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我國承銷制度與新上市(櫃)公司股價行為關連性之研究程文萱 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討競價拍賣承銷新制是否能有效改善新股上市(櫃)初期鉅額價差之異狀,所使用的理論架構與方法主要為『訊息傳遞理論』。為充分瞭解研究中所提出之問題,本論文首先彙集整理國內外與新股上市價差有關之文獻,據以為研究假設形成之理論基礎,次就我國承銷制度的變革經過與目前競價拍賣制在台灣的實際運作情況作重點介紹與說明,俾利瞭解我國現行承銷制度之全貌。實證部份先對競價公司樣本進行屬性分析,再比較不同制度下兩組樣本上市(櫃)後股價超常報酬是否存在顯著差異,並提出影響實證結果的可能因素,以判斷現行競價拍賣制度是否足以改善蜜月期之異常股價行為。
依據訊息傳遞理論與現行競價拍賣之制度特性,本研究臆測若發行公司之現況良好且對未來營運充滿信心,則會有動機去發展出一些訊息機制(mechanisms)傳遞予投資大眾,而承銷價低估即為訊息之一。在非績優公司無意傳遞此等訊息、而競價拍賣又較易形成相對偏高承銷價之假設下,推論發行公司董監事持股比例高、總資產規模較小(風險程度較高)及股價表現不具特殊題裁之新上市(櫃)公司較傾向於透過競價拍賣制公開承銷新股。再就資訊不對稱經濟學論之,當前我國證劵發行市場之癥結除了承銷制度設計不當外,尚包括市場競爭性不足、財務資訊環境不佳等,新版競價拍賣制固然能使承銷價之決定方式透過市場機能反映供需,理論上承銷價當已接近市價,然在整體財務資訊環境與股票市場未臻合理完備之際,本研究認為僅憑制度面的變革並不足以解決承銷體系長期存在的弊端。
新版承銷制之運作概況及上述假說經實證檢定後獲致以下結論:
一、競價拍賣制之實施概況
(一) 截至 86 年 12 月 31 日止共有 31 家發行公司透過競價拍賣方式公開承銷新股,競價承銷總金額累計達新台幣 21,392,037,350 元。而全體競價公司樣本之平均得標率為 23.22%,多數個案的公開承銷價達投標底價 1.5 倍之最高水準,顯示投標競爭狀況十分激烈。
(二) 法人參與投標比例約為 25%,表示目前競價拍賣之投標市場尚未由機構法人所主導;而法人平均得標率為 18.67%,顯示法人所設定之新股合理價位仍較一般投資人為保守。
(三) 在進行相關係數之統計檢定後發現,競價樣本投標部份的熱絡程度會對投資人參與抽籤之意願形成正面影響。
二、競價公司樣本屬性推論
『上櫃公司中規模較小、風險程度較高者』及『所屬產業型態為傳統產業』是目前競價公司的重要屬性,『董監事持股比例高』與『掛牌於店頭市場』則未獲得實際數據的支持。
三、不同制度下的股價績效
(一)我國新上市(櫃)股票自上市(櫃)後第 1 個交易日至第 300 個交易日之間存在顯著正向超常報酬,表示整體而言,新股承銷價格有持續低估之現象。
(二)競價拍賣制縮短了新股蜜月期持續天數,然在新舊制度下,兩組樣本上市 (櫃)後第 1 個交易日至第 22 個交易日之超常報酬並無顯著差異;至第 23 個交易日起,競價公司股價之超常報酬方顯著的小於非競價公司樣本,顯示競價拍賣承銷新制改善新股蜜月期價差之成效未盡理想,且造成中長期股價行為較劇烈的波動。
承上,本研究認為就承銷體系長期存在的弊端而言,僅憑承銷制度的變革並不足以達到治本之功效,此一結論可供主管機關作為制定相關決策時之參考。 / The objective of this research is to study whether the new system, auction procedure, can effectively improve the IPOs underpricing during the honeymoon period. The theory applied in this research is mainly “Signaling model”.
For the purposes of realizing the problems arising from this study, first, the relative reseach documentation and references were collected and investigated. Second, the existing and new systems of underwriting applied in Taiwan were introduced and anaylyzed. According to these two approaches, we can have fully understanding on both the old and the new systems. On the aspect of the empirical test, first, the characteristic analyses of auction samples were conducted. Second, the comparison of whether there were significant different of abnormal returns of common stocks between two sets of systems was made. Then the possible factors which affect the results of the empirical test were found, thus could we judge whether the new system can improved the fact of abnormal price performance of common stocks new issued during the honeymoon period.
Based on the signaling theory and the characteristics of the new system, the following assumptions were made:
1.If the IPO firms operate well are confident of the future performance, they will be willing to transfer signals (e.g. underpricing) to their potential investors. However, the other IPO firms don't have that incentive to do so. Therefore, we expected the firms which their inside equity ratios are higher, the total assets are less, etc, will prefer to issue common stocks through the auction procedure, because that the new system inclines to form relative higher issue prices.
2.According to the Asymmetric-Information Hypothesis, in addition to the imperfect underwriting system, the existing problems of the IPO market are insufficient competency, undeveloped financial information environment, etc. Even the new system seems to reflect the demand and supply circumstances of the market, we will believed that the change of underwriting system is not sufficient to improve the existing defects of the IPO market.
