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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

新巴塞爾協定(Basel II)在銀行風險管理系統之探討_以個案銀行為例

魏毅賢 Unknown Date (has links)
新巴塞爾資本協定將於2006年底實施,國際大型銀行已普遍使用風險模型,以衡量市場風險、信用風險及作業等風險,而我國銀行現況,除少數幾家銀行使用風險模型以控管交易市場風險,信用風險的控管為傳統管理方式,依中央銀行金融檢查處於民國92年12月對49家本國銀行進行調查,其中在計提信用風險所需資本,有6家計畫採用內部評等基礎法,43家則採用簡易標準法或是標準法來計提;而作業風險有19家將採用標準法,有30家採用基本指標法。 另根據台灣金融研訓院針對我國國內外金融機構在2004年11月的問卷調查中發現,僅有8%金融機構大致完成Basel II 準備。在全體機構方面,有不到20%的機構建置系統中,不到10%的機構大致完成Basel II 準備。 新巴塞爾資本協定,是由舊版巴塞爾資本協定衍生而來,舊版巴塞爾資本協定亦規範了市場風險及信用風險,新版增加了作業風險,新版協定將使銀行更能了解風險所在,進而強化風險管理,此外銀行自有資本計提也比現行版本自有資本計提更具風險敏感度。相較於現行巴塞爾協定的幾個缺失,新巴塞爾協定的主要特點即是將資本適足建構在相互強化的三大支柱上: 一、 第一支柱:最低資本要求; 二、 第二支柱:敦促各國金融主管機關加強銀行資本適足性計算方法即內部風險管理模型之監理審查程序 三、 第三支柱:加強公開揭露,發揮市場紀律之功能。 唯有三支柱相輔相成,才能有效健全銀行風險管理。 因此本研究針對巴塞爾協定發展的過程與差異,站在銀行風險管理的角度,剖析新舊版本的差異與對我國金融業的衝擊,銀行又該如何因應新巴塞爾資本協定,本研究提出銀行因應的具體做法,從風險管理的組織架構、風險管理的機制、風險的衡量以及如何導入風險管理系統,建立風險管理績效指標,並以個案銀行為例,探討個案銀行導入時所面臨的問題,提出具體的建議以供參考。
2

導入符合新巴塞爾協定(BaselⅡ)風險管理之研究-以券商為例

郭美伶, Kuo,Mei Ling Unknown Date (has links)
近來我國金融市場掀起了新巴塞爾資本協定(BaselⅡ )的 熱潮,「風險管理」與「BaselⅡ 」被劃上了”等”號,於2006 年年底國際性銀行同步實施BaselⅡ , 亞洲國家中日本、新 加坡、香港以及台灣擠進第一波實施的行列,我國監理機關 與金融機構都面臨了重大的挑戰與轉型的契機,BaselⅡ 的精 神乃在引導金融機構正視風險管理的議題,以宏觀的經營角 度思考整體的風險與報酬。 證券市場這幾年來,因開放金控的設立以及國外券商來 台設立分公司, 整體金融產業的結構有很大的調整與變化, 新金融商品與衍生性商品的推陳出新與研發創新,使得證券 業可承作的商品日趨多樣化與多元化,相對地,證券商的專 業能力與商品的專業知識有明顯的技術落差,經營之整體風 險不斷的擴大與加劇,證券商將面臨內部極大的挑戰與外部 劇烈的競爭壓力與威脅, 面對瞬息萬變的金融市場, 實施 BaselⅡ 對健全我國金融市場的發展有積極正面的意義,其三 大支柱架構如下: 第一支柱 : 「最低資本計提」, 訂定最低資本適足門檻, 鼓 勵金融機構自行研發內部衡量法,計提信用風險、市場 風險、作業風險之最低資本需求, 以維持經營水準。 第二支柱 :「監理審查程序」,制定監理審查原則與程序,加 強監理機關審查之專業能力與執行審查之一致性。 第三支柱 : 「市場紀律」, 簡化資訊揭露的要求, 重著財務 資訊與風險管理資訊之揭露,提供市場參與者充分瞭解 金融機構風險概況, 以促進市場約制。 本研究針對證券業,以整體風險管理為考量來探究適用 BaselⅡ 風險管理的架構與導入風險管理的步驟,從制定風險 管理的政策、發展風險衡量的方法進而架構運行風險管理之 基礎建設, 著重落實風險管理的制度以達到風險管理的效 益, 並強調「風險管理」不是企業發展的限制, 而是未來企 業核心的價值、獲利的基礎與國際競爭之優勢。 / The financial market of our country has raised the upsurge of new Basel capital protocol (Basel Ⅱ ) recently , "risk management" has been considered as the equal term as " BaselⅡ",the international bank will implement Basel II in step at the end of the year of 2006 , the first wave of ranks implemented get into Japan, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan in the Asian countries, Taiwan’s organs and financial institution are all facing the great challenge and opportunity of transition , the spirit of Basel Ⅱ is the topic leading the financial institution to face risk management, ponder over the risk and reward of the whole in terms of management of the macroscopic. Securities market over these several years, the license’s release of establishment of financial holdings and foreign securities trader come to Taiwan to set up branch company, whole financial structure of industry have heavy adjustment very and change. New financial instrument and derivatives products research and development innovation, make more diversified and complexities that securities can make. On the contrary , the professional ability and knowledge of the instruments of the dealer in securities have obvious technological drop. In the face of the fast changing financial market, securities will face the violent challenge internally and with great competition pressure and threaten externally. There are positive and positive meanings to the development which perfects the financial market of our country to implement Basel Ⅱ . Its three major pillars structure is as follows: First pillar - "minimum capital requirement", to stipulate minimum capital threshold, to encourage financial institution research and develop inside model by oneself, to count the minimum capital demand of proposing credit risks , market risk , operational risk, in order to keep the competence of managing. The second pillar - " review the process of supervisory", to make the principle and procedure for regulatory compliance, and to strengthen the professional ability and review in a consistency way. The third pillar - "market discipline", simplifying the request for information revealing, and focus on financial information and risk management information, to offer the participant in the market to fully find out about the risk overview of financial institution, and to make in order the market discipline. The thesis is more focusing on the securities business,and is researching into the framework of BaselⅡ compliance and implementation procedure of risk management in regard with enterprise-wide risk management. Starting from setting the policy of risk management, developing the risk measurement method to the structuring the infrastructure of risk management , is to highlight the importance of risk management system and to get the benefits of risk management. Also, that risk management is not a restriction of enterprise's development, but enterprise's core competence , lucrative foundation and advantage of international competition in the future.
3

