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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

從爭議性政治新聞探討客觀報導與事實建構

鄧麗萍, Tang, Lee Ping Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的是探討不同的報紙在報導爭議性政治新聞時,如何實踐客觀報導原則,以及不同政黨立場的報紙在爭議性政治新聞的事實建構上是否呈現差異。研究以「319槍擊案」事件為個案分析,並採用內容分析法及框架分析進行實證資料探討。 在客觀報導部份,本研究從文獻檢閱的過程中歸納出五項客觀報導原則,包括倒金字塔式純淨新聞形式、平衡報導、消息來源可追溯性、中性陳述的新聞呈現方式,以及中立的新聞立場等。研究發現,各報在報導「319槍擊案」事件時,特稿、新聞分析等表達意見的新聞形式,以及夾議夾敘的純淨新聞比例相當高,同時,各報也經常引用不明確或匿名的消息來源,不符合客觀報導原則。各報在報導「319槍擊案」事件時,新聞立場上呈現明顯差異。被認為傾向泛綠陣營的報紙,均採取有利於泛綠陣營的立場;相對的,被認為傾向於泛藍陣營的報紙,則採取不利於泛綠陣營的新聞立場。因此,新聞立場似乎是衡量不同報紙實踐客觀報導的最適當標準。 在事實建構部份,本研究以框架分析探討不同政黨立場的報紙對新聞主題、消息來源策略和新聞框架的選擇,發現各報傾向以爭議性的新聞主題建構「319槍擊案」的新聞事實,而不同政黨立場的報紙即使選擇同樣的新聞框架,在框架論點上仍呈現出與其政黨立場相符的新聞事實。在消息來源方面,除了蘋果日報,其餘四家報紙在一則新聞中同時引用對當事人陳水扁、呂秀蓮持正面與負面立場的消息來源之比例很低。各報在處理正反意見時,多半以兩則新聞在版面上並陳的區隔方式來呈現,而非傳統新聞學強調在同一則新聞中呈現正反意見的形式。這種做法相信與國內報紙的新聞採訪路線設置有關,已成為國內報紙處理爭議性政治新聞的特色。 / This study attempts to analyze the media performance and news representation of critical issues related to political news in newspapers which embraced different kind of political position. Taking “319 Shooting” incident as a critical example, this study tries to examine how did the local newspapers from different political stand implement objective reporting and construct news facts? How did the newspapers address these issues? The methodology includes content analysis and frame analysis. Content analysis aims to examine the application of objective reporting from different newspaper. Frame analysis aims to investigate the construction and manufacturing of news facts in “319 Shooting” incident. The research gathers news reports that relate to six critical period of “319 Shooting” investigation and manages to get 631 pieces of news report. The results of content analysis show that five papers implemented objective reporting in different degree. Political stand could be considered as the key factor in the implementation of objective reporting. Papers which regarded as pro-pan-green camp were proved to produce news reports that were obviously biased to pan-green camp, whereas papers which regarded as pro-pan-blue camp showed the same political tendency in their news reporting. On the other hand, the results of frame analyses imply that profession news frame is the most covered in the news. Under the same news frame, papers from different political stand tended to select the frame arguments which can fulfill their political position. Besides investigators, pan-green and pan-blue camps’ supporters were given the larger spaces as news source in the five papers.
2

報紙政治新聞小報化傾向初探─《蘋果日報》在台發行前後之比較 / Tabloidization of Political News in Newspapers - Before and After the Publication of Apple Daily in Taiwan

