This thesis aims to study how the top management and employees in banks experience their work with customer e-loyalty in digital settings, both individually and in relation to each other. Today's bank customers desire freedom in where they conduct their business and do at the same time require a deeper personal relationship with their bank advisors. The adjustments to balance these two requirements have been a challenge for many banks. While satisfied customers often create loyalty, banks in Sweden have during the recent years experienced decreasing customer satisfaction. The digitalization within the banking sector will continue to have a big impact on the relationship between banks and their customers. By adapting a qualitative approach, the thesis aims to contribute with knowledge of how the top management and employees work with and perceive the impact digitalization has on e-loyalty. The thesis provides academic contributions, such as the insight in how top management and employees in two of Sweden’s biggest banks perceive their work with customer e-loyalty. The second contribution to the literature is a suggestion to development of the 8C model. The practical contribution is what the top management in banks should consider when mediating e-loyalty strategies to employees

This study investigates how different governmental agencies in Sweden defines digitalization and how they include democratic values in the context of the digital process. The aim is also to look into if and how the authorities work to balance the digital divide in the work of digitalization. To obtain the purpose of this study, following questions was asked: • How do the authorities define digitalization in their internal work in relation to citizens? • What are the similarities and differences in how the authorities involve the democratic values of integrity, rule of law and efficiency in the digitalization process? • How do the authorities work to level the digital divide in society? The method used in this process is a qualitative study where the empirical material has been collected from policy documents and interviews. The gathered material has then been analyzed with a comparative analysis. The main conclusions are that the agencies defines digitalization differently. As for the democratic values, there are more similarities than differences within the authorities. Considering the digital divide they work with inclusion and strives to retain analog services as long as the citizens requires it.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att diskutera hur marknadsföringsmixen kunnat bevarat sin betydelse över tid inom området marknadsföring, med hänsyn till de förändringar som digitaliseringen inneburit. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie. Studien baserades på över 50 vetenskapliga artiklar som är relevanta för syftet. Artiklarna samlades in via akademiska databaser. Resultat: Studien visar på att marknadsföringsmixen fortsatt är en aktuell modell inom marknadsföring tack vare sin pedagogiska enkelhet och förmåga att anpassa sig till rådande förutsättningar. De fyra P:na står fortsatt för Produkt, Pris, Plats och Påverkan men förändringen ligger i vad som innefattas i de ständigt växande och föränderliga subkategorierna. Det som motståndarna till marknadsföringsmixen menar är dess svaghet, att kriterierna som de olika kategorierna vilar på aldrig blivit specificerade, tycks också vara modellens styrka. Utan den efterfrågade specificeringen kan de fyra P:na anpassas efter användaren och de förhållanden som råder, vilket har gjort att den bevarat sin betydelse trots digitaliseringen och de nya förutsättningarna. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss how the marketing mix could have retained its importance over time in the field of marketing, in consideration of changes that digitalization meant. Method: The study is conducted as a systematic literature study. The study is based on more than 50 scientific articles relevant to the purpose. The articles were collected through academic databases. Result: The articles show that the marketing mix is still an up-to-date marketing tool thanks to its educational simplicity and ability to adapt to the prevailing conditions. The four P:s still stand for Product, Price, Place and Promotion, but the change lies in what is included in the ever-growing and changing subcategories. What the opponents of the marketing mix mean is its weakness, that the criteria that the different categories rest on have never been specified, also seems to be its greatest strength. Without the requested specification, the four P:s can be adapted to the user and the conditions prevailing, which has made it survive in spite of digitization and the new conditions.

