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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

現行土地稅制對農地利用之影響

蘇惠群, Su, Hui-Qun Unknown Date (has links)
本論文旨在探討現行土地稅制對農地利用之影響,亦即土地稅是否充分發揮其功能, 以達「地盡其利」與「地利共享」之平均地權土地政策理想。 各章節之內容陳述如後: 第一章為緒論,說明本文研究動機與研究目的,對研究範圍加以界定,並提出本文之 研究方法。 第二章則對平均地權土地稅制之精神、農地利用之意義與特性以及現階段之農地政策 加以闡釋。 第三章至第五章分別就田賦、土地增值稅與荒地稅三者之意義與特性加以說明,並對 稅制內容與促進農地利用之功能進行分析與檢討。 第六章為結論,並提出具體改進意見,俾建立更完善之土地稅制。
32

台灣代書的歷史考察

吳俊瑩 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以「代書」作為考察核心,剖析代書在台灣經歷性質相異政權統治下,代書內涵與意義呈現何種轉變,以及代書定著於台灣社會的歷史動因。 今日台灣社會法律事務的分工具有濃厚「日本因素」。日治時期的代書不再單純扮演「代筆」腳色,在「生活法律化」的脈絡下,代書成為國家與人民的對話窗口。代書與台灣人的接觸表現在法院訴訟、土地登記、政府行政規制等面向,由於國家對民間滲透力道日益強大,連帶為代書撐起一片執業空間。代書在日治時期的職業化與專門化,伴隨近代國家腳步而來,也因此在職業建構、自我與社會觀感上,深受國家力量左右。 代書的專業化表現在業務內容緊貼國家法律。1923年以後因日本內地「司法代書人法」(1935年改稱司法書士法)施行於台灣,導致代書分化為司法與行政代書人。司法代書人的管理、考選交由各地方法院長;行政代書人仍由地方州廳警察進行管理。相較以往警察當局僅要求代書人身分素行,法院更著重從業者的法律專業能力,水準約與法院書記相當。司法代書人不論在人數、地域分布及可親性上,都比辯護士具有優勢,對於近代西方法的傳播,特別是物權概念以及西式法院使用上,影響力不容小覷。由於法院將司法代書人視為輔助司法運作機制之一,調控從業人數,讓司法代書人維持在水準以上,吸引不少台灣人投入此一由國家「法律」所承認的職業,在日治中後期改變了原以日本人為主的職業族群結構。 戰後國民黨政府在其歷史經驗中,並無相類似於台灣本地的代書脈絡,因此對於代書的認識與需求,仍停留在舊中國的歷史記憶。戰前台灣的代書脈絡,當局先暫以「司法書記」與「土地代書人」保留。但前者在1969年以「疏減訟源」為由遭廢,自此消失在國家法中;後者由廢除轉向接受的歷程中,跌宕起伏,耗費極大社會成本。國家長期對代書採取消極態度,民間仍舊延續日治以來與代書的互動經驗,雖國家法與民間對代書的體認不相重合,但代書在民間所累積的厚實法律生活基礎,終讓原無代書之制中華民國法體制,融入台灣民間社會既有歷史經驗,承認代書的存在意義與價值。
33

從農業發展條例之研修檢視我國農地移轉制度 / Review on Agricultural Land Transfer System through Amendment of the Agricultural Development Act in Taiwan

