本論文探討的主題有四：（一）陳述中文文法手語與台灣自然手語各語言層級結構的異同，並探查兩套手語系統結構差異部分的語言溝通效率與語意清晰度；（二）瞭解受試者兩套手語系統的語言能力及其語言使用情形；（三）調取受試者對兩套手語系統的語言刻板印象與手語政策態度；（四）探討現階段手語政策的實施。 本論文包含量化與質化的研究方法，研究對象為年滿十八歲、居住在大台北地區、且以手語為主要使用語言之聽覺障礙者。量化研究包含手語結構評估問卷及手語使用情形與語言態度問卷。受試者須先完成結構評估測驗，才進行手語使用情形與語言態度問卷之填答。手語結構評估問卷針對兩套手語系統之迅速程度、模糊程度、與歧異程度加以測試。語言結構評估項目共有基本詞彙、詞組、時貌、副詞、簡單句型、複句句型、與篇章等七大類共一百九十四項，以影片方式呈現。受試者每觀看完一項評估項目，即立刻根據影片內容回答問卷上之題目。語言使用情形與語言態度問卷則探查受試者手語能力、手語使用、及語言態度。本論文以非機率抽樣的滾雪球抽樣方式進行量化問卷的發放，共回收75份有效樣本，進行無母數統計分析。質化研究以深入訪談方式進行，以立意抽樣方式共訪問六名受訪者，重點在探查量化問卷所發現的結果之原因。 研究結果顯示，在結構評估測驗中，除了詞組與簡單句型之遞繫句之外，自然手語的溝通效率與語意清晰度皆高於文法手語。受試者的兩套手語系統能力均等，且兩套手語使用頻率主要決定於談話對象的語言使用。語言刻板印象與手語政策態度的調查結果顯示，受試者對自然手語有較高的評價。 依據研究結果，本論文建議現階段手語政策應調整其語言規劃方針，將自然手語納入啟聰學校正式教學語言。對未來手語政策規劃之建議為：研訂相關法令、設立專職機構、擴充手語詞彙並編撰手語字典、明訂啟聰學校教師教學溝通政策與鑑定教師手語能力、培育專業手語翻譯人才、設置手語相關節目並提供無溝通障礙環境、獎勵手語研究與推廣工作、增設相關系所。 關鍵字：台灣自然手語、中文文法手語、語言態度、語言政策 / This thesis aims to (1) compares the language structure of Chinese Signed Language (CSL) with Taiwan Sign Language (TSL), and investigates the efficiency, vagueness, and ambiguity of these two language systems; (2) to provide a preliminary evaluation of the implementation of Sign Language Policy in Taiwan through an investigation of the deaf’s proficiency in CSL and TSL, their use of them, and their attitudes toward both these two linguistic systems and the related policy. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are adopted. Quantitative analysis includes two tests. On “structure evaluation test,” the efficiency, vagueness, and ambiguity of CSL and TSL are investigated. Evaluated items are taped into 194 segments of films, distributed on 7 linguistic levels, including lexical items, phrases, tense, adverbs, simple sentences, complex sentences, and discourse. Subjects are required to answer the questionnaire immediately after each test item is shown. “Sign language use and attitude questionnaire” is to elicit the deaf’s language proficiency, language use, and language attitudes. 75 questionnaires are collected through nonprobability sampling and nonparamentric statistical test with all the subjects being deaf adults who live in Taipei area and use sign language for communication. For qualitative analysis, 6 informants were interviewed through judgemental samplings to interpret the results of the questionnaires. The results of statistic tests indicate that TSL is more efficient, less vague and less ambiguous than CSL. Moreover, the subjects’ proficiency in the two sign language systems are equally good and their frequency of language use are decided by their interlocutors. As to their attitudes toward the two sign languages and the related language policy, all the subjects show support to TSL. Based on the findings from the quantitative and qualitative analysis, suggestions are given as follows. Legislate the law. Establish a government institution, institute lexicology, set the instructional language of the deaf school and evaluate the proficiency of deaf school teachers. Train the interpreters and provide communication unimpediment environment. Investigate sign language research, and plant institution. Key words: Taiwan Sign Language, Chinese Signed Language, language attitude, language policy

本研究之研究對象為「聽障網路使用者」。探討之主題為：一、聽障網路使用者之傳播工具使用偏好概況；二、聽障網路使用者使用網路獲取資訊之情形；三、聽障網路使用者以網路與他人互動溝通之情形；四、網路傳播對聽障者社會參與之影響。 研究設計方面，先以質化的參與觀察及深度訪談法進行前導性研究，再以量化的網頁及書面問卷進行調查研究。最後共回收307份有效樣本，進行統計分析。 綜合質化及量化研究的結果，對目前聽障傳播政策有以下建議： （一）考量不同的聽障特質，選擇適合的傳播方式 （二）電視節目加設字幕 （三）補助聽障者之簡訊及寬頻費用 （四）善用網路服務聽障市民 （五）加強社會教育、宣導「聽障傳播權」概念 （六）落實聽障傳播權法規之執行 關鍵字：聽障、聾、重聽、傳播、網路、手語、社會參與、電視字幕 / This research is to investigate communicational behavior and preference of the people with hearing-impairment, and to investigate how the people with hearing-impairment use Internet to communicate with others and to access information. This research also aims at finding out how the Internet affects social participation of people with hearing-impairment. In order to gather excessive amount of data, participant observation and in-depth interviews were used as pilot study in this research. After pilot study, a sample data about 307 people with hearing-impairment was collected via web survey and general survey. Based on the findings of this research, there are the following suggestions: 1.In order to achieve better communication effect, the government should use different communication channels when communicating to different type of people with hearing-impairment. 