After the 2008 global financial tsunami, the global economy has been undergoing a ¡§great recession¡¨, and it has a tremendous impact on Taiwan's venture capital industry. Not only overall investment, but also financing is descending rapidly. Although Taiwan has always performed well in the field of venture capital, it encounters many setbacks nowadays, such as ¡§Hard to find the target.¡¨,¡¨ Recession of capital market.¡¨, ¡§Narrowest Cash-out. ¡¨ and "Major innovations take longer and more resources." etc. These problems are difficult to overcome. Therefore, to spend money on the cutting edge, investing in professional fields is the best policy of venture capital, and it requires of venture capital institutions substantial accumulation of professional knowledge in the specific fields as well as industrial integration capabilities. Scholars have put forth the view that corporate venture capital and independent venture capital must learn from each other. How to dominate the standards of investment industry , how to make the global positioning strategy, whether corporate venture capital needs to meet the overall strategy, and venture capital strategy , organizing, management methods. These are key issues for corporate venture capital. Intel capital is the world's largest science and technology intensive venture capital. This study will draw on its experience of successful and unique investment, combined with the concept of open innovation¡Asuggesting that corporate venture capital in Taiwan take "innovation intermediary" mode which will not only reduce investment risk and but also investment cost.

<p>There are many different forms of financing for small businesses and two common financing options mentioned in the study, bank loans and Venture Capital.Venture Capital is a form of risk capital financing, investing in unlisted stock market. The feature of the arrangement is that those people are trying to find companies that can offer unique, attractive and in demand products on a strong growing market. Since VC-firms are taking a big risk in cooperation<strong> </strong>with the investment, the VC-company strong demands while assessments are made on the company will generate a return in the future.</p><p>Bank loans are the most common form of financing for companies in the market. Requirements and assessment under the law is hard especially for small businesses because financing entails high risks. Banks require that the liquidity management in the enterprise should be stable because the bank's main objective is to repayment of debt and the interest payable on the capital.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to examine the requirements and assessments VC-firms and banks make use of the financing of small businesses.</p><p> </p>

För entreprenörer som arbetar med projekt i en "start up"- fas kan det vara svårt att lyckas med finansieringen. Detta beror på att det inte finns någon ekonomisk historik att visa upp för finansiärerna. För att lyckas få in tillräckligt med kapital för att kunna finansiera ett projekt kan man vända sig till olika typer av investerare. De vanligaste sättet är att man antingen vänder sig till banker, venture capital-bolag eller affärsänglar. Vad som motiverar dessa aktörer är olika, men det gemensamma för dessa aktörer är att det är svårt att få dem att investera i ett projekt. Under senare tid har det dock skapats ett nytt sätt för entreprenörer att få in kapital till sina projekt. Detta nya fenomen kallas för crowdfunding, vilket innebär att entreprenörer lägger ut sina projekt på internet. Entreprenören beskriver sig själv, sitt projekt och motiverar vad pengarna ska användas till. Sedan har vem som helst möjlighet att investera valfri summa till projektet, som motprestation får finansiären någon form av belöning. Crowdfunding har under de senaste åren blivit mer och mer populärt och fler entreprenörer väljer att använda sig av det. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som lockar individer till att satsa kapital i crowdfunding-projekt. Studien har baserats på information från 260 stycken projekt där olika faktorer har tagits fram som kan tänkas påverka möjligheten att lyckas. Dessa faktorer baseras på entreprenören, projektets produkt samt investerarens avkastningen. / Entrepreneurs that are in a "start-up" phase within a project they are working on finds it hard to find investors. This could appear within almost every project when a financial history don't exist to show the investors. If a project successfully wants to be financed there are different ways and options to explore. One can turn to either venture capital or business angels. What motivates these investors varies in different projects. What the investors all have in common is that it's hard to get them to invest in a project. During the last years there have been a new way for entrepreneurs to raise capital, called crowdfunding. Through crowdfunding, entrepreneurs can add their project/projects online on websites. The entrepreneurs describes themselves, their project and what the money will be used to. Through these websites it's open for the public to donate an amount of money in to the project and in return the investor gets some form of reward. This form of investment has become more and more common throughout the years and today there are many investment made with this method. This study is a research that shows which factors whom makes the investors interested to invest in a crowdfunding- project. The study is based on information from 260 different projects were we were able to discover some factors which can increase the possibility to succeed. These factors are based on the entrepreneur, the projects product and the investors return.

