本研究旨在討論臺北市449位里長的工作參與動機及工作滿意之情形，研究目的有四，分別為：一、探討臺北市449位里長的工作動機與工作滿意之現況；二、探討臺北市449位里長個人背景變項對工作滿意之影響；三、探討工作動機與工作滿意之間關係；四、根據研究果提出結論與建議，做為行政機關進行村里制度改革之政策建議，並提供未來從事相關研究者參考。因此，本研究首先由文獻探討開始，廣泛蒐集相關資料，予以分析歸納，提出本研究之架構及作為問卷設計的理論依據；其次編製問卷調查研究工具－「臺北市里長工作滿意調查量表」，經過預試、因素分析、信度考驗的程序，透過臺北市政府民政局、十二區區公所及449位里幹事同仁協助發放問卷至449位臺北市第九任現任里長，共計發出問卷449份，回收有效問卷357份，最後將實際調查所獲知資料經由統計處理，加以分析討論，得出相關研究結果，本研究主要發現如下： 一、性別、職業、里長服務資歷、獲得績優里長表揚與否、里幹事獲得 績優表揚與否、有無擔任社區發展協會幹部等因素，對於里長之工作滿意無顯著差異影響。 二、年長里長對「工作內容」滿意程度高於中年里長及年輕里長，而對「市府支持」的滿意程度，中年里長及年長里長顯著的高於年輕里長。 三、研究所及以上學歷之里長對整體工作滿意程度、「內在需求」及「福利措施」滿意程度上低於其他學歷者；國中學歷之里長對「退撫保障」之滿意程度高於高中學歷及研究所及以上學歷者；國小及以下和國中學歷之里長，對「市府支持」構面滿意程度高於研究所及以上學歷之里長。 四、里上有社區發展協會組織之里長，在「內在需求」滿意程度高於里上無社區發展協會組織者。 五、未來但決定繼續參選的里長對於「人際關係」滿意程度高於未來不繼續參選者。 六、里長對整體工作滿意度的重視程度，並未因參與動機類型的差異而有所不同；「社會接觸動機」類型之里長，對「福利措施」的滿意程度高於「自我成長動機」、「表達社會責任動機」、「個人利益動機」及「成就感需求動機」者；「自我成長動機」類型之里長，對「里鄰互動」滿意程度低於「表達社會責任動機」、「社會接觸動機」及「反應他人期望動機」者。 七、人口統計變項與里長參與動機類型交互作用，對里長的工作滿意無顯著差異影響。

村里基層行政人員是執行政策的主要行動者，其業務執行的判斷與裁量行為將影響民眾的權利，其對民主價值觀的認知，則左右其行政行為態樣。本研究的主要目的是欲探討民主化後的台灣，村里基層行政人員的民主價值，並找出影響因素。同時，探討村里基層行政人員是否因為民主價值的差異，而對於裁量行為有不同偏好。本研究使用2007年國科會計畫『填補「公民參與」研究脫落的環節—基層公務人員對公民參與態度的初探』所收集的量化資料。在分析961位村里基層行政人員所填答的問卷資料後，發現多數村里基層行政人員具中等程度的民主價值，其中村里幹事更達八成以上。主要影響民主價值差異的因素，是村里基層行政人員的年齡與教育程度。在裁量的偏好方面，多數受訪者傾向依法行政，民眾需求居次。主要解釋變異的因素是村里長與村里幹事間職責的差異，導致其偏好不同的裁量原則。因為村里長與村里幹事在民主價值以及裁量類型方面有許多的不同，而村里層級又是民主機制運作的第一線，因此應強化村里基層行政人員的民主價值。本研究建議政府應當建立村里長的培訓課程，以提升其對民主機制的認識與涵養，確保民眾的利益。 / Street-level administrators in Village/Li are the main actors for policy implementation. Their discretionary behaviors will affect the rights of citizens and such behaviors are profoundly influenced by their belief in democracy. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the democratic values of Village/Li Chiefs and Secretaries in Taiwan, and to find out the influential factors of democratic values. Further, this thesis discusses the extent to which their democratic values affect the preference of discretionary behaviors. The data used in this article are from the research sponsored by the National Science Council of the Executive Yuan; which conducted 961 face-to-face interviews with Village/Li Chiefs and Village/Li Secretaries in Taiwan in early 2007. This study finds that the majority of street-level administrators and 80% of Village/Li Secretaries have moderate democratic values. Statistical analysis indicates that age and education have critical influence on democratic values. With regard to their preference of discretionary behaviors, most respondents make decision mainly based on the enactments, and the need of citizens is secondary concern. The crucial factor to explain the variation is the difference on duties between Village/Li Chiefs and Secretaries. Consequently, the preference of their discretionary behaviors is diverse. Because of such divergence and the crucial role of street-level administrators in service delivery and grass-root democracy, this study suggests that the government should provide training programs to enhance the democratic values of Village/Li chiefs in particular and street-level administrators in general.

