Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [79]-87).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan.

Η διπλωματική αυτή εργασία σχετίζεται με την ανίχνευση νεοπλασιών σε μαστογραφίες. Στις μέρες μας, έχουμε μία καλή εικόνα για τον τρόπο που δημιουργείται ο καρκίνος. Αυτό βοηθά στην βελτίωση της θεραπείας αλλά και στην μείωση εμφάνισης της πάθησης. Το κλειδί για την επιτυχή καταπολέμηση της νόσου είναι η πρώιμη ανίχνευση. Οι πιο διαδεδομένες μέθοδοι εξέτασης και διάγνωσης καρκίνου του μαστού είναι η αυτοεξέταση των μαστών από την ίδια τη γυναίκα, η τακτική προληπτική εξέταση του στήθους από το γιατρό καθώς και η πρόληψη μέσω της μεθόδου της μαστογραφίας. Η ανίχνευση του καρκίνου, είναι μια διαδικασία δύσκολη και απαιτεί υψηλό βαθμό αυτοσυγκέντρωσης. Τα νεοπλάσματα αποτελούν παθολογίες και μπορούν να καταταχθούν σε καλοήθη και κακοήθη με ενδιάμεσες διαβαθμίσεις. Το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό των βιοψιών καταλήγουν τελικά να είναι καλοήθεις. Το νεόπλασμα του μαστού είναι το συχνότερο νεόπλασμα του γυναικείου πληθυσμού. Η διαδικασία συρρίκνωσης της εικόνας, ο αλγόριθμος μετατροπής βάθους των εικονοστοιχείων, ο εμπλουτισμός και η κλιμάκωση της εικόνας αποτελούν κάποιες μεθόδους βελτίωσης της ψηφιακής εικόνας στον τομέα της μαστογραφίας. Περιγράφονται οι τεχνικές ανίχνευσης των ανωμαλιών, με τη βοήθεια των οποίων, μπορούν να εντοπιστούν ανωμαλίες των ιστών στις μαστογραφικές εικόνες. Τέτοιες μορφές ανωμαλιών είναι οι οζώδεις σκιάσεις και οι μικροαποτιτανώσεις. Παρουσιάζονται τα λεγόμενα συστήματα απόφασης και πιο συγκεκριμένα, περιγράφεται ο ορισμός και οι αρχές λειτουργίας των νευρωνικών δικτύων που αποτελούν και τα πιο ευρέως χρησιμοποιούμενα. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται μια μέθοδος ανίχνευσης νεοπλασιών σε μαστογραφίες, ξεκινώντας από μία γενική εισαγωγή στο σύστημα και στα επίπεδα από τα οποία αποτελείται, και συνεχίζοντας με την ανάλυση των μεθόδων που χρησιμοποιεί. / This assignment is related to neoplasia detection in mammograms. Nowadays, we are aware of the way cancer is created. This fact helps to the improvement of the treatment and also to the reduction of the disease appearance. The key to the successful opposition of the disease is the precocity detection. The most prevalent examination and diagnosis methods of breast cancer are self-examination, regular preventive examination by a doctor and the prevention through the method of mammography. Breast cancer detection, is a difficult procedure and requires a high degree of concentration. Neoplasms represent pathologies and can be categorized in benign and malignant. Breast neoplasm is the most common neoplasm of the female population. The procedure of shrinking the digital image, the depth transduction algorithm of the pixels, the enhancement and the scale of the image, comprise some improvement methods of the digital image in the field of mammography. There is a description of the techniques used for detecting abnormalities of the tissues. Masses and micro-calcifications are examples of that kind of abnormalities. Furthermore, there is a presentation of the well known decision systems, and particularly, definition and principles of functionality of neural networks are described, which are the most widely used. Finally, a new method of neoplasias detection is presented in mammograms, starting from a general introduction of the system and the levels it consists of, and continuing with the analysis of the methods used.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_cd_me_arafcf.pdf: 343315 bytes, checksum: 55167744aca71f0e9ff073df79cd2825 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar vários métodos de avaliação nutricional aplicados a pacientes oncológicos. No primeiro capítulo, discutiu-se a literatura existente sobre o tema, a fim de servir de subsídio para alertar os profissionais de saúde sobre a importância e as implicações do estado nutricional do paciente para seu prognóstico e qualidade de vida. No segundo capítulo, realizou-se a adaptação cultural da Avaliação Subjetiva Global – Produzida pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP) e estimou-se sua reprodutibilidade. No terceiro capítulo, calculou-se as medidas estimadas de peso e altura de 62 pacientes, avaliou-se sua correlação e concordância com as medidas