Digitaliseringen har bidragit till stor utveckling av internetanvändningen och förändrat vår men även företagens vardag. En relativt nya och ökande teknologisk lösning kallat Internet of Things (IoT), förväntas erbjuda transformerade lösningar för verksamheter och privatpersoner. IoT innebär att människor, maskiner och fysiska objekt sammankopplas via internet. IoT gör att företag kan möta men även överträffa kundernas behov och förväntningar. En avancerad teknologisk lösning kan även genererar motsatt effekt på marknaden. Därför måste företag förstå om tekniken genererar i ett ökat kundvärde eller om den endast skyndar på en redan snabb och stressig vardag. Syftet med studien är därför att skapa förståelse för hur internetuppkopplade produkter kan generera kundvärde. När en produkt utvecklas är det väsentligt att förstå vad som skapar kundvärde och kundnöjdhet. Produktfunktioner är en del av produkten, och används för att differentiera sig på marknaden, skapa konkurrenskraft och skapa kundvärde. Genom IoT kan bland annat produkter styras och kontrolleras på distans, samtidigt som data och rörelsemönster kan registreras och analyseras. IoT kan sedermera användas för att underlätta vardagen och skapa ett kundvärde. Studien har baserat sig på en abduktiv metodologisk ansats. För att samla in empiriskt material har forskarna bedrivit deltagande observationer och ostrukturerade intervjuer. Grounded theory har använts som analyssätt av det kvalitativa materialet. Utifrån studien har forskarna kommit fram till att det finns ett behov av internetuppkopplade produkter samt att samhället blir mer influerat av IoT. Däremot är IoT inte är ett konstant behov. Teknologin måste anpassas utefter kundernas behov för att inte skapa förvirring. Av studien visar det sig även att IoT kan generera ett kundvärde genom att slutanvändarna kan få större kontroll och information gällande deras arbete. Styrningen kan generera ett vagt kundvärde. Studien påvisar även ett värde i att få bättre återkoppling med hjälp av IoT. Det fanns även ett kundvärde i att sammankoppla enheter för att få information tillgänglig på ett enklare sätt. / The Digitalization has over the years made a huge impact of internet usage and information technology which in turn, have influenced and changed our daily lives. One of the latest trends within the digital development is called Internet of Things which has and is expected to grow and contribute to big changes in society. The purpose of this study is therefore to create an understanding for how internet-connected products may potentially generate customer value. The researcher´s have made their study on dishwashing machines to be able to see if there are any benefits of internet-connectivity that can generate customer value for the users of these products. The researcher’s used both participatory observations and unstructured interviews to collect the empirical material. One conclusion of this study is that there is a need of internet-connected products and that society is getting more and more influenced of IoT. The need of IoT is still not constant, the technology must be tailored to the needs of the customer. Another important thing that this study has shown is that internet-connectivity shouldn´t be used for the sake of connection but rather for creating benefits and customer value. IoT can generate customer value to end-users since they can get more control through better monitoring and information about their work. The study also shows a value in getting better feedback with IoT to the end users. There was also a customer value in linking devices to get information available to the area where the end users are operating.

Titel: Vad är min personliga integritet värd? Författare: Victor Ivarsson & Eric Björn Handledare: Patrik Persson Nivå: Enterprising & Business Development, Examensarbete (kandidat) 15 hp Nyckelord: Legitimitet, datapraxis, digitalisering, integritet, personuppgifter Bakgrund: Den tekniska utvecklingen har förändrat den digitala marknaden och gjort att konsumenters personuppgifter idag används av olika organisationer verksamma på Internet. Många av dessa företag är till och med uppbyggda kring konsumenters personuppgifter. Konsumenters uppfattning av organisationers datapraxis (hur organisationer samlar in och hanterar data) påverkar deras syn på organisationer som legitima eller ej och således även deras förmåga att erfordra användare och överleva på lång sikt. Syfte: Att skapa förståelse för konsumenters syn på organisationer som legitima eller ej utifrån organisationers datapraxis (hur organisationer samlar in och hanterar data). Metod: Studien är kvalitativ med ett konstruktionistiskt antagande samt ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Tre fokusgrupper genomfördes där olika teman och frågeställningar diskuterades för att samla in deltagarnas uppfattningar. Urvalet bestod av studenter från olika ämnesprogram vid Linnéuniversitetet i Växjö födda på 1990-talet. Empiri: Empirikapitlet är en