The following conclusions were reached according to this study:
1.The operation of the new system:
(1)There were 31 firms applied the new system during the period of this study. The total underwriting amounts are NT$21,392,037,350.
(2)The involvement of the insitutional investors occupied 25% of the total offerings.
(3)According to the relative coefficient analysis, the situation of auction positively affected the situation of drawing.
2.The comparison of stock price performance between the different underwriting systems:
(1)There are positive abnormal returns on the new issued common stocks which go on for 300 or more dealing days.
(2)The new system shortens the length of the honeymoon periods. However, The abnormal returns had no significant difference between two samples of the old and new systems from the 1<sup>st</sup> to the 22<sup>nd</sup> dealing day. The abnormal returns of new system samples would be significantly less than that of the old system samples from the 23<sup>rd</sup> dealing day. This shows that the new system doesn't perform its objective which is to correct the underpricing of the old system well.
According to the conclusions made above, we believed that the change of underwriting system is not sufficient to improve the existing defects of the IPO market. This result of the research can be taken into consideration when making relative decisions.
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我國新上市承銷公開揭露體系之研究 / On Public Disclosure System of Initial Public Offerings謝孟君, Hsieh, Meng Chun Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在探討我國新上市承銷制度中公開揭露體系之最適管制體系,所使用之理論架構與方法為代理理論。為充份瞭解本研究所提出的問題,本研究首先深入探討我國現行的承銷制度,並依據相關研究理論與結果探究我國目前的承銷問題,其間對於公開揭露體系應有資訊內容之探討,係以理性預期均衡理論為依據。本研究以為無論係現制下的承銷制度或擬議中之競價拍賣制,其主要問題在於公開揭露體系的格式與內容不妥善。其次,我國股市中財務資訊(包括所有公開揭露資訊)的使用效率亦不高。在如許環境下,不知情投資者往往需要支付可觀的市場逆選擇機會成本。
本研究假設承銷商為代理人,發行公司為主理人,亟按雙方於通過上市審查後利害衝突之代理關係,分析我國新上市承銷制度中公開揭露體系之最適管制體系。首先以代理理論求得承銷獎酬契約之柏拉圖最適解,並以此結果為基礎,探討因道德危險所產生的次佳解,亦即,在代理人有道德危險的可能性下,最適承銷獎酬契約之特徵方程式。最後則利用充份統計量的概念證明,在次佳解下,代理契約若能增加額外資訊,可降低道德危險的機會成本。也就是在主理人或代理人一方之預期效用維持不變的情況下,相對的另一方其預期效用不會因而變差(會變好)。據此,在代理契約中增加額外資訊,對契約的結果係有價值的。本研究以為,承銷代理契約的設計亦應包括有價值額外資訊之設計,是項有價值額外資訊,本研究定義為承銷商制定承銷價的基礎與所使用之資訊。
是以,承銷商制定承銷價的基礎與所使用之資訊應公開披露於公開說明書,是種資訊因直接與投資者之利益相關,所以投資者較有動機使用是種資訊以從事新上市股票申購的決策並據以為上市後買賣決策之基礎。因此,是種資訊不但與股價決策攸關,且可增加新上市股票市場中之資訊使用效率。
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我國有價證券承銷制度暨承銷商法律責任之探討龔怡傳 Unknown Date (has links)
證券初級市場為資金需求者以發行有價證券的方式與資金供給者交換資金的市場,其主要的參與者有三:有價證券之發行者(資金需求者)、投資者(資金供給者)及承銷商(中介者),而將三者結合的制度即為初級市場之承銷制度。我國證券市場發展至今,為順應市場自由化及國際化之需求,已歷經多次的變革。行政院金融監督管理委員會成立後,於民國九十三年八月份通過「承銷制度改革方案」,針對初次上市(櫃)之承銷制度及承銷商專業功能與自律機制均有重大的變革,改革幅度為歷年最大的一次,足見主管機關對於證券市場改革的決心。此次承銷制度之改革,是否真能達到主管機關預期之目標,實有探討之價值。
承銷商為證券初級市場的中介者,負責溝通資金供給面與需求面,其角色甚為重要,因此現行法令對於承銷商之經營管理及其業務設有相當多的規範。此外,承銷商在承銷案件中,具有特殊之地位,因此無論是對於評估報告或是公開說明書,承銷商之法律責任均有其探討之價值。
本文首先對於承銷制度之基本意義作一說明介紹,包括承銷之意義、承銷商之角色及功能、承銷商之業務與報酬以及承銷作業程序。其次介紹美國及中國大陸之承銷制度,以為我國承銷制度比較參考之對象。在我國承銷制度方面,首先說明歷年承銷制度改革之重點,其次以承銷制度改革方案為中心,說明現行之有價證券承銷制度,並與外國制度作一比較分析,最後則介紹承銷制度之各種配售方式。
在承銷商之管理與法律責任方面,主要討論現行對於承銷商管理之相關規定,包括承銷商之經營與人員之管理規定、對承銷商之監督機制以及承銷商分級管理制度。最後則介紹評估報告及公開說明書之意義及內容,並討論承銷商對於評估報告及公開說明書相關之法律責任。
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