reais e identificou-se o risco de desnutrição de pacientes oncológicos, o qual foi aferido a partir de diferentes métodos. No quarto capítulo, investigou-se as características clínicas, sócio-demográficas e o estado nutricional de 134 pacientes oncológicos atendidos no Hospital Amaral Carvalho- Jaú, SP, no período de abril a novembro de 2008 / The aim of this study was to describe the several methods of nutritional assessment applied in patients with cancer. In the first chapter, the current literature on this topic is described in order to make health professionals aware of the importance and implications of the nutritional status for the prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. In the second chapter, the transcultural adaptation of the “Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed and its reliability was estimated. In the third chapter, the estimated measures of weight and height (n=62) were calculated, the correlation and concordance with real measurements were assessed, and the risk of malnutrition of patients with cancer was identified by means of different methods of evaluation. In the fourth chapter, the clinical and demographic characteristics, and the nutritional status of 134 oncologic patients at Amaral Carvalho Hospital-Jaú, SP, are investigated between April and November 2008

Submitted by PRISCILA SILVA null (priscilasvet@gmail.com) on 2018-04-05T14:21:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Priscila Silva.pdf: 1846233 bytes, checksum: 95363950f8300b574023fbfe2f7b3eb8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-04-06T10:29:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_p_me_jabo.pdf: 1846233 bytes, checksum: 95363950f8300b574023fbfe2f7b3eb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T10:29:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_p_me_jabo.pdf: 1846233 bytes, checksum: 95363950f8300b574023fbfe2f7b3eb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A incidência de neoplasmas mamários em cadelas tem aumentado o seu diagnóstico juntamente com a sobrevida desses animais e a avaliação completa das mamas e anexos é fundamental para o diagnóstico adequado. Uma característica dos neoplasmas mamários é a grande capacidade de desenvolver metástase e os linfonodos regionais por serem responsáveis pela drenagem das mamas, desenvolvem um papel importante na disseminação de células tumorais, sendo um fator prognóstico negativo para os pacientes. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para detecção do linfonodo sentinela e identificação prévia de alterações contribuem positivamente na sobrevida do paciente. Todavia, a maioria dos métodos utilizados para o diagnóstico conclusivo são métodos invasivos. Sendo assim, este estudo prospectivo visou avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade das técnicas ultrassonográficas para avaliação de linfonodos locoreginais em cadelas com tumores mamários (Modo-B, Doppler em cores e Elastografia Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse - ARFI), pela diferenciação da malignidade (livres, reativos e metastáticos) Linfonodos axilares (n = 96) e inguinais (n = 100) ipsilaterais de cadeias mamárias de 100 cadelas acometidas foram avaliados por meio da ultrassonografia modo-B (comprimento, altura, relação eixo curto/longo, forma, ecotextura e ecogenicidade), Doppler em cores (presença ou ausência de vascularização) e Elastografia ARFI (rigidez, padrão, deformabilidade, velocidade de cisalhamento e profundidade). As variáveis que obtiveram diferença significativa foram valor de corte, sensibilidade, especificidade, área sobre a curva e acurácia. A velocidade de cisalhamento obtida pela elastografia ARFI apresentou sensibilidade de 95%, especificidade de 87% e acurácia de 90% em linfonodos inguinais com metástase, com valor de corte > 2.5 m/s, e sensibilidade 100%, especificidade 94% e acurácia 90%, com valor de corte > 2,4m/s em axilares metastáticos, demonstrando ser um método adequado e não invasivo para detecção de linfonodos com metástase. Ao elastograma, a presença de estruturas neoplásicas mais rígidas (áreas avermelhadas) foram indicativas de malignidade, com as reativas com menor rigidez (áreas esverdeadas) e as normais (áreas azuladas) menos rígidas que as anteriores. Concluiu-se que a avaliação dos linfonodos por