本研究想探討新上市股票到底吸引哪些投資人，是依據財務理論為達到分散風險而多角化，還是純粹因為投資人對於某些產業類別的資訊比較熟悉，因此只偏好集中投資某些產業股票，導致產生同時交易的”互補效果”。 隨著市場發展到某個階段投資人必然要尋找替代品，即價格更低的類似股票，這種“替代效果”使市場更趨於理性。台灣股市是否有新股對舊股的替代效果，導致投資人產生明顯的“喜新厭舊”情結。由於常發生新股上市後漲幅較大，是否因此增強投資人對新上市股票的興趣，使投資人資金配置跟著往新上市股票傾斜。 本文資料期間為1990年到2004年，由於聯電上市日期較早，又聯電與台積電同屬晶圓代工最常被比較，另外選了上市日期與台積電接近的公司作為對照，分別為電子股的精英與營建股的大陸工程為樣本。 以拓展整體市場的投資人數為目的，台積電吸引比較多新股上市前已經存在市場交易過的投資人；另外在這三家新上市公司的總投資人數中，台積電的新加入市場投資人比重最大。以三家新上市股票與聯電關係之比較，對本文所定義之互補性與替代性有顯著一致皆為正向影響之變數為Size與Turnover；當納入產業作為熟悉度的代理變數時也同為顯著正向影響。若再先以是否持續交易聯電投資人是否交易三家新上市股票投資人，兩群追蹤比對發現，仍然是台積電有較高的互補性與替代性。

薪資是影響求職者職缺選擇的重要因素之一，但是根據期望理論的觀點，職缺屬性彼此會產生互補效果，這對於資源有限的企業而言，意味著凸顯其他非金錢性之職缺屬性，應該能夠削弱低薪對於求職者職缺選擇的負面影響；此外，根據期望理論的論述，求職者個人特性亦會影響他 (她) 對職缺屬性的解讀，而影響求職者的職缺選擇。本研究以Barber、Daly、Giannantonio與Phillips (1994) 根據ERG理論為基礎所做的屬性分類，試圖探討關係類和成長類職缺屬性能否補償低薪對於求職者職缺選擇的影響，以提升求職者選取低薪職缺的可能性，同時亦探討求職者親和需求與成長需求於此間扮演的調節角色。 / 本研究以2 (關係類職缺屬性差距) ×2 (成長類職缺屬性差距) 受試者間實驗設計，依變項為低薪職缺「工作選擇決策」與「職缺接受意圖」，同時亦請受試自陳個人之親和需求與成長需求，共邀請151名某國立大學的應屆畢業生參與研究，並以階層迴歸分析與羅吉斯迴歸分析進行假設驗證，且輔以質化訪談佐證實證結果。研究結果發現，關係類職缺屬性差距或成長類職缺屬性差距，對於薪資水準皆產生顯著補償效果，亦即低薪職缺之關係類或成長類職缺屬性，愈優於高薪職缺的情況下，求職者愈會接受低薪職缺；此外，求職者之成長需求，也會調節成長類屬性與低薪職缺接受意圖和工作選擇決策間之關係；有別於期望理論的預測，本研究發現職缺屬性間並非為加成效果(Additive effect)，僅一類職缺屬性差距大時，即可補償薪資帶來的負面影響，而兩個職缺屬性皆差距大時，補償效果並未更強。最後，根據實證結果與訪談資料，本研究提出未來研究與管理建議。 / Pay-level has long been recognized as one of the most important job attributes that influence applicants' job acceptance intentions and choices. According to the expectancy theory, job attributes would compensate each other; in addition, applicants' individual differences would influence how they value job attributes. In terms of ERG theory's job attribute classification (Barber, Daly, Giannantonio & Phillips, 1994), the present study attempts to examine whether low-pay jobs with better relatedness and growth job attributes would foster applicants to choose them; as well as to investigate the moderating effects of the corresponding individual differences, need for affiliation and growth need strength, on the compensatory effects. / A 2×2 between-subject experimental design using low-pay job acceptance intentions and job choices as the dependent variables, were conducted with 151 undergraduate students who were pursuing jobs at the time of the data collection. Results of hierarchical regression, logistic regression and qualitative interviews showed that applicants were more willing to accept low-pay jobs than high-pay ones when low-pay jobs had better relatedness or growth job attributes; besides, applicants' growth need strength moderated the relationship between growth job attributes and the dependent variables. However, inconsistent with the expectance theory, addition analysis showed that job attributes did not affect applicants’ acceptance intentions and choices additively. That is, one better job attribute could have compensated low-pay's negative effect as effectively as two better job attribute had. Finally, based on the empirical results and qualitative data, suggestions for future research and managerial implications are discussed.

臺灣的連鎖式便利商店密度居世界之冠，為數眾多的門市使得便利商店與臺灣人 民的生活息息相關，就直覺來說，便利商店門市的數量也影響了廠商設立新門市 的決策。本研究建構了一離散選擇的動態賽局，分析臺北市各個行政區便利商店 門市數量對不同廠商設立新門市的影響。實證結果顯示當競爭對手門市數量剛開 始增加時，門市數量對便利商店的利潤有正向的影響，但是當對手門市數量太多 時，此數量的增加對便利商店的利潤產生負向影響。這結果表示一開始門市之間 的互補效果大於替代效果，但是門市數量太多造成過度競爭，此時門市之間的替 代效果大於互補效果。而同品牌的門市數量對於廠商的總利潤也有類似的影響。 另外，本研究也估計便利商店歷年來在臺北市各行政區展店的機率，其中大安區 和中山區是便利商店廠商最想展店的行政區，相對而言，南港區、大同區和萬華 區則是展店機率較低的行政區。 / The density of convenience stores (CVS) in Taiwan is ranked as number one in the world. The highly concentrated market of convenience stores has dramatically changed the lifestyle of Taiwanese people. The number of existing outlets in a region is also an important factor in regard to the entry decisions of new outlets. In this study, we construct a model of the dynamic discrete game, and examine the influence of the rival outlet number on CVS entry decisions in Taipei, Taiwan. The empirical evidence we find is that the CVS profits first rise and then decline as the own or rival outlet number increases. This result implies that the complement and substitution effects vary with the number of the CVS outlets in a specific region. Furthermore, we estimate the probabilities that the CVS companies will set up additional outlets in any district of Taipei during the data period. The results show that it is most likely for the companies to enter the Da’an and Zhongshan districts, while Nangang, Datong and Wanhua are districts with low entry probabilities.