate analysis of immunisation access community level data. Immunisation rates are approximately 85% for the first immunisation but rates for subsequent dosing decreased and only 5% of children of appropriate age obtained all immunisations on the South African immunisation schedule. Children of former Mozambican refugees were significantly more likely to be immunised than South African children (OR=1.59, p=0.018) controlling for other socio-economic and demographic characteristics. Children who lived in a village with a clinic (OR=1.43, p=0.015), children with older mothers (OR=1.02, p=0.028), and children in households with higher wealth (OR=1.13, p=0.033) were also more likely to be immunised. Strategies for increasing immunisation access should focus on delivery of services to villages without health care facilities, providing support and outreach to poorer and younger mothers, and ensuring continuing engagement with the immunisation programme. This study adds to the sparse existing research on predictors of immunisation access in South Africa as well as health care access for refugees in South Africa. This research shows that health care access can be higher for international migrants than the host population. Policymakers can use this research to target vulnerable groups to decrease disparities. / Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3266.pdf: 1337236 bytes, checksum: 9f280d10b6bc6345b48ad7a66e3a7609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-20 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The paper shows how identity processes are built for Mozambican students established in Belo Horizonte - arriving through agreements between governments and higher institutions of both countries - and how are woven their social networks. To this end, these students were observed as they related to each other, with Brazilians and Africans of other nationalities in their daily life. Through the fieldwork was noted in this migration, family networks and kinship being re-built. Likewise, through stories of prejudice and exoticism about the way of being and living of these individuals, their phenotype and behavior, it was perceived as ethnic and race relations were taking place and these students were transformed into Brazilian territory. Thus, throughout the dissertation refers to the concepts of ethnicity, race, nationality, kinship and social networks because they are interwoven to show a better understanding of the presence of Mozambican students in Brazil. / A pesquisa mostra como são construídos os processos identitários de estudantes moçambicanos estabelecidos em Belo Horizonte - que chegam por meio de convênios entre os governos e instituições superiores de ambos os países - e de que maneira são tecidas suas redes de sociabilidade. Para tal, foi observado como estes estudantes se relacionavam entre si, com brasileiros e com africanos de outras nacionalidades em suas relações cotidianas. Através do trabalho de campo notou-se neste fluxo migratório, redes familiares e de parentesco sendo re-construídas. Da mesma maneira, por meio de histórias de preconceitos e exotismos sobre o modo de ser e de viver destes sujeitos, sua fenotipia e seu comportamento, percebeu-se como as relações étnicas e raciais se operavam nesses estudantes e eram transformadas em território brasileiro. Assim, ao longo da dissertação recorre-se aos conceitos de etnia, raça, nacionalidade, parentesco e redes de sociabilidade pois, estes mostram-se imbricados para uma melhor compreensão da presença destes estudantes moçambicanos no Brasil.

The researcher conducted an in-depth analysis of the criminality and criminal behaviour of selected sample-specific, African, adult male Mozambican and Zimbabwean foreign offenders, incarcerated at South Africa’s Losperfontein Correctional Centre. The causes, contributory factors and motives of their crimes were determined, and their criminogenic needs and risks identified. The needs and risks of foreign offenders were found to differ from those of South African offenders significantly. To address criminogenic needs and risks of foreign offenders, and to enhance their self-development and rehabilitation, recommendations for each individual case study are made. / Boleng ka botlalo le tshetshereganyo ya thuto ya patlisiso ya boitsholo jwa bosenyi jwa monna wa mogodi wa Mozambique le basiamolodi ba boditshaba ba Zimbabwe ba ba golegilweng kwa Setheong sa Kgopololo sa Losperfontein mo Aforika Borwa (Brits, Porofense ya Bokone-Bophirima) e ne ya dirwa. Mabaka, dintlha tsa kabelo le maitlhomo a bosenyi jwa bona di tlhomamisitswe le ditlhokwa tsa keriminojeniki le ditekelelo di lemogilwe. Mokgwa wa basiamolodi o ne wa tlhaloswa mo letlhakoreng la ditiori tsa keriminoloji, tse di akaretsang karolo ya thanolo le tshetshereganyo ya data. Diphitlhelelo di tshitshinya gore ditlhokwa le ditekelelo tsa basiamolodi di farologana le tsa basiamolodi ba mo gae. Go sekaseka ditlhokwa tsa keriminojeki le ditekelelo tsa basiamolodi ba boditshaba le go oketsa boitlhabololo jwa bona le tsosoloso, dikatlenegiso tsa dithuto tsa patlisisio dingwe le dingwe di dirilwe. / Go dirilwe tshekatsheko ya nyakišišo ye e tseneletšego ya khwalithethifi ya maitshwaro a bosenyi a basenyi ba banna ba dinagašele ba Mozambique le Zimbabwe ba ba golegilwego ka Senthareng ya Tshokollo ya Losperfontein (Brits, Profenseng ya Bokone Bophirima) ya Afrika Borwa. Dibakwa, mabaka a seabe le mabaka a bosenyi bja bona di laeditšwe gomme go hlaotšwe le dinyakwa tša bona tša mabaka a tshenyo le dikotsi. Maitshwaro a basenyi a hlalositšwe go ya ka diteori tša bosenyi, tšeo di bopago karolo ya tlhathollo le tshekatsheko ya datha. Dikutullo di šišinya gore dinyakwa le dikotsi tša basenyi ba dinagašele di fapana le tša basenyi ba go belegelwa ka mono nageng. Go šogana le dinyakwa tša mabaka a tshenyo le dikotsi tša basenyi ba dinagašele le go matlafatša boihlabollo bja bona le tshokollo, go dirilwe ditšhišinyo tša nyakišišo ye nngwe le ye nngwe. / Criminology and Security Science / M. A. (Criminology)