meio da elastografia ARFI é um preditor eficaz na detecção de linfonodos com metástase, reativos ou livres. Assim, a inclusão deste exame na clínica veterinária e oncologia é recomendada principalmente por ser uma técnica não invasiva, inócua e que pode melhorar o prognóstico do paciente. / The incidence of mammary neoplasms in bitches has increased their diagnosis along with a survival of the animals and a complete evaluation of the mammarys and appendages is fundamental for the proper diagnosis. A characteristic of mammary neoplasms is a great capacity to develop regional metaphors and lymph nodes because they are responsible for the production of breasts, they play an important role in the dissemination of tumor cells, being a negative prognostic factor for the patients. The development of new techniques for lymph node detection and the preventive identification of positive contributions to patient survival. However, most of the methods used for conclusive diagnosis are invasive methods. (B-mode, Doppler in nuclei and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography - ARFI), by the difference in the literature, reactive and metastatic measurements of malignancy (lp, Doppler color and Elastography). Axillary lymph nodes (n = 96) and inguinal lymph nodes (n = 100) ipsilateral mammary chains of 100 bitches were reassessed by means of B-mode ultrasonography (length, height, short / long axis, shape, ecotexture and echogenicity), core Doppler (presence or absence of vascularization) and ARFI Elastography (stiffness, pattern, deformability, shear velocity and depth). The variables that obtained the significant difference have cut-off value, sensitivity, specificity, area over the curve and accuracy. The shear velocity obtained by ARFI elastography showed 95% sensitivity, 87% specificity and 90% accuracy in metastasis inguinal lymph nodes, with cutoff value> 2.5 m / s, and sensitivity 100%, specificity 94% and 90% accuracy, with cutoff value> 2.4 m / s in metastatic axillaries, proving to be an adequate and noninvasive method for the detection of lymph nodes with metastasis. Electrolytes, the presence of more rigid neoplastic structures, such as reactive ones with less stiffness (green areas) and as normal (bluish areas) less rigid than before. It was concluded that the evaluation of lymph nodes through elasticity. ARFI is an effective predictor for the detection of metastatic lymph nodes, either reactive or free. Thus, an inclusion of this examination in the veterinary clinic and oncology is recommended mainly because it is a noninvasive technique, innocuous and that can improve the prognosis of the patient.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WeruskaAC_DISSERT.pdf: 2300624 bytes, checksum: 62992c8fc00af876eb2b70eeec52ddfd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Quasi-experimental study, with prospective data, comparative with quantitative approach, performed in a reference hospital, aiming to identify the effectiveness of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire, used simultaneously, to evaluate a group of patients with oncologic pain (Experimental Group); to identify the effectiveness of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) to evaluate a group of patients with oncologic pain (Control Group); to identify the resolution of pain according to prescribed medication, considering the result of the rating scales, and to compare it between the two groups of patients in the study. The population consisted of 100 patients, with both the experimental and control groups being composed of 50 people, with data collected from February to April 2010. The results show that in the experimental group, 32% of the patients were aged 60 to 69, 80% were female; 30% had a primary tumor in the breast, 58% had metastasis, and on 70% the disease was localized. In the first pain evaluation, 26% identified it as light; 46%, moderate; and 28%, severe; with an average of 5.50. In the second pain evaluation, 2% reported no pain; 70%, light; 26%, moderate. and 2%, severe, with an average of 3.30. On those with moderate pain, 60% used non-opioid medicine, 25% under severe pain were medicated with non-opioids and 41.67% with weak opioids. Regarding the Pain Management Index (PMI), 44.0% were rated as "-1". In the control group, 28% were