研發聯盟可以使廠商經由整合科技資源的方式,來突破研發基本規模的限 制, 達到降低成本和掌握開發時效的優點。 我國研發聯盟尚處於剛起步 階段, 廠商參加研發聯盟究竟應以何種動機加入聯盟, 採行何種研發管 理機制, 過去文獻 ( 包含國外研究 ) 均未深入探討。本文首先區分我國 研發聯盟的不同類型,分為四類－科技產品、關鍵零組件、前瞻技術與傳 統產品等不同聯盟。 廠商參加聯盟動機分為三類－成本導向型、學習導 向型、策略導向型。 廠商所採取的研發管理機制, 分為傳統的循序工程 型和多部門整合運作的同步工程型。 根據文獻推理和個案研究推導出研 究假設, 再發展出問卷,調查近年來參加研發聯盟的我國廠商。研究發現, 廠商加入不同聯盟應以不同動機參加的觀點得到支持。而不同參加動機廠 商所選用的研發管理機制亦與本研究假設預期一致, 即學習導向的廠商 會採用同步工程型的管理機制。 而關鍵零組件, 前瞻技術和傳統產品研 發聯盟以採用循序工程型管理機制之效能較佳, 但是科技產品研發聯盟 的廠商並未明顯偏向同步工程型的管理機制。 本研究初步証實了廠商需 要因應不同的聯盟類型, 透過不同的動機和截然不同的管理機制才能獲 得良好的效能。本研究以廠商全程參與研發程序的整體觀點,探討管理作 為, 以「動機－管理作為－效能 」的新模式進行研究, 有理論上的新涵 意。同時針對廠商負責人、 研發部門主管、政府研發專案主持人、科技 政策決策者等均提出實務上的建議, 以期能提高研發聯盟的效能。 Finally, this study takes the integral perspective on firm's participation in the whole process of consortia to study the management activities by the new model of " motivation- management activities -effectiveness " In addition to theoretical implications, this study proposes sereral practical recommendations for the executives of the firms, the managers of the R&D departments, the leaders of the government R&D projects and the decision makers of government technology policy to improve the consortia effectiveness.

在全球化經濟趨勢下，企業不只可以更廣泛的應用全世界的資源，相對的也必須迎接來自全世界的挑戰。統一企業是台灣傳統企業的代表，在台灣扎根、茁壯並成長，至今已超過40年歷史，其發展也由最初的創業草創期，歷經茁壯期、集團化與國際化時期，發展到今日的全球化時期。在成長的歷程中，面對外部經濟結構以及市場環境的變遷，不只在技術構面上逐漸由技術導向轉變為市場導向，其內部組織架構的整合，也因應著外部環境同步的在調整。 本研究首先將由企業的階段性發展，分析在不同時期下研發單位與事業單位組織架構的演進。再進一步以新產品開發流程及品類管理，探討在食品業這一個快速消費品產業中，面對外部環境變動，消費者需求千奇百怪、日新月異的市場條件下，新產品開發自第三階段－集團化時期，至現今第五階段－全球化時期的階段性轉變。最後以同步工程的概念，討論在新產品開發流程中，最重要的兩個階段－事業單位主導的企劃流程，以及研發單位負責的開發流程之間的互動方式和頻率。 透過本研究討論分析後，可以清楚台灣食品產業隨著外部經濟發展與市場環境變化下的階段性發展歷程，透析在新產品開發流程上的演進、轉變與調整，同時了解研發單位和事業單位之間的互動溝通方式。提供成長中的快速消費品產業中企業，或是同樣面臨市場飽和與消費者需求變化迅速之產業，一個如何因應外部快速變遷的管理方式，以及如何學習並加以改善的新產品開發流程與組織內互動機制。 / Under global economic conditions, corporations could make use of the resources all around the world, but they also have to face the challenges from competitors worldwide. Uni-President is the largest food industry corporation of Taiwan, and it has developed over 40 years, from foundation period, growing period, bloc period, international period to global network period. In the developing process, the technology dimension changes from the technology-oriented approach to the market-oriented approach because of the transformation of external economic structure and marketing environment. of the R&D unit and business unit in different period. And then discuss the periodic transformation from bloc period to global network period with NPD（new product development）process and category management. At the end, discuss the interaction way of planning which the business unit is responsible for and development which the R&D unit is responsible for, the most important stages of NPD process, with concurrent engineering concept. The periodic development of Taiwanese food industry with the external transformations can be clearly understood through this research analysis. The reader could not only realize the evolution, shift and adjustment of NPD process but also the communication way of R&D department and business department, providing a management mode for developing fast moving consumer goods industry that faces pressures from marketing and customer.

