University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Chinese

一些研究發現常見的ESL(English as a Second Language)學習者在英語寫作時的錯誤為：用字不適當、動詞的形式不正確、句子缺少主詞、以及動詞時態錯誤。這些錯誤主要是起因於：字彙之不足、不清楚文法概念、本身母語的干擾。為了改善ESL學習者的寫作。我們希望能從文法關係的資訊來提供協助。目前，研究文法關係大多著重於字詞構成的單一文法關係，然而字詞在句中可能同時具備了不只一種文法關係。在我們的研究中，我們先發展文法關係樣式辨識系統。從句子中利用此系統提供使用者可搭配的文法關係，以了解可供使用的對應字詞。對應字詞可以輔助學習者適當地使用此關鍵字。此外設計使用者介面供查詢文法關係。以上，我們利用文法關係與搭配字詞來提供使用者英語寫作上的協助。而找尋樣式的做法，我們提出關聯法則和LSA(Latent Semantic Analysis)來實作。 / Some study found some common ESL (English as a Second Language) learners English Writing Error: improper use of the word, the verb form is not correct, the sentence lack of subject and verb tense errors. These errors are mainly due to: lack of vocabulary, grammar concept is not clear, the mother-tongue interference. In order to improve the ESL writing, we hope that the information from the grammatical relation to provide assistance. At present, the studies of grammatical relation mostly emphasize the word consisting of a single grammatical relation. However, words in the sentence may also have more than one grammatical relation. In our study, we first develop grammatical relation pattern recognition system. From the sentence using the system provides users with the grammatical relation, in order to understand the availability of the corresponding words. The corresponding words can help learners make appropriate use of this keyword. In addition the design of the user interface provides querying grammatical relation. This work makes use of grammatical relation and collocation in order to provide users with the assistance of English writing. And look for patterns of practice, we have proposed association rules and LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis) to implement.

本研究旨在探討台北地區高中英文教師對於英語文法教學的信念與實踐。本研究的對象為台北市的高中英文教師，研究方法以質量並重的問卷和訪談為主。問卷共回收146份，主要採用描述性統計分析；訪談人數為6人。研究重點如下:（一）教師信念與教學實務（二）教師信念與教學實務之間的關聯性以及（三）教師的教育背景和研習經驗如何影響教師的信念與實踐。 本研究主要發現如下: 1. 教師在文法教學的角色為幫助學生正確地溝通。 2. 教師的文法教學法主要採取演繹法且經過課前設計。 3. 教師的教學內容主要取決於學生程度及教材。 4. 教師的教學信念與實踐大致符合。 5. 教師的學術背景主要影響教師針對文法教學的時間問題上; 6. 而參加研習會影響教師的信念較顯著，表現在文法教學的方法和內容上。 本研究有助於認識高中英文教師教授文法的信念與教學情形。本研究可促進教師、以及英語教育工作者、教育有關單位對於文法教學實施情形的瞭解，並啟發教師作更有效能的文法教學。

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of Chinese

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本個案研究旨在深入研究一位國中英文教師在文法教學信念與實際教學之間的差異之處。本研究以Green (1971) 所提出的core belief和peripheral belief為基本架構，採用質性之資料收集及分析方式，以期對教師的教學信念、教學行為及兩者之間的不一致做出較詳盡的描繪及討論。參與本研究的教師為一位新北市公立國中的資深英文教師，對文法教學及英語教育有自己的一套理解及看法，備受同校老師的尊重。資料收集方式以課堂錄音觀察、半結構式訪談為主，教師的教學資料、自編的段考考卷、校內英文老師的領域會議紀錄為輔。 研究結果顯示，此教師的文法教學信念和行為的確有些許落差，主要反映在課外英語學習資源的使用、文法教學所佔的比重、以及文法術語的使用頻率上。造成此落差的原因主要是教師的core beliefs和peripheral beliefs內容的不一致，導致在教學現場上大部分的時間都用來完成core beliefs，因此peripheral beliefs的實施時間便受到壓縮了。此外研究者還發現，這位老師的core beliefs主要以較傳統、較常見的知識傳輸模式為主，而peripheral beliefs則是和英語教學理念較有直接相關，這部分呼應了Phipps and Borg (2009)所提出的假設，且此一現象是在教師信念的文獻中較少被提到的。根據這些發現，本研究提出對教師文法教學信念及實踐之差異的看法及未來研究的建議，以期對台灣的英語文法教學能有更多建設性的研究貢獻。 / The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the tensions between an English teacher’s grammar teaching beliefs and practices. The participant was an experienced junior high school English teacher who had her own principles in grammar teaching and English education. Green’s (1971) distinction of core beliefs and peripheral beliefs was adopted as the framework to analyze the participant’s grammar teaching beliefs. Data were collected from multiple sources such as semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, stimulated recall interviews, and documents such as the teacher’s teaching notes and test paper. By using initial coding and second level coding, these data were carefully examined to obtain the most salient themes of the participant’s grammar teaching tensions. The findings revealed three most significant tensions between the participant’s grammar teaching beliefs and practices: tension on the use of extracurricular teaching resources, on the proportion of grammar instruction, and on the use of grammatical terminology. The participant’s tensions were mainly due to the inharmonious relationship between core beliefs and peripheral beliefs. The former were more related to teaching philosophy in general, and the latter were more related to English teaching itself. In other words, the tensions between participant’s beliefs and practices were actually the gaps between knowledge transmission perspective and ideal English teaching principles. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions and pedagogical implications were raised for future research as well as English education field in Taiwan.

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国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(文学) / 乙第12905号 / 論文博第615号 / 新制||文||619(附属図書館) / 32115 / (主査)教授 木田 章義, 教授 大谷 雅夫, 准教授 大槻 信 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Letters / Kyoto University / DGAM