University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

鍾佳華. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 315-324. / 英文摘要. / Zhong Jiahua. / 緖論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 地方管理組織的延續與變遷 --- p.12 / Chapter 一、 --- 輔官而治的保安局 / Chapter 1. --- 保安局的由來 / Chapter 2. --- 保安局在咸同以後的發展 / Chapter 3. --- 淸末保安局日常職能 / Chapter 4. --- 保安局權重的由來 / Chapter 5. --- 挑戰與回應 / Chapter 二、 --- 城市商業組織 / Chapter 1. --- 由行會到商會--汕頭萬年豐會館的變遷 / Chapter 2. --- 海陽商會的成立 / Chapter 3. --- 商人資本家的興起---幾位行會/商會會董背景的介紹 / 小結 / Chapter 第二章： --- 制度的更新與創立 --- p.66 / Chapter 一、 --- 淸末潮嘉地區治安形勢與官紳對策 / Chapter 1. --- 警察制度的推行 / Chapter a. --- 警察機構的建置及發展 / Chapter b. --- 機構的運作及管理、編制 / Chapter c. --- 經費的籌措與來源 / Chapter d. --- 運作問題(紀律與濫權） / Chapter e. --- 警察的活動及其權責 / Chapter 2. --- 團練的復興與更新 / Chapter 二、 --- 由文仕公所到勸學所一新式教育組織的設立 / Chapter 1. --- 民間教育組織及勸學所的成立 / Chapter 2. --- 教育組織的經費籌措 / Chapter 3. --- 地方教育組織之活動及其職權 / Chapter 4. --- 勸學所推動教育的阻礙 / Chapter 三、 --- 自治組織的興起 / Chapter 1. --- 家族自治 / Chapter 2. --- 戒煙會 / 小結 / Chapter 第三章： --- 紳商與城市管理 --- p.163 / Chapter 一、 --- 紳商在城市自治中的角色及作用 / Chapter 1 . --- 紳商與市政管理 / Chapter 2. --- 走向文明之路一紳商對推動地方現在化的貢獻 / Chapter 3. --- 紳商與慈善救濟 / Chapter 4. --- 潮汕紳商對水利的整治一以北堤爲例 / Chapter 二、 --- 公共空間的擴張與官、商關係的轉變 / Chapter 1. --- 從三件事看淸末官商的角力 / Chapter 2. --- 潮商頑抗的文化透視 / Chapter 3. --- 合作與對抗一官、商關係的變數 / 小結 / Chapter 第四章： --- 士紳與地方自治 --- p.209 / Chapter 一、 --- 士紳與ˇёإ村管理--嘉應州西陽堡個案硏究 / Chapter 二、 --- 振興實業 / Chapter 三、 --- 倡導新式教育 / Chapter 1. --- 官紳對引進新學的試驗--同文學堂 / Chapter 2. --- 黃遵憲與新式教育 / Chapter 3. --- 尋求普及教育的努力 / Chapter 4. --- 推行新式教育的困境及官紳之應對 / Chapter a. --- 保守勢力的阻撓 / Chapter b. --- 辦學經費的籌措：來源及方法 / Chapter c. --- 宗族、華僑與地方教育 / Chapter 5. --- 教育政策的流弊及其後遺症 / Chapter 6. --- 官、紳推動教育之成效及評價 / 小結 / Chapter 第五章： --- 紳商與淸末民初地方政情 --- p.269 / Chapter 一、 --- 從嘉應黨獄案透視淸末潮嘉地方政情 / Chapter 1. --- 猜疑與防範 / Chapter 2. --- 派系紛爭 / Chapter 3. --- 保守與專制 / Chapter 4. --- 新、舊勢力的傾軋 / Chapter 5. --- 黨獄案的迴響 / Chapter 二、 --- 從諮議局選舉看士紳的政治參與及社會權力的再調整 / Chapter 三、 --- 新聞界與社會運動 / Chapter 四、 --- 紳商與民初潮嘉政局 / Chapter 1. --- 地方自治的實現 / Chapter 2. --- 商人與辛亥革命 / Chapter a. --- 潮汕地區 / Chapter b. --- 嘉應州 / 小結 / 結論 --- p.312 / 徵引書目 --- p.315 / 後記 --- p.325 / 附圖表目錄 / Chapter 表1.1 ： --- 潮州保安局紳辦理地方事務舉隅表 --- p.61 / Chapter 表1.2 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區團練保安局舉隅表 --- p.61-62 / Chapter 表1.3.