2.Add captions to all television programs. 3.Grant people with hearing-impairment subsidy to purchase SMS services from mobile phone companies and to purchase broadband network services. 4.0ffer services via Internet to people with hearing-impairment. 5.Propagate the communication rights of people with hearing-impairment by social education. 6.Enforce correlative rules to assure the communication rights of people with hearing-impairment. Key words: hearing-impairment, deaf, hard of hearing, communication. Internet, sign language, social participation, captions

邁入數位電視紀元乃是全球之趨，而其對於增進身障者獲取各類資訊的「媒介近用權」具有莫大助益，其中針對聽障社群接取內容最重要的近用需求──「字幕」和「手語」服務，在數位科技匯流發展下，皆可以「隱藏式」之方式供應，同時造福聽障和非聽障之傳播權益，以及減輕廣電業者相關技術的支付成本。因此，近用服務的提供從過去的消極被動轉向現今的積極樂觀。而外國先進國家大多皆以公共廣電媒體之設立價值與目標，作為該國近用服務推動的核心主體，希望藉由數位電視的技術研發，達成更多聽障輔助應用之需求和供應滿足，協助其順利進入數位包容社會。故本研究以探詢國外落實近用服務情形，以做為我國公共廣電服務借力使力之參考，期許對我國聽障社群在傳播權益上產生影響。 　　 　　研究發現，英國、歐盟針對聽障社群的媒體近用落實，無論在法規的制定、實務的推行以及技術的研發等各層面皆有所重視，認為數位電視平台的時代，應協助聽障融入數位包容社會，並設法增進其傳播權益，以彰顯聽障與一般大眾之平權的公民地位；而在我國公視部份，其營運目標始終視英國BBC為效法對象，希冀在內、外資源充份下能達至同BBC供應近用服務之標準水平。然而在多種因素交織下，現階段公視對於聽障媒體近用服務的提供，則依舊保持類比電視時代之作為，不過，經本研究與其互動後了解，公視未來可能朝向增加其他近用服務項目發展，期望數位電視真正來臨時，其能化過往被動態度轉向積極進取：公視目前在電視平台持續兩個「手語專門」節目的製播，並預計規劃將手語服務擴大至「運動」類型節目，以符合聽障收視的期待；至於字幕服務，在已完備的基礎上，試圖朝向「表情字幕」與「即時字幕」發展；另外，於2011年HiHD數位頻道將推出「隱藏式字幕」功能。在網路平台方面，公視服務仍然延伸至電視頻道的節目宣傳與相關資訊供給為主，對於加強聽障的網路近用權益，例如「無障礙網頁空間」以及「近用小組」，認為必然有公共義務介入加以落實，但礙於目前並無相關資源規劃與投入，因此要實際推行仍有很大的進步空間。 / The main purpose of this study is to discover the practice of the right of media access in foreign countries, in order to provide reference to Taiwan’s Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) and to make progress on communication interests for hearing impaired community. “Caption” and “Sign Language” are the most important tools for hearing impaired people to gather all kinds of information and fulfill the necessity of access service. Under the digital convergence, these tools can be provided in special ways, which makes the hearing impaired people and the hearing people share the benefits simultaneously and the cost-down effect of broadcasting industry. We know that most developed countries positioned their access service project by referring to nation’s PSB. They believed the new era of digital TV is a solution to attend the balance between demand and supply of hearing impaired aid applications. While the provision of access services is getting more active and optimistic, the digital inclusion is much close to us. The study shows, British and Europe Union think they should assist hearing impaired people to be involved in e-Inclusion society and highlight equally citizen status by enhancing the rights of hearing impaired people. All the aspects such as regulation enactments, practical implementations and technique developments has been considering all the time on the stage of digital TV platform. Just like the BBC in British area, Public Television Service (PTS) in Taiwan is taking BBC as a benchmark to achieve the access services standard in condition of sufficient resources. However, changing the status quo is not so easy for inextricably interwoven reasons. PTS still works in an analog status. In spite of the circumstances haven't changed much till now, there are much more possibilities in the future. The study discovered some new progressive plans are possible for PTS’s access services in digital journey: PTS will continue to provide two programs which are sign-presented, and moreover, sign language service is going to show up in sports genre; As to caption services, PTS is working on facial expression caption and real-time caption provision; HiHD would have closed caption function in 2011. In the case of Internet platform, PTS is focused on propaganda and related information of TV programs. Barrier-free web space and access group are considered necessary for strengthening hearing impaired people’s Internet access rights and interests, but with insufficient resources planning and investment to put into realization. We can see there is still so much to do if we believe we have the affirmative obligations.