För entreprenörer som arbetar med projekt i en "start up"- fas kan det vara svårt att lyckas med finansieringen. Detta beror på att det inte finns någon ekonomisk historik att visa upp för finansiärerna. För att lyckas få in tillräckligt med kapital för att kunna finansiera ett projekt kan man vända sig till olika typer av investerare. De vanligaste sättet är att man antingen vänder sig till banker, venture capital-bolag eller affärsänglar. Vad som motiverar dessa aktörer är olika, men det gemensamma för dessa aktörer är att det är svårt att få dem att investera i ett projekt. Under senare tid har det dock skapats ett nytt sätt för entreprenörer att få in kapital till sina projekt. Detta nya fenomen kallas för crowdfunding, vilket innebär att entreprenörer lägger ut sina projekt på internet. Entreprenören beskriver sig själv, sitt projekt och motiverar vad pengarna ska användas till. Sedan har vem som helst möjlighet att investera valfri summa till projektet, som motprestation får finansiären någon form av belöning. Crowdfunding har under de senaste åren blivit mer och mer populärt och fler entreprenörer väljer att använda sig av det. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som lockar individer till att satsa kapital i crowdfunding-projekt. Studien har baserats på information från 260 stycken projekt där olika faktorer har tagits fram som kan tänkas påverka möjligheten att lyckas. Dessa faktorer baseras på entreprenören, projektets produkt samt investerarens avkastningen. / Entrepreneurs that are in a "start-up" phase within a project they are working on finds it hard to find investors. This could appear within almost every project when a financial history don't exist to show the investors. If a project successfully wants to be financed there are different ways and options to explore. One can turn to either venture capital or business angels. What motivates these investors varies in different projects. What the investors all have in common is that it's hard to get them to invest in a project. During the last years there have been a new way for entrepreneurs to raise capital, called crowdfunding. Through crowdfunding, entrepreneurs can add their project/projects online on websites. The entrepreneurs describes themselves, their project and what the money will be used to. Through these websites it's open for the public to donate an amount of money in to the project and in return the investor gets some form of reward. This form of investment has become more and more common throughout the years and today there are many investment made with this method. This study is a research that shows which factors whom makes the investors interested to invest in a crowdfunding- project. The study is based on information from 260 different projects were we were able to discover some factors which can increase the possibility to succeed. These factors are based on the entrepreneur, the projects product and the investors return.

Venture capital finances high-risk, high-return projects. In addition to financing, venture capitalists provide advice and expertise in management, commercialization, and development that enhance the value, success, and marketability of projects. Venture capitalists also have skills in selecting projects with potentially high returns. The first chapter investigates the contracting relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs in a setting where the venture capitalist and entrepreneur contribute intangible assets (advice and effort) to a project that are non-contractible and non-verifiable. In general, in the private market equilibrium, advice provided by the venture capitalist and the number of projects funded are lower than the social optimum. Government tax and investment policies may alleviate these market failures. The impact of a capital gains tax, a tax on entrepreneur’s revenue, an investment subsidy to venture capitalists, and government run project enhancing programs are evaluated. Finally, we analyze the effects of a government venture capital firm competing with private venture capital. The second chapter focuses on competition in venture capital markets. We model a three-stage game of fund raising, investment in innovative projects and input of advice and effort, where fund raising is used as an entry deterrence mechanism. We examine the impacts of taxes and subsidies on venture capital market structure. We find that a tax on venture capitalist revenue and a tax on entrepreneur revenue increase the likelihood of entry deterrence and reduce the number of projects funded in equilibrium. A subsidy on investment reduces the likelihood of entry deterrence and increases the number of projects funded. The third chapter examines the venture capitalist's choice of investment in project selection skills and investment in managerial advice. We model, separately, a private venture capitalist and a labour-sponsored venture capitalist (LSVCC) with different objectives. A LSVCC is a special type of venture capitalist fund that is sponsored by a labour union. The private venture capitalist maximizes its expected profits, while the LSVCC maximizes a weighted function of expected profits and returns to labour. Consistent with empirical evidence, the quality of projects, determined by project selection skills and managerial advice, is higher for the private venture capitalist.

Thesis (doctoral) - Techn. Univ., München, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-323).

The diploma thesis is divided in two main parts. In the first part the thesis describes the concept of venture capital, it provides venture capital concept definition and clarifies possibilities of utilisation of venture capital. The work shows creating funds, gives definition of a founder, funds rules and their priorities, ways of checking investments and the process of the final phase, i.e. evaluation. Kind of venture capital investment, investment process length, quantity of provided tools and investment risk are very important points in this dissertation, too. The second part of the thesis tries to find out more on venture capital funds, which are regular members of CVCA, i.e. Argus Capital Group Limited, Genesis Capital, KBC Private Equity, Enterprise Investors, Advent International and 3TS Capital Partners.