： --- 淸末民初潮嘉商會一覽表 --- p.63-64 / Chapter 表1.4 ： --- 高氏家族企業商號及其事業(1853-1933) --- p.65 / Chapter 表1.5 ： --- 陳黌利(陳煥榮子)家族企業商號及其事業(1932年) --- p.65 / Chapter 表2.1 ： --- 淸末潮嘉各屬地區的治安狀況統計表 --- p.150 / Chapter 表2.2 ： --- 淸末興寧三點會匪活動表 --- p.151 / Chapter 表2.3 ： --- 淸末嘉應州匪黨一覽表 --- p.152 / Chapter 表2.4 ： --- 淸末揭陽河婆三點會匪活動表 --- p.153 / Chapter 表2.5 ： --- 淸末潮屬主要匪黨一覽表 --- p.154-155 / Chapter 表2.6 ： --- 光緒二十九年揭陽縣團甲保正人員一覽表 --- p.156 / Chapter 表2.7 ： --- 淸末潮嘉教育/啓蒙組織一覽表 --- p.157-159 / Chapter 表2.8 ： --- 1915年西陽堡群化墾牧公司創辦成員 --- p.159 / Chapter 表2.9 ： --- 梅縣第十一區(西陽)警衛事務委員會(治安會)核心成員名單(1929- 1930s) --- p.160 / Chapter 表2.10 ： --- 黃族議事會(1915)成員名單 --- p.160 / Chapter 表2.11 ： --- 抗日戰爭時期西陽黃坊村將校官名單 --- p.161 / Chapter 表2.12 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區戒煙會 --- p.161-162 / Chapter 表2.13 ： --- 淸末澄海同善管理層人員 --- p.162 / Chapter 表3.1 ： --- 1908年省城水災汕頭助賑會成員 --- p.205 / Chapter 表3.2 ： --- 辛亥年潮嘉水災救災團體 --- p.205-206 / Chapter 表3.3 ： --- 宣統元年潮州路權硏究會成員名單 --- p.206 / Chapter 表3.4 ： --- 光緒/宣統朝歷任惠潮嘉道及潮州知府名單 --- p.207-208 / Chapter 表4.1 ： --- 新西陽堡學會(1904)會員名單 --- p.250 / Chapter 表4.2 ： --- 淸末民初潮嘉地區工商實業發展表 --- p.251-256 / Chapter 表4.3 ： --- 淸末潮嘉新式學堂一覽表 --- p.257-266 / Chapter 表4.4 ： --- 1904年潮、嘉籍省垣學堂管理員練習所練習員 --- p.267 / Chapter 表4.5 ： --- 淸末嘉應州專門學校舉隅表 --- p.268 / Chapter 表5.1 ： --- 宣統元年嘉應知州鄒增祜處理黨獄案經過表 --- p.303 / Chapter 表5.2 ： --- 光緒三十一年興寧縣訟訴收費一覽表 --- p.304 / Chapter 表5.3 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區自治組組織舉隅表 --- p.304-305 / Chapter 表5.4 ： --- 嘉應州諮議局選舉複選負責人名單 --- p.306 / Chapter 表5.5 ： --- 諮議局選舉嘉應州初選當選名單 --- p.306 / Chapter 表5.6 ： --- 諮議局選舉興寧縣初選當選名單 --- p.306-07 / Chapter 表5.7 ： --- 潮屬各縣複選候選人名單 --- p.307-08 / Chapter 表5.8 ： --- 廣東諮議局潮嘉兩屬議員名單 --- p.308 / Chapter 表5.9 ： --- 淸末民初潮嘉地區主要報刊一覽表 --- p.309 / Chapter 表5.10 ： --- 淸末潮嘉士紳升遷流動舉例表 --- p.310-311 / Chapter 圖1. --- 潮梅地區簡圖 --- p.10 / Chapter 圖2. --- 淸末汕頭港簡圖 --- p.10 / Chapter 圖3. --- 淸末澄海縣地圖 --- p.11 / Chapter 圖4. --- 嘉應州署及保安局位置圖 --- p.149 / Chapter 圖5. --- 淸末海陽縣城圖 --- p.208 / Chapter 圖6. --- 嘉應州西陽堡簡圖 --- p.244 / Chapter 圖7. --- 二十年代汕頭市地圖 --- p.x