張志銘 Unknown Date (has links)
我國為配合加入WTO,紓緩日後大量農產品開放進口,對本土農地利用管理與農業生產所帶來的衝擊,政府乃大幅度修正農業發展條例(以下簡稱農發條例),以為因應。該條例及配套法案業於民國八十九年一月四日、六日及十三日經立法院三讀通過,並由總統於同年一月二十六日公布施行。本次農發條例之修正要點,在農地政策方面,主要側重於農地合理的利用、有效地管理與適當的釋出,其中最大的轉變在於調整為「放寬農地農有,落實農地農用」原則,不再限制農地移轉承受人之身份與資格,並有條件地許可農企業法人承受農地。這樣的變革,旨在建立更為開放競爭的耕地買賣市場,增進耕地的流動性,以利農業經營者取得耕地,調整農業經營結構,應值贊同。然而,條文內容有無疏漏不妥?仍有待深入檢討;條文原則性的規定能否落實?尚待相關法令的配合修訂,方能儘速建立合理農地利用、管理與釋出機制,以確保我國的農業發展。   緣此,本研究乃就農發條例之研修條文內容,深入探析農地政策與移轉規定之轉變,同時藉由實地調查(問卷調查與深度訪談)及拜訪農政等單位,以瞭解移轉制度變遷之實施現況及其對農業經營之影響程度,並訪察農業經營者之意向及博採各方之想法,據以確實地檢視現行農地移轉制度有關之爭議與問題,再提出研修現行條文、修訂行政命令及研議配合措施等改進意見,冀能有助於促進農地合理利用,並供後續法律修正、執行之參考。最後,再綜合本研究之成果,推衍以下結論:   一、調整農地農有制度係時勢潮流,農地農用管理機制應詳加落實。   二、實證調查發現,受訪者大抵認同目前農地移轉制度之變革規定,惟對促進農地流動及帶動農業升級助益不大。   三、引進農企業法人承受耕地之成效不彰,且牽涉法令繁多,亟待整合修訂。   四、制度規則未能公平提供誘因,且未能有效減低執行面之不確定性,應儘速檢討改進並確實執行之。   五、農民與農企業法人普遍欠缺對相關法令資訊的瞭解,應加強相關人員之專業訓練與宣傳輔導。   此外,在研究過程中,發現仍有相關課題有待未來後續研究,以促使農地更有效利用管理,並能確保農業永續發展,建議如下:   一、健全農企業法人承受耕地之管理制度。   二、建構重要農業區之區分與保護機制。   三、進一步研究農業產銷班與農地利用之關聯性。 / For joining WTO and moderating the impact of the import of agricultural products on agricultural lands use and, management and production, our government reacted by revising the Agricultural Development Act (ADA). The ADA has been revised by the Legislative Yuan on January 4 and promulgated by the Presidential Decree on January 26, 2000. The main point of the revision is to emphasis on reasonable farmland uses, effective management and adequate release of the land regulations in the agricultural policy. The main change is to adjust ADA’s principle from “the right to own and use farmland to be limited to the farmer” to “the release of the restriction on farmland transferee and realization of the substantial farmland uses.” The revision does no longer set a limit to the status and qualification of transferees and permits the transferable rights of agribusiness on some certain conditions. It is approved that the revision is to establish a more open and competitive arable land market, to improve the liquidity of arable lands, to facilitate the acquirement of arable lands for agribusiness, and to adjust the agricultural production structure. However, we should review the completeness and realization of the revised ADA after the promulgation in order to assure the agricultural development.   Therefore, the main purpose of this thesis is to probe into the change of the agricultural land policy and transfer regulation from the provisions of the revised ADA, examine the exercising of transfer system change and its influence on agricultural operation, investigate the intention of agricultural managers for reviewing the relative debates and issues, and then offer some advice as references of revision in the future. The conclusion is described as follows:   1.It is a trend of the times to adjust the transfer system that the right to own and use farmland is limited to the farmer, and the mechanism of assuring the substantial farmland uses should be realized.   2.From empirical research, the interviewees almost agree to the new agricultural land transfer system, but think that it is not useful for accelerating the liquidity and promoting the level of agricultural industry.   3.It is not significant on introducing agribusiness to be the transferee of arable lands, and it is necessary for our government to integrate too many relative and complicated laws.   4.We should review and implement the revised ADA because the rules themselves cannot provide fair incentives and effectively reduce the uncertainty from exercising it.   5.Farmers and agribusinesses lack the knowledge of relative laws, so the government should enhance them the professional training and give them consultant service.   In addition, from this research, we also found that some issues need to be studied for effective management of agricultural lands and sustainable development of agricultural industry in the future.   1.How to sound the management institution when agribusinesses want to be the transferee of arable lands.   2.How to designate important agricultural zones and establish protection mechanism.   3.Study the correlation between the agricultural product marketing class and agricultural land uses.

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