Basel II 之銀行企金授信實務─以無財簽資料為例

蕭博仁, Hsiao, Po-Jen Unknown Date (has links)
台灣金融機構將於2007年起逐漸採行新巴塞爾協定(Basel II),該協定主要規範金融機構之市場風險、信用風險與作業風險,要求提列一定水準之資本準備,目的係希望能夠穩定金融市場,避免因重大事件發生造成損失,導致金融機構無力償還的情形出現。 本研究對象乃係針對國內某金融機構於民國89年至90年的無財簽企金客戶建置違約機率(Probability of Default Model)模型,考慮建模方法使用上的普遍性、運作上的透明性及統計上缺乏理論與基礎的情況,本研究將採用羅吉斯迴歸(Logistic Regression)建置違約機率模型。模型之驗證部分,依據行政院金融監督管理委員會(2007)建議的七個驗證方向執行模型之驗證。
4

新巴塞爾協定下台灣上市櫃公司信用風險評等與財務危機預警羅吉斯模型之研究

容宗良 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著國際清算銀行將於2006年年底實施新巴塞爾資本協定,國內金融機構與金控公司等,為了要和國際市場接軌,擴展海外版圖的情況下,也必須遵從新巴塞爾協定的規範。所以本研究將以新巴塞爾協定中信用風險的基礎內部評等法,計算出被評定對象的違約概率,以建構一套適合國內一般產業上市櫃公司的信用風險評等與預警模型。 本研究所採用的是台灣經濟新報的資料,從中選取上下市(櫃)公司的財務報表資訊作為輸入資料。然後以逐步迴歸進行變數篩選,挑選出代表性的指標;再以羅吉斯迴歸的統計方法進行資料分析;最後則是利用所挑選出的指標,計算債務人的違約機率,以建置信用風險評等和風險預警的模型。 在信用評等方面,本研究將上市公司共分為七個等級,加上下市公司總共八個等級,這八個等級的機率由小到大依序代表了風險程度的高低,以做為決策者判斷是否融資的準則。同時在風險預警方面,以0.2為臨界點的狀況下,可以達到八成三的命中率,而型一誤差也控制在0.1左右,亦即違約機率大於0.2的公司,較有危機發生的可能。
5