University of Macau / Faculty of Education

明代礦業是中國礦業發展興衰成敗的關鍵期，在物質文化、商品經濟帶動下，此時各界都對工業原料的獲取感到興趣，明代官方與民間也不例外，官方政策無論是封禁或鼓勵開採，著眼點都是在確保「普天之下莫非王土」的礦利之權；而民間開採風氣亦屢禁不絕，亦即官民均在坑冶中進行活動，形同「坑冶競利」的較勁現象。 明代礦政發展可分三期觀察：(1)明初洪武至宣德年間(1368-1435)是明代礦業穩定發展期。朱元璋立國主張謹慎發展銅鐵開採事業，嚴禁金銀等貴重金屬的開採，但繼任者明成祖朱棣則支持開採弛禁，積極推動開礦事業，因此明代放寬對鐵冶開採的限制，不過對於金銀等貴重金屬開採則出現爭論，時開時禁，反倒成為明代礦業政策中最為鮮明的特色。(2)明正統至萬曆年間(1436-1620)是礦法與礦課調整時期。自明英宗朱祈鎮即位後，政府嚴格加強礦政管理，發布禁約，犯者即調軍剿捕，直到萬曆朝中期，官方還陸續針對《大明律》所欠缺的礦法，修改金銀銅錫等礦法條例細則，以因應社會的變遷。為求開礦增課，官方對於民間的非法採冶活動作了讓步，並改變明初定額課徵的規定，實施官三民七或官四民六的抽分制。但因皇室財政相當倚重礦銀收入，部分地區被強制改採官民對半抽分制，或實施「包派」、「包砂」、「包課」等名目不一的礦稅制度，弊端層出不窮，反而得不償失。(3)明天啟至崇禎年間(1621-1644)是封礦與開採弛禁時期。受到萬曆朝礦稅使事件影響，後來朝野各界均不主張開礦，但晚明財政的危機、邊鎮軍餉匱乏，急需鑄造錢幣礦料等因素，促使朝廷逐漸放寬採礦禁令，進而同意各地擴大開採貴重礦物，並翻譯頒布《坤輿格致》等礦書。 帶給明代礦政最致命的傷害，莫過於「礦盜」的活躍。自明初起，有關當局欲傾全力去圍堵防範，可是官方以暴制暴的鎮壓方式，反倒促成葉宗留等礦徒公開稱王造反，成為明代最為眾人所知的礦盜事件。為了穩定礦區生產與秩序，中央曾特派戶部官員、內臣與錦衣衛特使，以及巡按監察御史等專人留駐礦區監督；地方則派有按察僉事、副使、布政使參議等巡視礦場官員；軍事層級上又派任都指揮僉事管理礦區治安，並在礦場附近留有衛所、民兵戍守。 採礦所得誘惑甚高，礦冶業的蓬勃，多少也衝擊到地方社會的常態秩序。明代中期以後，原在浙江、福建交界等地活動的礦徒，逐漸轉往南直隸、浙江、江西交界等地發展；也有一些江西、福建等地的流民，因人口壓力下的生存競爭，陸續進入福建、江西、廣東交界，在粵東山區內進行季節性的採冶工作，形成獨特的地域社會。由於礦徒事件與倡亂區域明顯擴大，官方遂將地方礦政事權漸歸督撫來統籌管理，嚴格執行禁令，並且還特設總督處理浙直江西軍務事，以統攝三省礦防軍兵，清查轄區所有的礦場地點，以阻絕礦徒的活動。 另一方面，礦防兵力主要是借重地方民兵，甚至還招撫礦徒入營效力，但這項招募礦兵、採行招撫的作法，也帶給地方社會負面的影響。在浙江義烏，地方十室九空，成為地方上的一大隱憂。在廣東惠州地區，招撫未能得宜，礦徒事件有增無減，顛覆日常的社會秩序，地方士民不滿官方政策，激發民間的地域認同，出現了類似《定氛外史》等關心地域的作品，進而強烈抵制官府地方行政區劃的變動。 明代的礦徒問題，始終未能妥善解決，地方社會自然不願配合政府的開礦政策。明代官民在坑冶間相互競利，卻兩敗俱傷，沒有一方是嬴家。礦務執行的爭議、開礦引發的恐慌、礦徒倡亂事件的不絕，最終都讓明代礦政畫下了休止符。

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Department of Government and Public Administration