sammanställning av de tre fokusgrupper som genomfördes där olika teman kopplade till insamling och hantering av personuppgifter diskuterades. Slutsats: Konsumenter delar med sig av väldigt mycket personuppgifter. De skiljer på vad som är illegitim och vad som är integritetskränkande datapraxis. Illegitim och integritetskränkande datapraxis innebär inte heller nödvändigtvis att konsumenterna vidtar åtgärder i sitt handlande gentemot organisationer. Detta är ett resultat av sociala normer hos konsumenterna. Öppenhet och ärlighet värderas högt av konsumenter vad gäller organisationers datapraxis och för att erfordra legitimitet bör organisationer således vara öppna och ärliga med sin datapraxis. / Title: What is my personal privacy worth? Authors: Victor Ivarsson & Eric Björn Tutor: Patrik Persson Level: Enterprising & Business Development, Bachelor thesis 15 credits. Key words: Legitimacy, data practice, digitalization, privacy, personal data. Bakgrund: Technical developments have changed the digital market and consumers personal data is used by various organizations operating on the Internet. Many of these companies are even built around the consumers’ personal data. Consumers' perception of organizations’ data management affect their views on organizations as legitimate or not and thus also their ability to acquire users and survive in the long run. Purpose: To create understanding for the consumers’ view on organisations as legitimate or not depending on organisations’ data management. Method: The study is quantitative with a constructionist supposition and a deductive approach. Three focus groups where different themes and questions were discussed were conducted in order to catch the participants’ views. The sample was students in different programs at the Linnaeus University in Växjö born in the 1990’s. Empirical: The empirical chapter is a summary from the three different focus groups that were conducted where different themes connected to data management were discussed. Conclusion: Consumers share a lot of personal data. They make a difference between what is illegitimate- and intrusive data practices. Illegitimate and intrusive data practices also do not necessarily mean that consumers take action in their behaviour towards organizations. This is a result of consumer social standards. Openness and honesty are highly valued by consumers in terms of organizations' data practices, and in order to acquire legitimacy, organizations should be open and honest about their data practices.

The purpose of this degree project is to analyze and investigate how digitalization will affect business modeling in the district heating business. The chosen approach to this degree project was an iterative, abductive method, in order to always use a feedback-analysis and to keep the project open for new findings. The interviews were a mix of a structured method and a qualitative approach. With the structured method, the findings from the interviews were similar and regarding the research topic, and the qualitative approach in some open questions led to matters that otherwise would have been unnoticed. The interviews were performed via e-mail, phone and through personal interviews. This degree project concluded that digitalization has an impact on business modeling in district heating. Digitalization will affect some elements in a major way, for example key resources that will be characterized by digitalization. The findings from this work showed that a business model operating in district heating in a time of digitalization should focus on three main parts: economy, environment and easy visualization. An optimization tool should focus on delivering a value that consist of these three, and the remaining elements should together contribute to that value proposition. / Syftet med detta examensarbete är att analysera och undersöka hur digitaliseringen kommer att påverka affärsmodellering inom fjärrvärmebranschen. Det valda tillvägagångssättet för detta examensarbete är en iterativ, abduktiv metod för att hela tiden återkoppla och hålla studien öppen för nya intryck. Intervjuerna är en kombination av strukturerad metod blandad med en kvalitativ ansats. Med den strukturerade metoden blir svaren inom samma ram samtidigt som den kvalitativa aspekten lockar fram svar som annars skulle passera obemärkta. Intervjuerna genomfördes via mail, telefon samt genom personliga intervjuer. Detta examensarbete drar slutsatsen att digitaliseringen kommer påverka affärsmodeller inom fjärrvärme. Digitaliseringen kommer påverka vissa element i större utsträckning som till exempel nyckelresurserser som kommer präglas av digitaliseringen. Upptäckterna från studien visar att en affärsmodell verksam inom fjärrvärme i en tid präglad av digitaliseringen ska fokusera på tre delar: ekonomi, miljö och lättförstådd visualisering. Ett optimeringsverktyg ska fokusera på att leverera ett värde som innehåller dem tre delarna och resterande element ska tillsammans bidra till det värdeerbjudandet.