應用資料採礦技術建置台灣中小企業之電子業信用評等模型

陳冠宇 Unknown Date (has links)
全球化潮流方興未艾,基於與國際接軌目標,我國金融業自2006年起實施新巴塞爾資本協定,期於現今日新月異金融環境中以全球一致性的銀行管理方法及制度落實其精神。實施新巴塞爾協定後,首當其衝者便是台灣產業發展主體—中小企業。以信用風險中資本計提為例,中小企業不若大型企業體質健全,且財務透明度亦為人詬病,相對提升金融機構授信風險,進而導致中小企業融資授信審查趨於嚴格與保守,中小企業融資難度與成本皆大幅增加。 有鑑於此,本研究以中小企業中電子業為主要研究對象,採資料採礦流程進行信用評等模型建置。為求配適最佳違約機率模型,分別以不同精細抽樣比例逐一配適羅吉斯迴歸、類神經網路及分類迴歸樹等統計模型,經評估後篩選出羅吉斯迴歸模型建置信用評等系統。再者,為確認模型與信用評等系統建置適當,係遵循新巴塞爾協定相關規範進行各項測試及驗證,結果顯示模型於樣本外資料測試表現良好,信用評等系統亦通過正確性分析、等級區隔同質性檢定及穩定度分析等驗證準則,冀能提供金融機構一套有效且精簡的信用管理機制,建立與中小企業間資訊對稱管道,於兩造雙方取得互利平衡,防範危機於未然。 / Globalization trend is still growing. Because of the objective of connecting to the world, the banking and finance industry in Taiwan has implemented the New Basel Capital Accord since 2006, hoping to make use of globally consistent banking management method and system to implement its spirit in this changing financial environment today. After the implementation of the New Basel Capital Accord, the principal development part in Taiwan industry, medium- and small-sized enterprises, is the first to be affected. For example, with regard to the capital requirements in credit risks, the constitution of medium- and small-sized enterprises is not as sound as large-sized enterprises’, and the financial transparency of medium- and small-sized enterprises is insufficient that the credit risk of financial institution would be lifted comparatively; and then, the finance and credit investigation of medium- and small-sized enterprises would become strict and conservative, thus the finance difficulty and cost of medium- and small-sized enterprises would be increased substantially. In view of this, this study regards the electronics industry from medium- and small-sized enterprises as the main study objects, and data mining procedures are used so as to establish the credit scoring system. To get the best probability model of default, different oversampling ratios are used one by one to match such statistical models and logistic regression, Neural Network Analysis, and C&R Tree; and logistic regression model is selected for the establishment of credit scoring system after assessment. Moreover, relevant the New Basel Capital Accord standards are followed to carry out every test and verification so as to confirm that the establishments of model and credit scoring system are appropriate. The result indicates that the model has good performance in out-sample test, while credit scoring system also passes such verification standards as accuracy analysis, level segment homogeneity test, and stability analysis. Hopefully, this study result can provide a set of effective and simple credit management system for the financial institution to establish information symmetrical channel with the medium- and small-sized enterprises, so that both parties can obtain mutual balance and the crisis can be alerted in advance.
6

新巴賽爾協定下服務導向架構(SOA)之研究—以銀行企業金融信用風險控管流程為例

劉名旂, Lue, Ming Chi Unknown Date (has links)
目前對於新巴塞爾協定的內部評量法,相關機構與學者都有進行研究,也發展出眾多不同的信用風險模型,但是對於金融機構而言如何分析各階段所需要的資訊,並透過資訊科技彈性的選擇相關方法,在眾多方法中尋找出真正符合銀行內部需求的評估模型,並且在授信的過程中將許多分散在不同資訊系統的資訊藉由一個有效的資訊架構,適時的提供給主管人員作為評估審核的決策依據,以及控管流程的進行,最後更進一步的計提資本,以符合新巴塞爾協定的規範,是目前金融機構最重要的課題。 因此本研究發展一套服務導向架構的系統平台,將符合新巴塞爾規範下信用風險模型使用的過程與方法以網路服務的方式模組化,銀行可以藉由系統平台所提供的流程架構,搜尋符合新巴塞爾協定的信用風險模型並加以測試與使用。本研究並以一般銀行企業貸款的流程為基礎,提出一個資訊架構來建構銀行企業貸款控管流程,並建置一套企業線上貸款雛型系統,將授信人員所需資訊,透過系統化的方式呈現出來以作為決策的參考,並透過信用風險模組計算其違約機率,最後計算此貸款所需計提的資本,以符合新巴塞爾協定規範。 / Several related institutes and scholars have been researched and developed various credit risk models based on the internal ratings based approach of New Basel Capital Accord. However, for finance corporations, how to analyze the information required for every stage, select relevant methods flexibly through information technology, find manners that really match the evaluation model required for banks, then provide managers the estimative examine to stand on decision properly by establishing an effective information construction from scattered different information system during trust. Furthermore, proposing the capital to fit New Basel Capital Accord is the most important issue for finance corporations. Therefore, this research develops a systematic platform based on Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and modulates the processes and methods used for credit risk models that match New Basel Capital Accord by Web Services; thus, banks can test and use the credit risk model that matches New Basel Capital Accord by searching the process framework provided by systematic platform. This research is also based on the loan procedure of general corporate lending and proposes a systematic framework to build up the control process for corporate lending. Moreover, by establishing a system for online corporate lending, the information required for trustees can be presented as indications of decision through systematization, and calculates the proposed capital required for the loan by counting the default probability via credit risk model to fit New Basel Capital Accord.
7