本論文旨在探討以產品資料標準格式及資訊技術與工具，發展資訊整合模式，其目標是連結電腦輔助設計與電腦輔助製造功能，並結合產品資料管理共用資料庫及型態管理作業，達到同步管理，以實現同步工程作業。資訊整合使自研發、設計、製程規劃、及製造之電腦輔助作業的資料得以連結及共用，形成共通性資訊作業環境，有效提昇產品開發與製造之同步流程管理。為達此一目的，必須以符合國際產品資料表示與交換標準定義整合運作系統所使用的產品共通性資料，以利在電子化環境下，企業體內之上下游廠商可透過此標準定義配合網際網路技術，分享彼此產品資料管理系統中的產品資料，降低資料交換的誤差，並加速產品資料交換的速度。本研究以探討XML及STEP為基礎，首先分析產品生命週期管理之資訊需求，就設計、製程規劃、及製造管理之不同系統，釐清資料管理之資料表達規範，其次以IDEF方法進行產品資料管理之流程分析，並以Zachman資訊系統基礎架構框架各觀點進行資訊需求及架構分析，最後以國防工業體系之中心工廠為例，進行個案實証研究探討資料整合模式與流程分析之可行方法。 研究結果發現，提出三點建議供企業實行資訊整合之參考： 一、 企業流程再造BPR是工作流程、組織結構、資訊技術及工作內容等之合理化與重新設計，使績效大幅改善。 二、 雖有大量投資，但整合後系統的顧客價值不一定增加，例如：業務模式無法吸引更多的客戶時，系統整合後的價值也不一定增加。電腦系統整合的困難度應有企業內充分且全面性溝通的時間。 三、 將所有的資訊應用建置於同一超級資訊平台上作業，很難做到。分散式應用程式讓企業在建置資訊系統時不論在採購上或建置上都更為彈性，企業可依需要不斷的擴充系統，而不需在初期即一次購足。資訊服務網（Web Services）的發展促使企業應用整合EAI技術能滿足此一需求。 本研究係以應用於國防工業體系之中心工廠整合性製造管理資訊系統發展模式為例，國防工業是軍公民營企業合作發展模式，其具有穩定、不易外移、及能帶動相關產業發展之特性，相關產業的資訊整合均面對類似的問題。期能藉由本研究之結果，提供企業進行資訊整合時之參考，使其產品資料能於電子化環境中即時而正確地共用與分享。 / In today’s economy, product lifecycle has been significantly shortened. All manufactures are faced with the challenge of making high quality products within a short product introduction time while reducing costs as low as possible. Product lifecycle management （PLM）is an emerging solution and information integration is a core to address this challenge. Without an efficient methodology to integrate data and processes, PLM would be impossible. This research explores thus the methodology and IT requirement for the integrated product manufacturing information management system, with the following research goals: 1. To investigate the methodology needed by manufacturing companies to implement the integrated product manufacturing information management system to achieve PLM. 2. To investigate the information integration framework for the integrated product manufacturing information management system. Based on analytic method originated from Zachman Framework, this research conducted a case study on a defense industry. The core of this case study is to identify the Framework provides a means for organizing the models of Enterprise Applications Integration (EAI) into useful categories. Model is composed of multiple modeling methods integrated in a way that is sufficient to describe the system. The main models are： (1). Information models for the representation of product data are being developed as an international standard (ISO 10303) informally called STEP. STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) is designed to enable the exchange of product data between heterogeneous computer systems used throughout the product life cycle. (2). A neutral model of engineering and management data, developed based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), can be a standard interchangeable information representation for manufacturing information integration in PLM, and is developed in this research. (3). During several of the BPR steps, the critical process pieces are identified and designed together using IDEF Models. A last, with respect to enterprise information technology integration, this research comes to the conclusions as follows: 1. The primary goal of a BPR effort is to document the current and future business process and to ensure stakeholder buy-in and support. 2. Enterprise information integration is still relatively new, and its best practices are not fully disseminated, which helps to explain why Zachman Framework and analysis tools are important. 3. Since the structure of the data changes too rapidly, integration at the physical source level does not work. Web Services provide a distributed computing technology for revealing the business services of applications on the Internet or intranet using standard XML protocols and formats. It enables EAI to be an ongoing process of creating a flexible, standardized enterprise infrastructure that allows new IT-based applications and business processes to be easily and efficiently deployed.

研發計畫的評估是一個複雜且重要的問題，特別是在新興的生技醫藥產業，生技醫藥產業雖然爆發力強，卻具有研發時程長、風險大的特性，再加上投資金額龐大，回收期長，如何在有限的資源及高度的不確定性下，進行正確的投資評估變成了關乎未來公司存亡的關鍵。 一般而言，質化的評估方式，容易受決策者主觀意見所影響，造成決策品質的不確定性。而量化的評估方式，並不易讓企業管理者瞭解與使用，加上模式的限制可能只適用於某些特定情形，造成決策的真實情境無法完全由數學模式中表達出來，而降低了決策的參考性。 以藥物開發為例，針對生醫產業的特性，從評估參與人員、質化評估、量化評估、評估要求、評估標準、評估程序等不同的構面去探討與分析可能合適的研發評估模式。本論文進一步以個案訪談的方式，收集實際運作的經驗與意見，瞭解目前業界目前實務上使用的評估方式，並與先前的生醫產業評估模式對照比較，瞭解理論與實務上的落差，探討其關鍵要素，以整體的效益評估觀點，對公司決策者或研發主管提出建議。 / The evaluation for R&D project is usually regarded as an important and complicated issue for enterprises, especially in the biomedical industry. Such a concern may be highly applied to the biomedical industry, which is involved with lengthy R&D process, high level of risk, and large cost. This project, therefore, will attempt to study the appropriate approaches to determine whether a proposed R&D project is worthwhile to be launched for a biomedical enterprise with limited resources. In general, qualitative research may be involved with the evaluator’s personal experience, negatively influencing the evaluation results. On the other hand, not each of the selected models employed by quantitative research is fully compatible to evaluation process. This study suggests that either qualitative or quantitative research may not be the most appropriate tool to conduct R&D project evaluation. This study aims to use drug development as a study target and further to discuss the most appropriate evaluation approach from the five aspects, including reviewer’s professional, evaluation items of qualitative research, evaluation items of quantitative research, requirement for evaluation process, and criteria for project approval. This study also assumes that a final review process is required to be proceeded in addition to taking the above five aspects into account. This study begins with related references and collecting the opinions provided by the professionals working in the biomedical industry about real cases. Through the case study method, the study may better understand the difference between the theoretical models and real practices and further to identify the key successful factors for the evaluation model. Finally the study suggests a comprehensive evaluation model to decision makers or research managers.