尹俊傑, Yi,Chun Jeh Unknown Date (has links)
國內報業在開放報禁後逐漸邁入競爭激烈的市場型態,各報先後朝以讀者需求與利潤為依歸的市場導向模式發展,而《蘋果日報》於2003年在台灣發行之後,再度對台灣報業市場產生一次極大衝擊。本研究聚焦在報紙政治新聞,觀察以往以硬性資訊為主的政治新聞在此脈絡下是否也受其影響開始出現或加劇原有的「小報化」傾向。 本研究以《自由時報》、《中國時報》、《聯合報》三大報的前三版政治新聞做為「非小報」的政治新聞樣本,並以《蘋果日報》在台發行當年、以及前後三年(2000年、2003年與2006年)做為分析期間,採用量化內容分析法,比較這三階段政治新聞的報導形式、內容與風格等面向。 在形式面,國內報紙政治新聞的報導內文篇幅並沒有顯著的減少跡象,其標題與搭配的照片面積也沒有明顯增大,改變最大之處在於報紙政治新聞搭配刊登照片的新聞比例逐漸提高,使得整體版面呈現出更加視覺圖像導向的「小報化」形式特色。 在內容面,本研究發現在報導主題的轉變上,關乎政府政策與國會等較具公共性質的新聞量明顯減少、針對政治醜聞的報導明顯增加;然而,聚焦單一政治人物的個人化報導,多年來卻維持一定比例沒有明顯增加,這部分並不吻合「小報化」的新聞主題發展。 在風格面,政治人物的個人報導朝軟性化發展,含納更多私領域動態或是人情趣味元素;而記者在撰寫特稿與評論時,更容易以明顯字句對特定政治人物或黨派進行負面批評;聚焦政治衝突的新聞量雖然沒有顯著增加,但衝突事件的主角卻也逐漸轉移到政治人物彼此的個人恩怨上。 最後,本研究以四個客觀性報導處理手法做為觀察指標,檢視國內政治新聞報導是否受「小報化」負面影響而在新聞專業與報導素質上做出讓步。在純淨新聞裡不摻記者個人意見、和明確提供消息來源等基本處理方式上,《蘋果日報》登台前後的政治新聞差異並不大;然而,國內報紙政治新聞的解釋與評論性質報導卻帶有了更多的黨派色彩,且平衡陳述對立意見的報導比例也逐漸減少。 / Apple Daily has made an impact on the strongly competitive newspaper market in Taiwan since its publication in 2003, spilling over tabloid news values into other media outlets. This study focuses solely on traditionally serious and hard political news and sets out to examine whether it has been influenced, or tabloidized, over time. Quantitative content analysis on political news items from three largest non-tabloid newspapers - Liberty Times, United Daily and China Times - was carried out and measured at three different levels: form, main topic and style. News samples were randomly selected in 2000, 2003 and 2006. In terms of form, more and more political news incorporated visual elements, such as photographs, as means for presenting information, while the page space devoted to text remained relatively stable. As for main topic, the overall decrease of coverage on government, parliament and policies was evident, and the focus has been shifted toward political scandal. With regard to style, the personalized coverage on political figures was done with a more softer approach by focusing more on human interest stories. And personal conflicts of politicians were highlighted in coverage on political conflict. Finally, measurement of objective reporting was adopted to gauge whether there was an overall decrease in journalistic standards of political reporting. The results were mixed. While the basic practices of not presenting subjective opinion and anonymous news source were maintained over the period, the news comments have become more partisan and the balanced presentation of conflicting political views has decreased.
3

我國新聞從業人員之專業性及其處理新聞之關聯性研究

陳碧珍, Chen, Bi-Zhen Unknown Date (has links)
前言: 第一章導論:第一節研究主題及主要概念: (一) 研究主題, (二) 主要概念之界定 。第二節有關研究理論與文獻: (一) 守門理論, (二)有關新聞從業員專業性的研究 , (三) 中文可讀性的研究。第三節研究目的。 第二章研究設計:第一節研究設計模式,第二節研究方法之一--調查法: (一) 問 卷設計, (二) 選樣與訪問, (三) 資料處理。第三節研究方法之二--內容分析法 : (一) 分析對象與選樣, (二) 測量的單元, (三) 分析題目, (四) 資料處理。 第四節資料的綜合處理。 第三章研究結果之分析:第一節信度與效度,第二節國會記者專業性之分析: (一) 國會記者之性別、年齡、教育程度與其專業性之關聯性, (二) 報紙經營型態與其客 觀報導國會新聞之關聯性, (三) 國會記者之專業性與其新聞寫作重點強調之關聯性 , (四) 國會記者之專業性與其新聞寫作可讀性之關聯性。 第四章研究結果之討論:第一節國會記者之專業性,第二節報紙處理國會新聞之型態 ,第三節國會記者之專業性與其處理新聞之關係。 結語

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