財務危機預警模型之比較研究-以概似比值檢定、ROC曲線與分類表為基準 / Comparison of Financial Distress Prediction Models Based on Likelihood Ratio Test, ROC Curve, and Classification Table

鄧博遠, Deng, Bou-yuan Unknown Date (has links)
1999年新巴塞爾協定規定鼓勵銀行採用內部信用評等法(internal ratings based approach),以衡量貸款者無法償還之風險以計提最低資本。為因應此一授信風險控管之需要,銀行亟需建立一套有效之財務危機預警系統,以判定銀行授信客戶發生財務危機之機率。 本研究運用羅吉斯迴歸分析(logistic regression analysis)與離散時間涉險分析(discrete-time survival analysis)分法於三種相互具有巢狀式關連性之財務危機預測模型,逐步加入財務、非財務及公司治理變數,以便在同一種分析方法下比較三種模型,以及在同一種模型下比較兩種分析方法。實證結果顯示,就樣本期間內而言,同一種分析方法下模型之財務危機預測能力,隨著不同種類解釋變數之加入而逐步提高。然而,就樣本期間外而言,同一種分析方法下模型之財務危機預測能力,並未隨著不同種類解釋變數之加入而逐步提高,但分類能力皆十分優良;而在同一種模型下離散時間涉險分析方法之整體分類能力皆高於羅吉斯迴歸分析方法。 / The 1999 Basel II Accord suggests banks measure the impossibility of reimbursement of debtors to calculate capital minimums by internal ratings-based approach. To reduce the credit risk, it is important that banks construct accurate financial distress prediction systems to determine the probability of financial distress of debtors. This study employs logistic regression and discrete-time hazard analysis to construct nested models to which the financial, non-financial, and corporate governance corporate variables are added step by step. I therefore make comparison of the performance of three models under logistic regression and discrete-time hazard analysis, respectively. Meanwhile, the comparison of the performance of logistic regression and discrete-time hazard analyses under each of three models is also made. The empirical results show that the in-sample predictive ability of financial distress is enhanced by gradually incorporating different kinds of variables in both analyses. Although the out-of-the-sample predictive ability of financial distress is not improved by gradually incorporating different kinds of variables in one analysis, the model performance is quite well overall. The entire discriminability of discrete-time hazard analysis is better than logistic regression under each model.
8

新巴塞爾協定下台灣上市/櫃公司信用風險評等與財務危機預警類神經網路模型之研究

吳志鴻 Unknown Date (has links)
長久以來,信用風險一直是各銀行經營風險中最主要的來源,而就信用風險的衡量部份,巴塞爾委員會希望國際性銀行最低限度必須採用中等複雜程度的風險計算方法。也就是希望銀行能以新巴塞爾協定中信用風險的內部評等法為基本精神建置一套內部自有的信用風險模型來評估交易對手的信用風險。 同時,由於目前國內對於自有信用風險模型的建置和效力驗證的相關研究付之闕如,故本研究以新巴塞爾協定中信用風險的內部評等基礎法為基本精神,並且應用倒傳遞類神經網路方法,建構一套有效的信用風險模型並加以驗證以期能應用於銀行授信決策系統之中,也擬扮演一拋磚引玉的角色,以期未來有更多資源投入相關研究。 首先,本研究藉由文獻探討的方式,決定模型的輸入變數,接著利用ROE來做為評斷企業總體財務表現的指標,同時使用來對上市/櫃公司進行評分,根據評分的結果,再使用K-Means方法來針對所有ROE值為正的上市/櫃公司進行評等等級的切割,以計算所有上市/櫃公司各年度的評等。 研究結果發現: (1) 利用建模資料帶入模型,分別計算每一筆資料的違約機率,也就是該公司當年度的違約機率,再將每一個等級的所有資料的PD值求平均數,即可得到代表該等級的違約機率,而此估計出的違約機率也的確能隨著評等等級的遞增而增加。 因此,當我們要判斷一間公司的違約等級時,可利用本研究所建構出的信用評等模型,估計出該公司違約機率,以判斷該公司的違約等級,以為決策者提供重要的參考依據。 (2) 信用風險預警模型在預測公司下一年度違約與否的能力上,也有不錯的預測準確率;同時,本研究利用預測結果的型I誤差、型II誤差、模型區別率和模型預測率分析來分析預警模型的效度,經實證結果得知,預警模型在效度驗證方面也能有效滿足要求。 由以上的結果得知,本研究所自行發展的信用風險評等模型與信用預警模型相關建構流程、架構與方法論,可有效應用於銀行授信決策系統之中。

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