aged 40 to 49, and 54% were male; 20% had primary tumor in the breast and genital-urinary system, consecutively; 56% presented metastasis; on 64% the disease was localized. In the first pain evaluation, 14% considered it light; 42%, moderate; and 44%, severe; with an average of 6.26. In the second pain evaluation, 18% did not signal pain; on 38% pain was light; 40%, moderate; and 4%, severe; with an average of 3.0. Regarding medicine therapy, 71.43% with moderate pain used non-opioids, 22.73% with severe pain used non-opioids and 27.27% weak opioids. Considering PMI, 42% were rated "-1"; and 42%, rated "0". We conclude that, despite the importance of pain as the 5th vital sign, it is still under-identified and under-treated by professionals. Nevertheless, studied oncologic patients had a tendency to report pain more easily when evaluated with the NRS instrument than with the combined use of NRS and MPQ. We believe, however, that the combination of these two instruments represents a more effective evaluation of pain, as it allows comprehension of its quantitative and qualitative aspects. We recommend, however, the replication of this study on a larger population, for a longer span of time, and consequently generating more evaluations, so this can confirm or deny the hypothesis that NRS and MPQ can, together, better evaluate pain on the oncologic patient / Estudo de car?ter quase experimental, com dados prospectivos, comparativo e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em um hospital de refer?ncia, objetivando: identificar a efetividade da Escala de Estimativa Num?rica (NRS) e do Question?rio para dor de McGill (MPQ), utilizados simultaneamente, para avaliar um grupo de pacientes com dor oncol?gica (Grupo Experimental); identificar a efetividade da Escala de Estimativa Num?rica (NRS) para avaliar um grupo de pacientes com dor oncol?gica (Grupo-Controle); identificar a resolutividade da dor de acordo com a medica??o prescrita, considerando o resultado das escalas de avalia??o, e compar?-la entre os dois grupos de pacientes estudados. A popula??o constou de 100 pacientes, tanto o grupo experimental como o de controle sendo compostos por 50 pessoas, com dados coletados de fevereiro a abril de 2010. Os resultados mostram que, no grupo experimental, 32% dos pacientes estavam na faixa de 60 a 69 anos, sendo 80% de mulheres; 30% possu?am tumor prim?rio na mama, 58% timham met?stase, e em 70% a doen?a estava locorregional. Na primeira avalia??o da dor, 26 % a identificaram como leve; 46%, moderada; e 28%, severa; com m?dia de 5,50. Na segunda avalia??o da dor, 2% tiveram aus?ncia de dor; 70%, leve; 26%, moderada; e 2%, severa; com m?dia de 3,30. Naqueles com dor moderada, 60% utilizaram medicamentos n?o opioides, 25% com dor severa foram medicados com n?o opioides e 41,67% com opioides fracos. Em rela??o ao ?ndice de Controle da Dor (PMI), 44,0% tiveram valor -1 . No grupo controle, 28% estavam na faixa et?ria entre 40 a 49 anos, e 54% eram homens; 20% tinham tumor prim?rio na mama e geniturin?rio, consecutivamente; 56% apresentaram met?stase; em 64% a doen?a estava locorregional. Na primeira avalia??o da dor, 14% a consideraram leve; 42%, moderada; e 44% severa; com m?dia de 6,26. Na segunda avalia??o da dor, 18% n?o apresentaram esse sinal; em 38% a dor foi leve; 40%, moderada; e 4%, severa; com m?dia de 3,0. Em rela??o ? terapia medicamentosa, 71,43% com dor moderada utilizaram n?o opioide, 22,73% com dor severa usaram n?o opioide e 27,27% opioide fraco. Considerando o PMI, 42% apresentaram ?ndice -1 ; e 42%, valor 0 . Conclu?mos, que apesar da import?ncia da dor como 5? sinal vital, ela continua sendo subidentificada e subtratada pelos profissionais. Entretanto, os pacientes oncol?gicos estudados tendiam a reportar a dor com mais facilidade quando avaliados com o instrumento NRS do que quando havia o uso combinado da NRS e do MPQ. Contudo, acreditamos que a jun??o desses dois instrumentos representa uma avalia??o mais eficaz da dor, por compreender as suas faces quantitativa e qualitativa. Recomendamos, por?m, que este estudo seja replicado com uma popula??o maior, por um per?odo de tempo mais longo, e, consequentemente, gerando mais avalia??es, para que se possa confirmar ou n?o a hip?tese de que a NRS e o MPQ, juntos, avaliem melhor a dor do paciente oncol?gico