俄國作家索忍尼辛在其文學創作生涯中，以不凡勇氣對抗蘇聯體系聞名於世，並因對俄羅斯文學精神價值的延續而榮膺1970年諾貝爾文學獎。過往對於索忍尼辛的研究受到冷戰政治語境的限制而有所侷限，然今日觀之，其創作中雖有許多對於蘇聯體制的直接指涉與批判，但其中的藝術內涵與永恆價值仍值得文學研究者深究。具有高度自傳色彩的小說《癌症病房》以作家曾罹患癌症並奇蹟痊癒的經歷寫就，該作品雖是以癌症病房為背景，但延續作家在創作中對於蘇聯的批判傳統，文本呈現權力、空間與個體的深刻互動：權力透過種種規訓手段對個體加以馴化，個體則透過不同方式對權力進行抵制，權力關係在兩者的積極互動之中成形；空間成為權力施展與個體抵抗的場域，以及反映個體權力之消長等多重角色。本論文主要分為三個部分：首先是以傅柯的權力理論分析小說中所存在的規訓權力；接著以傅柯的異質空間理論和巴赫金的狂歡化理論析論癌症病房同時亦為一抵抗場域，並分析小說中個體的抵抗形式及其意義；最後續以異質空間理論，分析小說中病房外的其它空間在喻示個體權力之升沉所具備的意涵。

本文將以目前台灣最大的網路新聞時事討論區──PTT Gossiping看板（以下簡稱「八卦板」）為研究對象，分析透過BBS媒介所形成的網路群眾文化，並探究其民主意涵。有別於一般網路公共領域的研究，本文將由「對抗性公共」與「狂歡節」這兩個概念切入，並借鏡俄國文學批評家Bakhtin所提出的「眾聲喧嘩」與「公共廣場」等說法，嘗試論證透過網路媒介所形成、並帶有集體性狂歡節色彩的社會互動空間，如何落實異於Habermas菁英式公共領域的公共生活想像。 就內容而言，本文可粗略區分為兩部分：首先我們將以Gossiping看板為例，從集體性的角度描繪網路群眾文化的樣貌（第二、三章），接著再進一步說明其民主意涵（第四章）。在第二章當中，我們將藉由回顧八卦板的看板歷程，說明本文所討論的八卦板「網路公眾」，在評論新聞、針砭時事的表面下，其實潛藏著某種不同於理性個人交往的社會關係形態；對於這樣的現象，我們可以暫且稱之為「網路起鬨」。在第三章，我們將透過集體亢奮與狂歡節的概念，進一步擴充網路起鬨現象的抽象意義，並嘗試說明：即便到了今天，人們透過網路媒介進行的互動，仍然表現出「非凡、例外」的強烈集體情緒；這樣的集體性，既不同於公共領域理性論辯的互動方式，亦無法簡單斥之為「非理性」的劣質文化。以此種互動關係樣態為背景，在第四章我們將著重討論帶有狂歡節特質的網路群眾文化，如何透過語言的運用，體現Bakhtin強調多元觀點的「眾聲喧嘩」概念；此種狂歡節語言，能夠跳脫代表語言中心化力量的Habermas公共領域設想，從而落實「公共廣場」概念所描繪的、強調對話而不強加共識的公共生活。最後在第五章結論當中，本文除了對全文進行簡要總結之外，並討論了「社會關係／mob-ility」、「遊戲」以及「日常生活」等等概念，嘗試為網路文化的進一步研究，提供可能的參考方向。 / Taking Taiwan’s largest internet news forum “PTT Gossiping” as research object, this thesis analyses the culture of internet crowds formed through the medium of BBS (Bulletin Board System), and explores its democratic implications. Different from existing researches of “internet public sphere”, this thesis set out its arguments by resorting to concepts of “counterpublics” and “carnival”, and concludes with the notions of “heteroglossia” and “public square”, both proposed by Russian literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin, to demonstrate how a collectively carnivalistic social space of interaction, formed by internet, can provide us with an alternative imagination of public life that is different from Habermasian (elite) public sphere. This thesis consists of two parts: firstly, it analyses the culture of internet crowds from the sociological perspective of collectivity, taking PTT Gossiping as example (Ch. 2 & Ch. 3); secondly, it elaborates the democratic implications of this culture (Ch. 4). In Ch. 2, we review the historical development of PTT Gossiping, in order to demonstrate that the “internet public” constituting this news forum shows a non-personal as well as non-rational mode of social interaction, which we can provisionally describe as “internet mobbing”. In Ch. 3, we elaborate the sociological meaning of internet mobbing, by resorting to concepts such as “collective effervescence” and “carnival”, arguing that the “extraordinary, exceptional” feature of strong collective emotions can still be observed nowadays in internet interactions. This collectivity is neither similar to rational, reasoning mode of interaction proposed by the idea of “public sphere”, nor can it be denounced simply as “irrational” or bad culture. Based on this kind of social interaction, in Ch. 4 we explore how the using of carnivalistic language by internet crowds can embody Bakhtinian heteroglossia. By emphasizing the value of multiple perspectives, the carnivalistic language use of internet crowds breaks away from Habermasian public sphere, and helps to bring about a public life depicted by Bakhtinian “public square”, encouraging dialogue rather than forcing consensus. Finally, in Ch. 5 we sum up the thesis, and discuss ideas such as “social relationship / mob-ility”, “game”, and “everyday life”, which can serve as possible directions for further studies on internet culture.