Shi Hua is an important genre in the traditional Chinese literary criticism. The Qing dynasty (1644-1911) is the prime period of the composition of Shi Hua, the number of which amounts to a total of more than 1,000 works. Compared with other dynasties, this figure is unsurpassable. The study of Shi Hua usually focuses on one author, one school or one dynasty, and a large-scale research from the vision of area is rare. This dissertation aims to study the works of Shi Hua of the Guangdong Province in the Qing Dynasty. Starting to appear in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong became abundant in the Qing dynasty. Even after the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, the composition of the works of Shi Hua was still occasionally observed. During the Qing dynasty, about 100 works of Shi Hua were composed by the authors of Guangdong nativity, while only 30-odd works are still extant. The rich content of these works demonstrates the intimate relationships between the Shi Hua of Guangdong and the poetry of the same area as well as the entire Qing dynasty. / The study of this dissertation is three-layered. Firstly the historical development of the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong in the Qing dynasty is discussed, and the information about the extant works and their authors is investigated. Secondly the development and evolution of the Guangdong poetry are analyzed on the basis of the content of the works of Shi Hua. Thirdly the theories and the value of several important works of Shi Hua in Guangdong are studied. The dissertation is divided into eight chapters: Chapter 1, the development of the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong in the Qing dynasty: in a chronological order, the development of the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong in the Qing dynasty is discussed in order to outline their literary thoughts. Chapter 2, the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong in the Qing dynasty and their authors: the authors' nativities and the background of composition are scrutinized. Chapter 3, the discussions about the Guangdong poetry in the works of Shi Hua of Guangdong in the Qing dynasty: the regional features of the Guangdong poetry discussed in the Shi Hua and their relations with poetry societies, clans, paintings, political background and the compilation of collectanea are studied, and the poetic thought of 'Tang-following' is emphasized. Chapter 4, the study in the works of Shi Hua of Huang Pei-fang: Huang's attitude towards the Qing poetry is studied, his poem creation theory is examined so as to reveal his poetic thought of 'Tang-following'. Chapter 5, the study in the works of Shi Hua of Zhang Wei-ping: Zhang's comments on the Qing poetry is studied, the principles and influence of his works of Shi Hua are deduced, and his poetic thoughts of 'spirit' and 'profoundness' are explored as well. Chapter 6, the study in the works of Shi Hua of Liang Jiu-tu and He Yue-yu: Liang's poetic thoughts of 'temperament' and 'freshness' is studies, and He's eclectic theory of the Qing poetry and the traditional poems is assessed. Chapter 7, the study of Liang Qi-chao's Yin Bing Shi Shi Hua: Liang's idea of literary revolution is studied, and his reforming poetic thought of new ambition and old style is illustrated. Chapter 8, the Study of Huang Jie's Shi Xue: Huang's construction of the history of Chinese poetics and its influence is probed. / 程中山. / 論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(p. 406-418). / Adviser: Kuan Io Wong. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0601. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Can kao wen xian (p. 406-418). / Cheng Zhongshan.

Having written over 449 pieces of Cantonese opera works, Tang Di-sheng (1917-1959) is considered to be one of the most outstanding and influential librettists and playwrights of Hong Kong Cantonese opera in the 1950s. His Cantonese operas such as Liu Yue Xue (Snow in June; 1956), Di Nu Hua (The Floral Princess; 1957) and Zi Chai Ji (The Purple Hairpin; 1957), Shuang Xian Bai Yue Ting (Two Immortals at the Pavilion of the Moon; 1958), Bai Tao Hui (Madam Lee Sam Neung; 1958), and Zai Shi Hong Mel Ji (The Reincarnation of Plum Blossom; 1959) are well known to be Tang's masterpieces. / In chapters three and four, the study applies the Merriam's model "concept", "behavior" and "music sound". First, the thesis examines the classical plays, the historical story, pre-existed Cantonese opera and other plays and discusses these "concepts" in relation to Tang's creation. His "behavior", behavior of performers, musicians, audiences and listeners constitutes in the stage performances, the movies and the recordings became the "music sound" of the works of Tang. Finally, it also attempts to understand the works of Tang against the social and cultural background in Hong Kong. The analysis of the selected works shows that Tang attempted to change the creative idea of the works, performing practice, the female role in the 1950s, and how Tang cultivated a unique Hong Kong flavor in his own works. / The theoretical framework is based on Merriam's research model, "concept", "behavior", and "music sound" itself, and has referred to Timothy Rice the revision model which developed a three-dimensional model ("historical construction", "social maintenance", and "individual creation and experience") for ethnomusicological research. Chapter two examines "individual creation and experience", which discusses the biography and the works of Tang Di-sheng, analyses his creativity and experience. Moreover, it is a macroscopic research to correlations in the Hong Kong society and Cantonese Opera. For "historical construction", this chapter studies the social background of Hong Kong's historical development, the development and changes of the social cultural contexts of Hong Kong society and a how did Tang receive "social maintenance" from 1950 to 1959. / 戴淑茵. / Adviser: Chan Sau Yan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 2942. / Submitted: November 2007. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 373-399). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Dai Shuyin.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Chinese

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

李少恩. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-201) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Shaoen.