Digitalization has affected organizations and many work activities have changed as a result, there including how members of organizations share knowledge between each other. Knowledge is one of the most important resource in an organization whereof digital knowledge more easily can be accessed, utilized and spread to members of the organization. It is important to take charge of the knowledge already existing within the organization and share it between members of the organization as it can result in competitive advantages. The purpose of the study has been to develop an understanding of how knowledge sharing within organizations is affected by digitalization. To achieve the purpose of the study, a qualitative method was used and interviews were carried out with respondents in higher positions of a selected organization, within the construction industry. The conclusion indicates that digitalization has made knowledge more effective to share. Since knowledge is available in digital form it has contributed to better accessibility, where several members of the organization can utilize the knowledge at the same time. In addition, the knowledge can be shared more quickly and across geographical distances, which has led to that knowledge can be shared less costly and more time efficiently. / Digitaliseringen har påverkat organisationer där många arbetsaktiviteter ändrats som följd, där inkluderat hur organisationsmedlemmar delar kunskap mellan varandra. Kunskap är bland den viktigaste resursen i en organisation varav digital kunskap mer lättillgängligt kan nås, nyttjas och spridas till organisationens medlemmar. Det är viktigt att tillvarata på den kunskapen som redan finns inom organisationen och dela den mellan organisationens medlemmar då det kan ge upphov till konkurrensfördelar. Syftet med studien har varit att utveckla en förståelse för hur kunskapsdelning inom organisationer påverkas av digitaliseringen. För att uppnå syftet gjordes en kvalitativ undersökning och intervjuer genomfördes med respondenter som har en högre befattning, på en utvald organisation inom byggbranschen. Slutsatsen indikerar att digitaliseringen effektiviserat organisationens kunskapsdelning. Att kunskap återfinns digitalt har bidragit till bättre tillgänglighet där flera av organisationens medlemmar kan ta del av kunskapen samtidigt. Kunskapen kan dessutom delas snabbare och över geografiska avstånd vilket resulterat i att kunskap mindre kostsamt och mer tidseffektivt kan delas.

This thesis is about improving the image quality of image sequences scanned by the film scanner GoldenEye. Film grain is often seen as an artistic effect in film sequences but scanned images can be more grainy or noisy than the intention. To remove the grain and noise as well as sharpen the images a few known image enhancement methods have been implemented, tested and evaluated. An own idea of a thresholding method using the dyadic wavelet transform has also been tested. As benchmark has MATLAB been used but one method has also been implemented in C/C++. Some of the methods works satisfactory when it comes to the image result but none of the methods works satisfactory when it comes to time consumption. To solve that a few speed up ideas are suggested in the end of the thesis. A method to correct the color of the sequences has also been suggested.