村里組織是台灣實施地方自治的最基層編組，而村里資源如何運用與分配，更是影響地方自治行政功能甚鉅，然過去研究鮮少討論村里公共資源的分配政治現象。於此，本研究以政治學的分配理論為基礎，採取質性研究方法，以村里基層工作經費為研究主軸，透過深入訪談及文件分析探討村里長是分配村里資源的情形，並分析公所與村里長之間委託-代理關係的監督失靈現象。 研究結果顯示，村里長分配村里資源的模式偏向Cox-McCubbins的模型，村里長以是否為「選舉票倉區」，作為分配村里基層工作經費的基準，而鄉鎮公所與村里長之間的委託-代理關係，則因資訊不對稱及里幹事聯繫失衡對村里長的行政監督有所失靈。 基於研究發現，本文建議，村里基層工作經費應依照村里的大小及人口予以公式化的補助金分配，此外村里長與公所之間的行政責任釐清，可助於減少資訊不對稱的問題，最後村里長運用村里資源的情形應建立衡量指標，落實稽核制度。本文為一初探性嘗試，提供台灣分配政策與政治研究另外一種思考的面向，並且提供未來台灣分配政治研究的實證基礎。 / Village and Neighborhood organization is the most basic unit of local governance in Taiwan, and how the village and neighborhood uses and allocates resources has important impact on the local self-government administration. However, existing research rarely discusses distributive politics of public resources in the village arena. Therefore, based on the perspective of distributive theory, this study explores the allocation of village resources by in-depth interviews and archival research. It further presents the supervision failure by township, on village and neighborhood. The results of this study confirm Cox-McCubbins ’s model on resources allocation. The village and neighborhood chiefs use "election support zone" as criteria to allocate the village and neighborhood funds. The principal-agency relationship between township and village was disconnected due to information asymmetries and loss of contact with the village secretary, which leads to the failure of administrative supervision on village chiefs regarding allocation of the funds.. This study proposes three suggestions for reforms. First, the village and neighborhood funds should be distributed in accordance with a formula based on the size of the village and neighborhood. Second, the administrative responsibility should be clarified between the village and neighborhood chief and townships to reduce the information asymmetry problem. Finally, the indicators measuring the effectiveness of the fund’s usage, should be constructed in order to enforce the audit system. This research is a pilot attempt to provide another perspective and empirical analysis on the distributive policy at local level. It has theoretical and empirical implications for distributive politics.

在電子化政府的架構下，民眾最重要的數位意見反映管道可謂是民意電子信箱，然而近年全球許多城市開始建制市民熱線系統，讓民眾得以透過電話向政府反映意見，使整個互動介面更為接近「行動政府」的概念，而在台灣的行政系絡下，「村里長」扮演政府機關與一般民眾互動的中介角色，本研究嘗試了解電子信箱與市民熱線這兩項原意用於促進「直接民主」的意見反應管道，對於村里長的工作產生何種影響，並探討村里長使用電子信箱與市民熱線的情況，以及影響他們對這兩項管道滿意認同的變數。 本研究以台北市里長及台北市市長信箱與1999市民熱線為主要標的，透過量化與質化方法的實證資料，主要發現結果包括：(1)台北市里長較常使用市民熱線，較少使用市長信箱；(2)資訊能力、對案件的時效性要求、問題難度與複雜性將影響村里長選擇市長信箱或市民熱線進行意見反映；(3)市長信箱與市民熱線對里長的正面影響包括解決村里民問題、減少工作負擔、提昇服務時效性、減少人情壓力、可有書面或電子資料備查，作為服務表現的基礎；負面影響則包括受申訴的機會增加、村里長工作有被管道取代的危機；(4)服務品質構面的「資訊可信度」、「問題解決程度」及「易用性」，有用性構面中的「解決里民問題」與「有助工作程度」五個變數對管道的滿意度有正向的影響。 本研究根據研究發現，提出三點實務建議：(1)重視「管道問題適用性」之宣傳；(2)促進村里長與意見反映管道結合的服務綜效；(3)思考管道如何對市民產生「有用性」，以提昇公共接觸效果。 / Under the framework of E-government, e-mail is the most important response channel for citizens to interact with governments. However, many cities around the world start to build citizen hotline systems, allowing people reflect their ideas and suggestions via phone. This fact reveals the opportunities of Mobile Government. In Taiwan, Li-chiefs simultaneously reflect residents’ opinions and help delivery public services. The author tries to figure out (1) how Taipei City Mayor’s E-mail Box and 1999 Citizen Hotline affect the daily works of Li-chiefs; (2) their usage of these two response channels, and (3) what variables might affect Li-chiefs’ satisfaction toward e-mail and citizen hotlines. The study uses Taipei City Mayor’s E-mail Box and Taipei 1999 Citizen Hotline as case examples, and collects both qualitative and quantitative empirical data. The author finds that: (1) The Li-chiefs in Taipei use Taipei 1999 Citizen Hotline more frequently than City Mayor’s E-mail. (2) Information literacy, timeliness and task complexity will affect Li-chiefs’ motives to reflect suggestions via e-mail or citizen hotline. (3) Li-chiefs can use these two channels to solve problems and enhance timeliness. On the other hand, the response channels allow citizens to complain to Li-chiefs more easily, and the positions of Li-chiefs might be replaced by the two channels; and (4) information reliability, problem solving ability, ease of use, the effect of solving citizens’ problems, and helping Li-chiefs’ jobs will positively affect the satisfaction of the channels. Based on the finding, the author suggests the government should: (1) emphasize the “appropriate or right questions” when prompting the channels; (2) teach Li-chiefs how to use response channels well to create synergy; and (3) rethink how response channels produce usefulness for citizens.