O venture capital (VC) é uma importante fonte de captação de recursos para as empresas de base tecnológica ao realizar aporte financeiro temporário e suporte gerencial em troca de participação societária. Trata-se de uma alternativa que se enquadra nos estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento das empresas de biotecnologia. A biotecnologia é considerada uma das áreas mais promissores do século XXI e representa o segundo maior segmento investido pelo mercado nos EUA. No Brasil, o mercado de VC é pouco explorado em comparação com os EUA, resultando no menor número de trabalhos realizados nesta área. A contribuição desta pesquisa na literatura está na análise das dificuldades encontradas pelos gestores de fundos de VC e as empresas de biotecnologia no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada contempla entrevistas com gestores de fundos de VC e questionários junto às empresas de biotecnologia. Concluiu-se que as dificuldades estão presentes nas três funções do ciclo de VC analisadas: captação de recursos, investimentos e desinvestimentos. Na captação de recursos, dificuldades relacionadas ao pequeno histórico e cultura de investimentos em VC no Brasil foram constatadas, além da influência de variáveis macroeconômicas, desestimulando os investidores a atuarem neste mercado. Em relação aos investimentos, há diferenças de percepção entre as gestoras e as empresas quanto aos critérios utilizados no processo de seleção, além da dificuldade de se realizar co-investimentos. No aspecto do desinvestimento, a falta de alternativas viáveis de mecanismos de saída disponíveis no mercado de VC nacional força as gestoras a buscarem a venda estratégica. A pesquisa limitou-se a analisar somente o mercado de VC brasileiro e empresas atuantes no segmento de biotecnologia, não sendo objeto de análise o mercado de PE e empresas atuantes em outros segmentos. / Venture capital is an important source of fund raising for technology based-firms by providing temporary financial and managerial support in exchange for equity. It is an alternative that fits in the early stages of development of biotechnology companies. Biotechnology is considered one of the most promising areas of the twenty-first century and it is the second largest segment of the investment market in the USA. In Brazil, the venture capital market is underexplored compared to the USA, resulting in fewer works done in this area. The contribution of this research in the literature is the analysis of the difficulties between venture capitalists and biotechnology companies in Brazil. Methodology includes interviews with venture capitalists and questionnaires with biotechnology companies. It was concluded that the difficulties are present in the functions of the VC cycle analyzed: fundraising, investments and exits. In fundraising, difficulties related to the history and culture of small investments in VC in Brazil have been verified, as well as the influence of macroeconomic variables, discouraging investors to act in this market. Regarding investments, there are differences of perception between venture capitalists and firms as for criteria used in the selection process, in addition to the difficulty to perform co-investments. In the aspect of exits, the lack of feasible alternative exit mechanisms available in the domestic VC market force the management to seek strategic sale. The research was limited to examining only the VC market and Brazilian firms operating in the biotechnology segment, not being subject to analysis the private equity market and firms operating in other segments.

Le financement institutionnel du capital initial, l’investissement providentiel le financement collectif des entreprises entrepreneuriales : un cadre conceptuel et quelques exemples » est une thèse de doctorat qui décrit un cadre conceptuel global des différentes facettes financières de l'entrepreneuriat et propose une étude empirique approfondie de certains éléments. Le nouvel apport de ce travail consiste à identifier les complexités croissantes du marché du financement en fonds propres de l’entreprenariat en développant un cadre conceptuel qui met l'accent aussi bien sur l'interaction croissante des acteurs du marché que sur de nouvelles recherches empiriques. Les thèmes choisis utilisent un ensemble de données uniques qui vont au-delà des études de recherches existantes et sont les premiers dans leur domaine à explorer de nouvellespistes. / Institutional Seed Financing, Angel Financing, and Crowdfunding of EntrepreneurialVentures : a conceptual framework and selected examples is a doctoral dissertation that outlines an overall conceptual framework for the financial facets of entrepreneurship and proposes an empirical in-depth exploration of designated components. The novel contribution of this work lies in identifying the increasing complexities of the entrepreneurial equity finance market by developing this conceptual framework that emphasizes the growing interaction of the market players as well as investigating additional empirical topics. The selected topics use unique datasets that go beyond existing research studies and are the first in their fields to explore new avenues.

Venture capital finances high-risk, high-return projects. In addition to financing, venture capitalists provide advice and expertise in management, commercialization, and development that enhance the value, success, and marketability of projects. Venture capitalists also have skills in selecting projects with potentially high returns. The first chapter investigates the contracting relationship between venture capitalists and entrepreneurs in a setting where the venture capitalist and entrepreneur contribute intangible assets (advice and effort) to a project that are non-contractible and non-verifiable. In general, in the private market equilibrium, advice provided by the venture capitalist and the number of projects funded are lower than the social optimum. Government tax and investment policies may alleviate these market failures. The impact of a capital gains tax, a tax on entrepreneur’s revenue, an investment subsidy to venture capitalists, and government run project enhancing programs are evaluated. Finally, we analyze the effects of a government venture capital firm competing with private venture capital. The second chapter focuses on competition in venture capital markets. We model a three-stage game of fund raising, investment in innovative projects and input of advice and effort, where fund raising is used as an entry deterrence mechanism. We examine the impacts of taxes and subsidies on venture capital market structure. We find that a tax on venture capitalist revenue and a tax on entrepreneur revenue increase the likelihood of entry deterrence and reduce the number of projects funded in equilibrium. A subsidy on investment reduces the likelihood of entry deterrence and increases the number of projects funded. The third chapter examines the venture capitalist's choice of investment in project selection skills and investment in managerial advice. We model, separately, a private venture capitalist and a labour-sponsored venture capitalist (LSVCC) with different objectives. A LSVCC is a special type of venture capitalist fund that is sponsored by a labour union. The private venture capitalist maximizes its expected profits, while the LSVCC maximizes a weighted function of expected profits and returns to labour. Consistent with empirical evidence, the quality of projects, determined by project selection skills and managerial advice, is higher for the private venture capitalist.