A pesquisa apresenta o conceito da coexistência mediada comunicacionalmente e tenta identificar os \"erros\" de percepção que podem ocorrer entre as diversas formas/ambientes de mediação comunicacionais, representadas pelos fluxos e refluxos: acústicos, visuais, elétricos e digitais. O conceito de coexistência mediada comunicacionalmente é inspirado na \"Investigação sobre os Modos de Existência\", de Bruno Latour, e opera uma tradução da tensão entre essencialismo e correlacionismo visando a um deslocamento da atenção que nos ajude a perceber etnograficamente as relações entre humanos e não humanos. Assim, na primeira etapa da pesquisa foi feita uma revisão da \"investigação\" de Latour, descrevendo seus passos até a missão diplomática e colaborativa de composição de um mundo comum, representada pela AIME. Em seguida, foram mapeados os principais usos do termo mediação, buscando identificar aqueles mais próximos da AIME, como foi o caso das explorações de Marshall McLuhan. Por fim, para identificar esses fluxos e refluxos ontológicos foi realizada uma experimentação etnográfica sobre o fenômeno dos rolezinhos, partindo a princípio dos rastros das controvérsias sobre o evento. O percurso que levou a pesquisa a formular o conceito de coexistência mediada também levou a propor uma estratégia de autoconhecimento, ou autoantropologia, como prefere Marilyn Strathern, que nos ajude a lidar com a multiplicação dos ambientes de nossas ecologias cognitivas. Tendo como base indícios de que a velocidade e a intensidade do trânsito entre as diversas mediações comunicacionais instauram desvios e confusões (semelhantes a \"erros\" de percepção, aqui nomeados como efeito Flammarion), a pesquisa então propõe/constata o seguinte: para aprender a conviver com os desafios de uma atenção distribuída digitalmente e no sentido da diplomacia que nos levará a compor um novo e múltiplo mundo, talvez seja necessário reaprendermos a nos livrar da atenção. / This research presents the concept of communicatively mediated coexistence, and it attempts to identify perceptions \"errors\" likely to occur among the several communicational mediation forms/environments represented by fluxes and refluxes: acoustic, visual, electric, and digital. The concept of communicatively mediated coexistence is inspired by Bruno Latour\'s \"An Inquiry Into Modes of Existence\" and it performs a translation of the tension between essentialism and correlationism, aiming at an attention shift that helps us to perceive, ethnographically, the relations between humans and non humans. Thus, the first stage of the research was a review of Latour\'s \"inquiry\", describing his steps up to the collaborative and diplomatic mission of composing a common world, represented by AIME. Next, the main uses of the term mediation were mapped in order to identify those closer to AIME, as in the case of Marshall McLuhan\'s explorations. Finally, in order to identify these ontological fluxes and refluxes, an ethnographic experiment about the phenomenon of rolezinhos (short strolls) was carried out, starting with the trail of controversies raised by the event. The path which led to the formulation of the concept of mediated coexistence, in this research, also led to proposing a strategy of self-awareness - or self-anthropology, as preferred by Marilyn Strathern - which may help us deal with the multiplication of the environments of our cognitive ecologies. Based on the evidence that the speed and intensity of the transit among several communicational mediations establish deviations and confusions (similar to perception \"errors\", here named as Flammarion effect), the research proposes/concludes the following: in order to learn to coexist with the challenges of a digitally distributed attention, and towards the diplomacy which will allow us to compose a new and multiple world, perhaps it is necessary to relearn to free ourselves from attention.

Effect mapping is a method often used by companies in order to try to tie together the business goals with the users and their needs. The results of the effect mapping is often presented in long reports, with an additional effect map attached to it. Unfortunately, few clients tend to read these reports that they later are supposed to base future decisions on. This thesis aims to examine the efficiency in readers' perception of information, specifically the information from effect mapping. It evaluates if the understanding and perception, as well as the participation, could be improved by developing a digital web based version of the information. The objective of this study is to determine if a visualized web version of the effect mapping is more efficient than the original paper report version. The purpose is to help consulting firms improve the communication with their clients, that the clients will take part of and consume the information provided by the effect mappings that are delivered in a more efficient way. The process started out with workshops that were a foundation for a prototype. The prototype was developed based on the theoretical framework of this thesis, and created from a specific example of a traditional effect mapping report. The prototype was tested and evaluated before compared to, and evaluated with, the original paper report version of the effect mapping. The findings are that a web based, visualized presentation of the effect mapping is more efficient than the original paper report version. Not only did the participants of the study find the correct information in a shorter amount of time, but the user experience was also enhanced. The findings in this study are useful for firms that want to present results of effect mapping to customers who do not tend to spend time reading the full reports, but would rather get a quicker overview. This study can be used as a point of departure for future research, by testing it on other reports or firms.